Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet Is Inversely Associated With Circulating Interleukin-6 Among Middle-Aged Men: A Twin Study
Open accessAbstract
Background— The Mediterranean diet is protective against cardiovascular disease; a proposed mechanism is through a reduction in systemic inflammation. It is unknown to what extent the association between the Mediterranean diet and inflammation is due to genetic or other familial factors. Methods and Results— We administered the Willett food frequency questionnaire to 345 middle-aged male twins and assessed adherence to the Mediterranean diet using a published adherence score. Fasting plasma levels of interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, and known cardiovascular risk factors were measured. Mixed-effect regression analyses were used to examine the relationship between diet score and inflammatory biomarkers after accounting for known cardiovascular risk factors. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated with reduced levels of interleukin-6 ( P <0.001) but not C-reactive protein ( P =0.10) after adjustment for total energy intake, other nutritional factors, known cardiovascular risk factors, and use of supplements and medications. When the overall association of adherence to the diet with interleukin-6 levels was partitioned into between- and within-pair effects, the between-pair effect was not significant ( P =0.9) and the within-pair effect was highly significant ( P <0.0001). A 1-unit within-pair absolute difference in the diet score was associated with a 9% (95% CI, 4.5 to 13.6) lower interleukin-6 level. Conclusions— Shared environmental and genetic factors are unlikely to play a major role in the association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and systemic inflammation. These results support the hypothesis that reduced inflammation is an important mechanism linking Mediterranean diet to reduced cardiovascular risk.
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In obese postmenopausal women, combining exercise with a soya isoflavone supplement for six months did not decrease plasma CRP concentration compared with exercise plus placebo.
“In obese postmenopausal women, the combination of exercise with a soya isoflavone supplement (duration 6 months) did not decrease plasma CRP concentration compared with exercise þ placebo (812) .”
From Dietary factors and low-grade inflammation in relation to overweight and obesity (2011) · cites this paper as [812]
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- Authors
- Dai, J., Miller, A. H., Bremner, J. D., Goldberg, J., Jones, L., Shallenberger, L., Buckham, R., Murrah, N. V., Veledar, E., Wilson, P. W., & Vaccarino, V.
- Affiliations
- Emory University (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Circulation
- Published
- 2008-01-15
- Volume
- 117
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 169-175
- ISSN
- 0009-7322 (ISSN-L)
- 1524-4539
- PMC
- PMC3232063
- OpenAlex
- W2053567929
- Cited by
- 145
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 10.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Circulation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Defense
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
- American Heart Association (0245115N)
- Emory University (MO1-RR00039)
- Temple University
- National Institutes of Health (UL1TR000454)
- National Institute on Aging (R01AG026255)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL068630, K24HL077506, R21HL093665, R01HL088726, R01 HL68630)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R21MH080208, R01MH056120, K24MH076955, T32MH067547)
- National Center for Research Resources (M01-RR00039, UL1RR025008, S10RR016917, M01RR000039)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Nutrition, Genetics, and Disease
- Keywords
- Mediterranean diet, dietary adherence, interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, systemic inflammation, cardiovascular risk, twins, shared environmental factors, genetic factors, middle-aged men
- MeSH terms
- C-Reactive Protein, Cardiovascular Diseases, Humans, Inflammation, Male, Middle Aged, Surveys and Questionnaires, Risk Factors, Interleukin-6, Diet, Mediterranean
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