The DOI matches its Crossref record; 106 of the 106 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Cocoa and Cardiovascular Health
Open accessAbstract
Epidemiological data demonstrate that regular dietary intake of plant-derived foods and beverages reduces the risk of coronary heart disease and stroke. Among many ingredients, cocoa might be an important mediator. Indeed, recent research demonstrates a beneficial effect of cocoa on blood pressure, insulin resistance, and vascular and platelet function. Although still debated, a range of potential mechanisms through which cocoa might exert its benefits on cardiovascular health have been proposed, including activation of nitric oxide and antioxidant and antiinflammatory effects. This review summarizes the available data on the cardiovascular effects of cocoa, outlines potential mechanisms involved in the response to cocoa, and highlights the potential clinical implications associated with its consumption.
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“In laboratory studies and randomized trials, flavonoid-rich cocoa has small but measurable benefits on BP, endothelial function, insulin resistance, and blood lipids.295-297”
From Dietary and Policy Priorities for Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes, and Obesity: A Comprehensive Review (2016) · cites this paper as [296]
In the citing paper
“A few short-term trials of other dietary sources (e.g., tea, red wine, grapes) or specific flavonoid extracts have not consistently improved BP, lipid levels, or endothelial function.295-297”
From Dietary and Policy Priorities for Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes, and Obesity: A Comprehensive Review (2016) · cites this paper as [296]
In the citing paper
“In laboratory studies and randomized trials, flavonoid-rich cocoa has small but measurable benefits on BP, endothelial function, insulin resistance, and blood lipids.295-297”
From Dietary and Policy Priorities for Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes, and Obesity: A Comprehensive Review (2016) · cites this paper as [297]
In the citing paper
“A few short-term trials of other dietary sources (e.g., tea, red wine, grapes) or specific flavonoid extracts have not consistently improved BP, lipid levels, or endothelial function.295-297”
From Dietary and Policy Priorities for Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes, and Obesity: A Comprehensive Review (2016) · cites this paper as [297]
Citations
Cites
1 retracted
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Kaku, N. (2023) · Acta Scientifci Nutritional Health · doi:10.31080/asnh.2023.07.1205
Mone, I., Kraja, B., Hyska, J., & Burazeri, G. (2023) · South Eastern European Journal of Public Health · doi:10.56801/seejph.vi.191
Fitriana, N., Abdullah, N., & Tahir, M. M. (2023) · AIP conference proceedings · doi:10.1063/5.0118882
Benefits of homemade chocolate consumption on human health
Córdova-Ávalos, V., Santos, G. M.-D. L., Palacios, V. C., Pérez-Flores, J., García, E. C., Córdova-Avalos, A., Córdova-Aquino, J., & Izquierdo-Reyes, F. (2023) · Agro Productividad · doi:10.32854/agrop.v15i4.2497
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Lifestyle Intervention: What Works?
Xaplanteris, P., & Vlachopoulos, C. V. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-15512-3.00049-0
Kardiyovasküler Hastalıklar ve Fonksiyonel Besinler
Yalçın, B., & Çelikayar, M. N. (2024) · Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi · doi:10.51754/cusbed.1398809
Kardiovaskuläre Effekte von Schokolade
Enseleit, F., & Ferrari, M. W. (2024) · Kardiologie up2date · doi:10.1055/a-1817-1803
“Zusätzlich fand sich bei den inselbewohnenden Kuna keine altersabhängige Verschlechterung der Nierenfunktion und eine niedrigere Anzahl kardiovaskulärer Ereignisse [6, 29, 30].”
BackgroundCocoa flavanol supplementation and incident atrial fibrillation in the COSMOS trial
Middeldorp, M. E., Manson, J. E., Aragaki, A. K., Clar, A., Sesso, H. D., & Albert, C. M. (2024) · European Journal of Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1093/eurjpc/zwae229
Garibotto, G., & Moore, L. W. (2025) · Journal of Renal Nutrition · doi:10.1053/j.jrn.2025.05.001
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“For instance, the bioactive compounds of cocoa components have pharmacological effects on inflammatory processes 57,58 .”
Desarrollo de una barra de chocolate oscuro evaluando dos edulcorantes en tres concentraciones
Escoto, S. J., & M., M. L. O. (2014)
Шушпанова, Т. В., Смирнова, И. Н., Gameeva, E. V., Степанова, А. М., Зайцев, А. А., Тицкая, Е. В., Zaripova, T. N., Новожеева, Т. П., Safronov, S. M., Боев, Р. Г., et al. (2026) · Успехи геронтологии · doi:10.34922/ae.2025.38.5.004
An Overview of Polyphenols and Color Chemistry in Cocoa
Khanijou, J. K., & Wibowo, M. (2026) · AgriFood Journal of Agricultural Products for Food · doi:10.1002/agf2.70015
Acute cocoa ingestion decreases spontaneous cardiac baroreflex sensitivity in healthy older adults
Hamaoka, M., Lott, M. E. J., Eckman, Z., Leuenberger, U. A., Blaha, C., Hamaoka, T., Luck, J. C., Sinoway, L. I., & Cui, J. (2026) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00203.2025
Chanet, A. (2011) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/c9b0983czed0bz4b1dzb975z2866bc9e5763
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Decroix, L. (2018) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/a6a02e44z61a4z4d24zadbdz0879e1c3e607
“14 inhibition of NADPH oxidase, while long term CF effects are additionally mediated by altered gene expression and protein synthesis of eNOS (Corti et al. 2009).”
BackgroundInfluentialNosaka, S., Nakakubo, S., Abe, K., Misu, Y., Kiuchi, Y., Tsutsumimoto, K., Nakamura, K., Natsume, M., Sasaki, M., Shimada, H., et al. (2026) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2026.1924057
“These effects have been attributed to cocoa polyphenols, particularly flavanols such as procyanidins and epicatechin, through their antioxidant activity and enhancement of nitric oxide synthesis (3, 4).”
Mishra, P. K., Zubair, M., & Singhal, S. (2026) · International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology (IJISRT) · doi:10.38124/ijisrt/26oct953
Nutritional Management of Hypertension: Cost Versus Benefit
Mavrodaris, A., & Stranges, S. (2010) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-60761-308-4_21
“Many mechanisms through which flavonoids and cocoa may affect the cardiovascular system, such as activation of nitric oxide and antioxidant and antiinflammatory effects have been proposed but not yet confirmed [72].”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Corti, R., Flammer, A. J., Hollenberg, N. K., & Lüscher, T. F.
- Affiliations
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- From the Cardiovascular Center, Cardiology University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland (R.C., A.J.F., T.F.L.), and Department of Medicine and Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (N.K.H.).
- Venue
- Circulation
- Published
- 2009-03-17
- Volume
- 119
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1433-1441
- ISSN
- 0009-7322 (ISSN-L)
- 1524-4539
- OpenAlex
- W2105296434
- Cited by
- 424
- References
- 105
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 35 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 30 · 2015: 27 · 2014: 31 · 2013: 38 · 2012: 46
- FWCI
- 5.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.zora.uzh.ch
- Licence
- other-oa
- Locations
- Circulation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Food Chemistry and Fat Analysis
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry (medical) › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
- Keywords
- Theobroma cacao, cardiovascular health, coronary artery disease, stroke, blood pressure, insulin resistance, vascular function, platelet function, nitric oxide, antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory activity, plant-based foods
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Antioxidants, Beverages, Cacao, Catechin, Endothelium, Vascular, Female, Flavonoids, Food Handling, Heart Diseases, Humans, Hyperlipidemias, Hypertension, Indians, Central American, Insulin Resistance, Iowa, Male, Phytotherapy, Medicine, Traditional, Middle Aged, Nitric Oxide, Platelet Aggregation, Switzerland, Overweight
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