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Cited by 486Gestational Diabetes Research and ManagementBirth, Development, and HealthObesity, Physical Activity, Diet

Association of Maternal Weight Gain in Pregnancy With Offspring Obesity and Metabolic and Vascular Traits in Childhood

Open access
Fraser, Abigail, Tilling, Kate, Macdonald-Wallis, Corrie, Sattar, Naveed, Brion, Marie-Jo, Benfield, Li, Ness, Andy, Deanfield, John +4 more·2010·Circulation
DOI 10.1161/circulationaha.109.906081PMC PMC3505019
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Abstract

Background— We sought to examine the association of gestational weight gain (GWG) and prepregnancy weight with offspring adiposity and cardiovascular risk factors. Methods and Results— Data from 5154 (for adiposity and blood pressure) and 3457 (for blood assays) mother-offspring pairs from a UK prospective pregnancy cohort were used. Random-effects multilevel models were used to assess incremental GWG (median and range of repeat weight measures per woman: 10 [1, 17]). Women who exceeded the 2009 Institute of Medicine–recommended GWG were more likely to have offspring with greater body mass index, waist, fat mass, leptin, systolic blood pressure, C-reactive protein, and interleukin-6 levels and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein A1 levels. Children of women who gained less than the recommended amounts had lower levels of adiposity, but other cardiovascular risk factors tended to be similar in this group to those of offspring of women gaining recommended amounts. When examined in more detail, greater prepregnancy weight was associated with greater offspring adiposity and more adverse cardiovascular risk factors at age 9 years. GWG in early pregnancy (0 to 14 weeks) was positively associated with offspring adiposity across the entire distribution but strengthened in women gaining >500 g/wk. By contrast, between 14 and 36 weeks, GWG was only associated with offspring adiposity in women gaining >500 g/wk. GWG between 14 and 36 weeks was positively and linearly associated with adverse lipid and inflammatory profiles, with these associations largely mediated by the associations with offspring adiposity. Conclusions— Greater maternal prepregnancy weight and GWG up to 36 weeks of gestation are associated with greater offspring adiposity and adverse cardiovascular risk factors. Before any GWG recommendations are implemented, the balance of risks and benefits of attempts to control GWG for short- and long-term outcomes in mother and child should be ascertained.

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  • There is a positive relationship between maternal BMI and offspring cardiovascular risk.

    “In conclusion, there is a positive relationship between maternal BMI and offspring cardiovascular risk [76,77,78].”

    From Maternal Overnutrition and Fetal Programming: Long-Term Metabolic, Cognitive, and Epigenetic Consequences (2026) · cites this paper as [78]

  • Reynolds et al. found an increase in mortality in offspring of overweight or obese mothers, particularly for cardiovascular events, and approximately 7.6% of offspring were hospitalized for a cardiovascular event.

    “The results showed an increase in mortality in offspring of overweight or obese mothers, particularly for cardiovascular events; moreover, approximately 7.6% of offspring were hospitalized for a cardiovascular event.”

    From Maternal Overnutrition and Fetal Programming: Long-Term Metabolic, Cognitive, and Epigenetic Consequences (2026) · cites this paper as [78]

    The Methods and Results describe cardiovascular risk factors measured in offspring at age 9, not mortality or cardiovascular-event hospitalizations. Searches for Reynolds, offspring mortality, cardiovascular events, and the 7.6% hospitalization figure found no supporting passage in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.76)

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  • A multilevel model was used to obtain estimated maternal weight at 0, 20 and 40 weeks of gestation in 11,499 mother-offspring pairs, and these estimates overcame the issues of irregular sampling and missing data in the exposure measurements.

    “we used a multilevel model to obtain estimated maternal weight at 0 (i.e. pre-pregnancy), 20 and 40 weeks of gestation in 11 499 mother-offspring pairs.28 Such estimates overcame the issues of irregular sampling and missing data in the exposure measurements.”

    From A structured approach to hypotheses involving continuous exposures over the life course (2016) · cites this paper as [28]

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Authors
Fraser, A., Tilling, K., Macdonald-Wallis, C., Sattar, N., Brion, M.-J., Benfield, L., Ness, A., Deanfield, J., Hingorani, A., Nelson, S. M., Smith, G. D., & Lawlor, D. A.
Affiliations
University of Bristol (GB)
ORCID
Venue
Circulation
Publisher
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published
2010-06-15
Volume
121
Issue
23
Pages
2557-2564
ISSN
  • 0009-7322 (ISSN-L)
  • 1524-4539
DOI
10.1161/circulationaha.109.906081
PMC
PMC3505019
OpenAlex
W2017558222
Cited by
486
References
23
Citations by year
2026: 11 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 37 · 2018: 34 · 2017: 36 · 2016: 49 · 2015: 45 · 2014: 42 · 2013: 51 · 2012: 38
FWCI
52.77
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Circulation (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Bristol Research (University of Bristol) (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
  • Explore Bristol Research (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • Wellcome Trust (085515)
  • British Heart Foundation (PG/07/002)
  • University of Bristol
  • National Institutes of Health
  • Medical Research Council
  • National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK077659)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Gestational Diabetes Research and Management
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Birth, Development, and Health
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
Keywords
gestational weight gain, pre-pregnancy weight, offspring obesity, childhood adiposity, cardiovascular risk factors, blood pressure, leptin, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, HDL cholesterol, apolipoprotein A-I, lipid profile, inflammation, early pregnancy
MeSH terms
Cardiovascular Diseases, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Obesity, Pregnancy, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Cohort Studies, Weight Gain

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