Maternal cardiovascular disorders before and during pregnancy and offspring cardiovascular risk across the life course
Open accessAbstract
Obesity, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus and dyslipidaemia are highly prevalent among women of reproductive age and contribute to complications in >30% of pregnancies in Western countries. An accumulating body of evidence suggests that these cardiovascular disorders in women, occurring before and during their pregnancy, can affect the development of the structure, physiology and function of cardiovascular organ systems at different stages during embryonic and fetal development. These developmental adaptations might, in addition to genetics and sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, increase the susceptibility of the offspring to cardiovascular disease throughout the life course. In this Review, we discuss current knowledge of the influence of maternal cardiovascular disorders, occurring before and during pregnancy, on offspring cardiovascular development, dysfunction and disease from embryonic life until adulthood. We discuss findings from contemporary, large-scale, observational studies that provide insights into specific critical periods, evidence for causality and potential underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, we focus on priorities for future research, including defining optimal cardiovascular and reproductive health in women and men before their pregnancy and identifying specific embryonic, placental and fetal molecular developmental adaptations from early pregnancy onwards. Together, these approaches will help stop the intergenerational cycle of cardiovascular disease.
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Self-citationZhang, T., Huang, X., Zhao, X., Wang, W., Wen, R., & Gao, S. (2022) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1003900 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Geurtsen, M. L., van Soest, E. E. L., Voerman, E., Steegers, E. A. P., Jaddoe, V. W. V., & Gaillard, R. (2019) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-019-4957-3 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Self-citationPregnancy Weight Gain and Childhood Body Weight: A Within-Family Comparison
Ludwig, D. S., Rouse, H. L., & Currie, J. (2013) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001521 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
The Joint Associations of Maternal BMI and Glycemia with Childhood Adiposity
Josefson, J. L., Catalano, P. M., Lowe, W. L., Scholtens, D. M., Kuang, A., Dyer, A. R., Lowe, L. P., & Metzger, B. E. (2020) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgaa180 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Paternal obesity: how bad is it for sperm quality and progeny health?
Raad, G., Hazzouri, M., Bottini, S., Trabucchi, M., Azoury, J., & Grandjean, V. (2017) · Basic and Clinical Andrology · doi:10.1186/s12610-017-0064-9 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Maternal Midpregnancy Glucose Levels and Risk of Congenital Heart Disease in Offspring
Priest, J. R., Yang, W., Reaven, G. M., Knowles, J. W., & Shaw, G. M. (2015) · Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.2831 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Louise, J., Poprzeczny, A. J., Deussen, A. R., Vinter, C., Tanvig, M., Jensen, D. M., Bogaerts, A., Devlieger, R., McAuliffe, F. M., Renault, K. M., et al. (2021) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-021-01995-6 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
The Impact of Maternal Obesity on Offspring Cardiovascular Health: A Systematic Literature Review
Kankowski, L., Ardissino, M., McCracken, C., Lewandowski, A. J., Leeson, P., Neubauer, S., Harvey, N. C., Petersen, S. E., & Raisi‐Estabragh, Z. (2022) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.868441 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Cell-Free Fetal DNA Testing for Prenatal Diagnosis
Drury, S., Hill, M. K., & Chitty, L. S. (2016) · Advances in clinical chemistry · doi:10.1016/bs.acc.2016.05.004 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Taylor, K., Elhakeem, A., Nader, J. L. T., Yang, T., Isaevska, E., Richiardi, L., Vrijkotte, T. G. M., de Moira, A. P., Murray, D. M., Finn, D. G., et al. (2021) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.120.020051 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Helle, E., Biegley, P., Knowles, J. W., et al. (2017) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.10.046 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Maternal serum placental growth factor at 11–13 weeks' gestation and fetal cardiac defects
Llurba, E., Syngelaki, A., Sánchez, O., Carreras, E., Cabero, L., & Nicolaides, K. H. (2012) · Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1002/uog.12346 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
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Miliku, K., Bergen, N. E., Bakker, H., Albert Hofman, D., Steegers, E. A. P., Gaillard, R., & Jaddoe, V. W. V. (2016) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.116.003884 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Self-citationBond, T. A., Richmond, R. C., Karhunen, V., Cuéllar-Partida, G., Borges, M. C., Zuber, V., Alves, A. C., Mason, D., Yang, T., Gunter, M. J., et al. (2022) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-021-02216-w · Cited by 41 · see citing works
DOHaD – the challenge of translating the science to policy
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Self-citationSantos, S., Monnereau, C., Felix, J. F., Duijts, L., Gaillard, R., & Jaddoe, V. W. V. (2018) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/s41366-018-0186-y · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Self-citationMaternal overnutrition elevates offspring’s blood pressure-A systematic review and meta-analysis
Eitmann, S., Mátrai, P., Németh, D., Hegyi, P., Lukács, A., Bérczi, B., Czumbel, L. M., Kiss, I., Gyöngyi, Z., Varga, G., et al. (2022) · Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology · doi:10.1111/ppe.12859 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Gishti, O., Jaddoe, V. W. V., Felix, J. F., Reiss, I. K. M., Albert Hofman, D., Ikram, M. K., Steegers, E. A. P., & Gaillard, R. (2015) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.114.05008 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Self-citationPregnancy-Associated Hypertension and Offspring Cardiometabolic Health
Rice, M. M., Landon, M. B., Varner, M. W., Casey, B. M., Reddy, U. M., Wapner, R. J., Rouse, D. J., Tita, A., Thorp, J. M., Chien, E. K., et al. (2018) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1097/aog.0000000000002433 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Kučienė, R., & Dulskienė, V. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-07903-z · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Gaillard, R., Wright, J., & Jaddoe, V. (2018) · Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease · doi:10.1017/s2040174418000855 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
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Cacciatore, F., Bruzzese, G., Abete, P., Russo, G., Palinski, W., & Claudio Napoli, A. (2021) · European Journal of Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1093/eurjpc/zwab152 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Risk Factors and Outcomes Associated With First-Trimester Fetal Growth Restriction
Mook‐Kanamori, D. O., Steegers, E. A. P., Eilers, P. H. C., Raat, H., Albert Hofman, D., & Jaddoe, V. W. V. (2010) · Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey · doi:10.1097/ogx.0b013e3181e59e13 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Self-citationMechanisms linking exposure to preeclampsia in utero and the risk for cardiovascular disease
Andraweera, P. H., Gatford, K. L., Care, A. S., Bianco‐Miotto, T., Lassi, Z. S., Dekker, G., Arstall, M. A., & Roberts, C. T. (2020) · Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease · doi:10.1017/s2040174420000094 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Maternal Glucose Concentrations in Early Pregnancy and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Childhood
Wahab, R. J., Voerman, E., Jansen, P. W., Oei, E. H. G., Steegers, E. A. P., Jaddoe, V. W. V., & Gaillard, R. (2020) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.22771 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citationInfluence of Maternal Gestational Hypertensive Disorders on Microvasculature in School-Age Children
Yesil, G. D., Gishti, O., Felix, J. F., Reiss, I. K. M., Ikram, M. K., Steegers, E. A. P., Albert Hofman, D., Jaddoe, V. W. V., & Gaillard, R. (2016) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kww059 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citationWang, G., Bhatta, L., Moen, G.-H., Hwang, L., Kemp, J. P., Bond, T. A., Åsvold, B. O., Brumpton, B. M., Evans, D. M., & Warrington, N. M. (2021) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.121.17701 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Eitmann, S., Németh, D. I., Hegyi, P. J., Szakács, Z., Garami, A., Balaskó, M., Solymár, M., Erőss, B. M., Kovács, E., & Pétervári, E. (2020) · Maternal and Child Nutrition · doi:10.1111/mcn.13031 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Maternal Early‐Pregnancy Glucose Concentrations and Liver Fat Among School‐Age Children
Geurtsen, M. L., Wahab, R. J., Felix, J. F., Gaillard, R., & Jaddoe, V. W. V. (2021) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.31910 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citationScreening Low-Income Women of Reproductive Age for Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors
Robbins, C. L., Keyserling, T. C., Pitts, S. J., Morrow, J., Majette, N. T., Sisneros, J. A., Ronay, A., Farr, S. L., Urrutia, R. P., & Dietz, P. M. (2013) · Journal of Women s Health · doi:10.1089/jwh.2012.4149 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Yu, H., Li, W., Mao, Z., Luo, L., He, N., Dong, W., & Lei, X. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Hypertension · doi:10.1111/jch.14577 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Wahab, R. J., Jaddoe, V. W. V., Roest, A. A. W., Toemen, L., & Gaillard, R. (2020) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc19-2580 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citationEarly Pregnancy Placental Bed and Fetal Vascular Volume Measurements Using 3-D Virtual Reality
Reus, A. D., der Aa, J. K.-V., Rifouna, M. S., Koning, A. H. J., Exalto, N., van der Spek, P. J., & Steegers, E. A. P. (2014) · Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2014.02.022 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Rutkowski, R. E., Tanner, J. P., Anjohrin, S. B., Kirby, R. S., & Salemi, J. L. (2021) · Birth Defects Research · doi:10.1002/bdr2.1946 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Zhang, T., Huang, X., Zhao, X., et al. (2021) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) · doi:10.5281/zenodo.5783967 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Wiertsema, C. J., Jaddoe, V. W. V., Mulders, A. G. M. G. J., & Gaillard, R. (2022) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.121.023163 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationFirst trimester fetal proportion volumetric measurements using a Virtual Reality approach
Wiertsema, C. J., Erkamp, J. S., Mulders, A. G. M. G. J., Steegers, E. A. P., Duijts, L., Koning, A. H. J., Gaillard, R., & Jaddoe, V. W. V. (2021) · Prenatal Diagnosis · doi:10.1002/pd.5947 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citationWiertsema, C. J., Sol, C. M., Mulders, A. G. M. G. J., Steegers, E. A. P., Duijts, L., Gaillard, R., Koning, A. H. J., & Jaddoe, V. W. V. (2022) · Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research · doi:10.1111/jog.15151 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationBongers‐Karmaoui, M. N., Jaddoe, V. W. V., & Gaillard, R. (2021) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.11.005 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationBongers‐Karmaoui, M. N., Jaddoe, V. W. V., Roest, A. A. W., Helbing, W. A., Steegers, E. A. P., & Gaillard, R. (2022) · American Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2022.01.016 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
6 of the 137 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Institute of Medicine (US) and National Research Council (US) Committee to Reexamine IOM Pregnancy Weight Guidelines. Weight Gain During Pregnancy: Reexamining the Guidelines (eds Rasmussen, K.M. & Yaktine, A.L.) (National Academies Press US, 2009).
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The Born in Guangzhou Cohort Study enables generational genetic discoveries
Huang, S., Liu, S. M., Huang, M., He, J., Wang, C., Wang, T., Feng, X., Kuang, Y., Lu, J., Gu, Y., et al. (2024) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-023-06988-4 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Boxem, A. J., Blaauwendraad, S. M., Mulders, A. G. M. G. J., Bekkers, E. L., Kruithof, C. J., Steegers, E. A. P., Gaillard, R., & Jaddoe, V. W. V. (2024) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.36157 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Self-citationSchipper, M. C., Manshanden, A., Philippe, K., Ferré, N., Luque, V., Lecorguillé, M., Aubert, A. M., Guerlich, K., Gal, C. L., Feher, S., et al. (2025) · Pediatric Obesity · doi:10.1111/ijpo.70060 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“Accumulating evidence suggests that developmental adaptations in early life, in response to an adverse in utero and early-childhood environment, increase susceptibility to obesity later in life [5].”
Self-citationMaddox, K. E. J., Reynolds, H. R., Adedinsewo, D. A., Bushnell, C., DeVon, H. A., Gooding, H. C., Howard, V. J., Mauricio, R., Miller, E. C., Sharma, G. V., et al. (2026) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000001406 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Moholdt, T. T., Aye, C. Y. L., Bahls, M., Crispi, F., Ghossein‐Doha, C., Goossens, E., Hanssen, H., Kulkarni, A., Lewandowski, A. J., Mannaerts, D., et al. (2025) · European Journal of Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf100 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Maternal progesterone and adipose mPRε in pregnancy regulate the embryonic nutritional state
Watanabe, K., Yamano, M., Miyamoto, J., Ohue‐Kitano, R., Masujima, Y., Sasahara, D., Mouri, Y., Kono, N., Inuki, S., Osakada, F., et al. (2025) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2025.115433 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Alsiraj, Y., Huang, H., Shoemaker, R., Schanbacher, B. L., Murphy, M. O., Giannone, P. J., & Bauer, J. A. (2025) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu17091464 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“Known contributors include diet and physical activity, socioeconomic factors, and genetic predispositions [2], and emerging evidence indicates that the pre-and perinatal environment is a potential risk factor for childhood and adult cardiovascular disease [3].”
Blaauwendraad, S. M., Kamphuis, A. S. J., Ruiz‐Ojeda, F. J., Brandimonte‐Hernández, M., Ventura, E. F., Berkeveld, M. A., Collado, M. C., van Diepen, J. A., Iozzo, P., Knipping, K., et al. (2025) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.70025 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationCui, S., Deng, F., Lu, M., Zhang, M., Yang, Z., Ma, Y., Fan, L., Gao, Q., & Feng, D. (2026) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2026.1717069 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“Key markers such as blood pressure, vascular reactivity, lipid metabolism, and insulin sensitivity now show consistent associations with prenatal nutritional exposures (4, 22, 23).”
Shen, X.-L., Génard-Walton, M., Williams, P., James-Todd, T., Ford, J., Rexrode, K. M., Calafat, A., Zhang, D., Chavarro, J., Hauser, R., et al. (2024) · Toxics · doi:10.3390/toxics12080574 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“Dyslipidemia during pregnancy has been associated with adverse fetal development [17,18], short-and long-term CVD risk [19–21] and higher BMI in the offspring [22].”
BackgroundOptimising gestational weight gain among pregnant women with obesity
Gaillard, R. (2024) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(24)00470-7 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationPosition statement of Italian Society of Obesity (SIO): Gestational Obesity
Barrea, L., Camastra, S., Garelli, S., Guglielmi, V., Manco, M., Velluzzi, F., Barazzoni, R., Verde, L., & Muscogiuri, G. (2024) · Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia Bulimia and Obesity · doi:10.1007/s40519-024-01688-y · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Zhen, H., Lü, C., Hao, X., et al. (2025) · Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2025.104153 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Jing, G., Ye, P., Wei, Q., Zou, J., Zhang, Y., & Shi, H. (2024) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgae413 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Zhou, J., Tong, J., Liang, C., Chen, S., Sheng, J., Gao, G., Cao, H., Yan, S., Tao, F., & Huang, K. (2025) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.139312 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Statins for preventing preeclampsia
Paraskevas, T., Gakis, G., Papapanou, M., Sergentanis, T. Ν., Sotiriadis, A., & Siristatidis, C. S. (2025) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd016133 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“…in the newborn; the former leads to a pro-inflammatory environment and an adverse maternal environment from preconception onwards, which can negatively affect gametogenesis and endometrial quality and lead to placental, embryonic, and fetal structural and functional developmental adaptations [39].”
Tussupbekova, M., Stabayeva, L. M., Muhammad, I., Useeva, M., Sharafutdinova, K. N., & Bisembaev, T. B. (2023) · Репродуктивная медицина · doi:10.37800/rm.3.2023.72-79 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Mo, X., Janszky, I., Arkema, E. V., Wang, H., Möller, J., Liang, Y., & László, K. D. (2026) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehag316 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Maternal Diabetes and Risk of Early-Onset Cardiovascular Diseases in Offspring
Mo, X., Janszky, I., Wang, H. L., Yang, F., Möller, J., Liang, Y., & László, K. D. (2026) · JAMA Cardiology · doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2026.0915 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Yu, E. A., Chapnick, M., & Stein, A. (2026) · Annual Review of Nutrition · doi:10.1146/annurev-nutr-101024-091914 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Blaauwendraad, S. M., Kamphuis, A. S. J., Ruiz‐Ojeda, F. J., Brandimonte‐Hernández, M., Ventura, E. F., Berkeveld, M. A., Collado, M. C., van Diepen, J. A., Iozzo, P., Knipping, K., et al. (2024) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2024.06.26.24309514 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationPanteris, E., Kakatsaki, I., Koukou, Z., Kolvatzis, C., Papanikolaou, S., & Hatzidaki, E. (2026) · Pathophysiology · doi:10.3390/pathophysiology33030067
“Maternal metabolic and vascular health during pregnancy can alter placental perfusion, nutrient transport, inflammatory signalling and endocrine function, with potential consequences for fetal growth and cardiometabolic development [25,26].”
When the ovaries speak to your heart…..are we ready to listen?
Castelvecchio, S., & Nappi, R. E. (2023) · European Journal of Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1093/eurjpc/zwad337
Pirmosios 1000 vaiko gyvenimo dienų kaip viešosios politikos problemos pateiktis
Tamutienė, I., & Auglytė, V. (2024) · Public Policy And Administration · doi:10.5755/j01.ppaa.53.1.34281
Maternal progesterone and adipose mPRε in pregnancy regulate the embryonic nutritional statePreprint
Watanabe, K., Yamano, M., Miyamoto, J., Ohue‐Kitano, R., Masujima, Y., Sasahara, D., Mouri, Y., Kono, N., Inuki, S., Osakada, F., et al. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.08.26.609823
Gaillard, R., & Jaddoe, V. W. V. (2025) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehaf141
Self-citationIs Adolescence a Window of Opportunity for Prepregnancy Obesity Prevention?
Gaillard, R. (2025) · Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology · doi:10.1111/ppe.70037
“The adverse impact of maternal prepregnancy obesity and excessive gestational weight gain is not limited to the perinatal period, but rather adversely affects maternal and offspring health across the life course [2].”
Self-citationDawuti, W., Du, J., Tian, X., et al. (2026) · Hypertension Research · doi:10.1038/s41440-026-02615-7
Mayans, M. M., Gonçalves, R., Marroun, H. E., et al. (2026) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.125.045736
Self-citationXu, Q., Zhang, H., Chen, B., Xie, Z., Lin, Q., Zhao, Y., She, G., Zhong, F., & Li, J. (2026) · International Journal of Women s Health · doi:10.2147/ijwh.s599831
Lessons Learned from the Generation R Study
Gaillard, R., Schipper, M. C., & Jaddoe, V. W. V. (2026) · Contemporary cardiology · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-14256-6_23
Self-citationButyrate counteracts maternal obesity-induced cardiac defects by promoting PLEKHG3-actin binding
Qin, X., Zhang, L., Zhang, M., Chen, S., Wei, S., Zou, K., Xia, Y., & Ding, G. (2026) · EMBO Reports · doi:10.1038/s44319-026-00911-4
“It has been extensively demonstrated that maternal obesity increases the risk of congenital heart defects in offspring (Gaillard and Jaddoe, 2023; Persson et al, 2017; Zhao et al, 2023), suggesting that the structural organization of cardiac myo fi brils may already be disrupted during intrauterine…”
Mohebi, A., Arstall, M. A., Dalton, J., Dekker, G. A., Alexander, A., Pathirana, M., Wittwer, M., Leemaqz, S., & Andraweera, P. (2026) · Endocrine · doi:10.1007/s12020-026-04818-x
“These changes may contribute to increased cardiovascular demands during pregnancy and an increased risk of hypertensive disorders [36–39].”
- Authors
- Gaillard, R., & Jaddoe, V. W. V.
- Affiliations
- Erasmus MC (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Gaillard, Romy
- Venue
- Nature Reviews Cardiology
- Published
- 2023-05-11
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 617-630
- ISSN
- 1759-5002 (ISSN-L)
- 1759-5010
- OpenAlex
- W4376149544
- Cited by
- 34
- References
- 137
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 2
- FWCI
- 2.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- pure.eur.nl
- Licence
- Locations
- Nature Reviews Cardiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- ZonMw (05430052110007, ERC-2014-CoG-648916, 09150172110034, 543003109, 727565, 529051026, 2017.81.002)
- Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (ZonMW 543003109, 05430052110007, ERC-2014-CoG-648916, 09150172110034, 2017.81.002, 543003109)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Birth, Development, and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Gestational Diabetes Research and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Pregnancy and preeclampsia studies
- Keywords
- pregnancy, offspring cardiovascular risk, fetal programming, developmental origins of health and disease, obesity, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, placental development, embryonic development, preconception health, infancy, life course
- MeSH terms
- Heart Disease Risk Factors, Adult, Cardiovascular Diseases, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Humans, Life Change Events, Male, Placenta, Pregnancy, Risk Factors
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