Physical Activity and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease and Stroke in Older Adults: The Cardiovascular Health Study
Open accessAbstract
Background—: Although guidelines suggest that older adults engage in regular physical activity (PA) to reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD), surprisingly few studies have evaluated this relationship, especially in those >75 years. In addition, with advancing age the ability to perform some types of PA might decrease, making light-moderate exercise such as walking especially important to meet recommendations. Methods and Results—: Prospective cohort analysis among 4207 US men and women of a mean age of 73 years (standard deviation=6) who were free of CVD at baseline in the Cardiovascular Health Study were followed from 1989 to 1999. PA was assessed and cumulatively updated over time to minimize misclassification and assess the long-term effects of habitual activity. Walking (pace, blocks, combined walking score) was updated annually from baseline through 1999. Leisure-time activity and exercise intensity were updated at baseline, 1992, and 1996. Incident CVD (fatal or nonfatal myocardial infarction, coronary death, or stroke) was adjudicated using medical records. During 41 995 person-years of follow-up, 1182 CVD events occurred. After multivariable adjustment, greater PA was inversely associated with coronary heart disease, stroke (especially ischemic stroke), and total CVD, even in those ≥75 years. Walking pace, distance, and overall walking score, leisure-time activity, and exercise intensity were each associated with lower risk. For example, in comparison with a walking pace <2 mph, those that habitually walked at a pace >3 mph had a lower risk of coronary heart disease (0.50; confidence interval, 0.38–0.67), stroke (0.47; confidence interval, 033–0.66), and CVD (0.50; confidence interval, 0.40–0.62). Conclusions—: These data provide empirical evidence supporting PA recommendations, in particular, walking, to reduce the incidence of CVD among older adults.
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Thirteen included papers included women only, and no included studies included only men.
“Thirteen papers included women only,53–65 and no studies included only men.”
From Sex Differences in Physical Activity and Incident Stroke: A Systematic Review (2022) · cites this paper as [55]
The Methods > Population passage says the Cardiovascular Health Study enrolled men and women, so this cited paper was not a women-only study. The paper does not establish the sex composition of the citing document’s other included studies. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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- Authors
- Soares-Miranda, L., Siscovick, D. S., Psaty, B. M., Longstreth, W. T., & Mozaffarian, D.
- Affiliations
- From Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health, and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Portugal (L.S.-M.); Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle (D.S.S., B.M.P., W.T.L.); Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle (D.S.S., B.M.P.); New York Academy of Medicine, New York (D.S.S.); Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA (B.M.P.); Department of Neurology, University of Washington,...
- Tufts University (US)
- Venue
- Circulation
- Published
- 2016-01-12
- Volume
- 133
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 147-155
- ISSN
- 0009-7322 (ISSN-L)
- 1524-4539
- PMC
- PMC4814318
- OpenAlex
- W2591018678
- Semantic Scholar
- 5f8184c0a3ca04abdd39a50c165f75ebe0c9c39f
- Cited by
- 214
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 15
- FWCI
- 12.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Circulation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (n01hc085082-026, n01hc085081-021, n01hc085079-024, n01hc085083-027, n01hc085080-026, n01hc085086-022, n01hc55222-0-0-0)
- National Institute on Aging (R01AG023629)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (N01 HC085086, N01 HC085079, N01 HC085083, N01 HC085080, HHSN 268200800007C, HHSN268201200036C, N01HC085082, U01HL080295, N01 HC055222, N01 HC085081, R01HL085710, HL080295, R01HL080295)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors
- Keywords
- physical activity, older adults, coronary artery disease, stroke, cardiovascular disease, walking, walking speed, leisure-time exercise, exercise intensity, Cardiovascular Health Study
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Coronary Disease, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Health Status, Humans, Leisure Activities, Male, Motor Activity, Prospective Studies, Sampling Studies, United States, Proportional Hazards Models, Walking, Stroke
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