Prevalence and predictors of death and severe disease in patients hospitalized due to COVID-19: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of 77 studies and 38,000 patients
Open accessPublished version of a preprint
Abstract
Introduction: Progression of COVID-19 to severe disease and death is insufficiently understood. Objective: Summarize the prevalence of risk factors and adverse outcomes and determine their associations in COVID-19 patients who were hospitalized. Methods: We searched Medline, Embase and Web of Science for case-series and observational studies of hospitalized COVID-19 patients through August 31, 2020. Data were analyzed by fixed-effects meta-analysis using Shore’s adjusted confidence intervals to address heterogeneity. Results: Seventy-seven studies comprising 38906 hospitalized patients met inclusion criteria; 21468 from the US-Europe and 9740 from China. Overall prevalence of death [% (95% CI)] from COVID-19 was 20% (18–23%); 23% (19–27%) in the US and Europe and 11% (7–16%) for China. Of those that died, 85% were aged≥60 years, 66% were males, and 66%, 44%, 39%, 37%, and 27% had hypertension, smoking history, diabetes, heart disease, and chronic kidney disease (CKD), respectively. The case fatality risk [%(95% CI)] were 52% (46–60) for heart disease, 51% (43–59) for COPD, 48% (37–63) for chronic kidney disease (CKD), 39% for chronic liver disease (CLD), 28% (23–36%) for hypertension, and 24% (17–33%) for diabetes. Summary relative risk (sRR) of death were higher for age≥60 years [sRR = 3.6; 95% CI: 3.0–4.4], males [1.3; 1.2–1.4], smoking history [1.3; 1.1–1.6], COPD [1.7; 1.4–2.0], hypertension [1.8; 1.6–2.0], diabetes [1.5; 1.4–1.7], heart disease [2.1; 1.8–2.4], CKD [2.5; 2.1–3.0]. The prevalence of hypertension (55%), diabetes (33%), smoking history (23%) and heart disease (17%) among the COVID-19 hospitalized patients in the US were substantially higher than that of the general US population, suggesting increased susceptibility to infection or disease progression for the individuals with comorbidities. Conclusions: Public health screening for COVID-19 can be prioritized based on risk-groups. Appropriately addressing the modifiable risk factors such as smoking, hypertension, and diabetes could reduce morbidity and mortality due to COVID-19; public messaging can be accordingly adapted.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China
Huang, C., Wang, Y., Li, X., Ren, L., Zhao, J., Hu, Y., Zhang, L., Fan, G., Xu, J., Gu, X., et al. (2020) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30183-5 · Cited by 48,884 · see citing works
Meta-analysis in clinical trials
DerSimonian, R., & Laird, N. (1986) · Controlled Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/0197-2456(86)90046-2 · Cited by 39,552 · see citing works
Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta‐analysis
Higgins, J. P. T., & Thompson, S. G. (2002) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.1186 · Cited by 36,763 · see citing works
Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China
Guan, W.-J., Ni, Z.-Y., Hu, Y., Liang, W.-H., Ou, C.-Q., He, J.-X., Liu, L., Shan, H., Lei, C.-L., Hui, D. S. C., et al. (2020) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2002032 · Cited by 30,246 · see citing works
Zhou, F., Yu, T., Du, R., Fan, G., Liu, Y., Liu, Z., Xiang, J., Wang, Y., Song, B., Gu, X., et al. (2020) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30566-3 · Cited by 27,263 · see citing works
Hoffmann, M., Kleine-Weber, H., Schroeder, S., Krüger, N., Herrler, T., Erichsen, S., Schiergens, T. S., Herrler, G., Wu, N.-H., Nitsche, A., et al. (2020) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.02.052 · Cited by 20,286 · see citing works
Wang, D., Hu, B., Hu, C., Zhu, F., Liu, X., Zhang, J., Wang, B., Xiang, H., Cheng, Z., Xiong, Y., et al. (2020) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2020.1585 · Cited by 20,148 · see citing works
La certeza de lo impredecible: Cultura Educación y Sociedad en tiempos de COVID19
Martínez González, M. (2020) · DSPACE System - Metalibrary (University of the Coast) · Cited by 18,463 · see citing works
Wu, Z., & McGoogan, J. M. (2020) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2020.2648 · Cited by 17,016 · see citing works
Yang, X., Yu, Y., Xu, J., Shu, H., Xia, J., Liu, H., Wu, Y., Zhang, L., Yu, Z., Fang, M., et al. (2020) · The Lancet Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.1016/s2213-2600(20)30079-5 · Cited by 10,066 · see citing works
Richardson, S., Hirsch, J. S., Narasimhan, M., Crawford, J. M., McGinn, T., Davidson, K. W., and the Northwell COVID-19 Research Consortium, Barnaby, D. P., Becker, L. B., Chelico, J. D., et al. (2020) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2020.6775 · Cited by 9,254 · see citing works
Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2019 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association
Benjamin, E. J., Muntner, P., Alonso, A., Bittencourt, M. S., Callaway, C. W., Carson, A. P., Chamberlain, A. M., Chang, A. R., Cheng, S., Das, S. R., et al. (2019) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000659 · Cited by 9,036 · see citing works
Wu, C., Chen, X., Cai, Y., Xia, J., Zhou, X., Xu, S., Huang, H., Zhang, L., Zhou, X., Du, C., et al. (2020) · JAMA Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.0994 · Cited by 8,249 · see citing works
Factors associated with COVID-19-related death using OpenSAFELY
Williamson, E. J., Walker, A. J., Bhaskaran, K., Bacon, S., Bates, C., Morton, C. E., Curtis, H. J., Mehrkar, A., Evans, D., Inglesby, P., et al. (2020) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2521-4 · Cited by 6,674 · see citing works
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is a functional receptor for the SARS coronavirus
Li, W., Moore, M. J., Vasilieva, N., Sui, J., Wong, S. K., Berne, M. A., Somasundaran, M., Sullivan, J. L., Luzuriaga, K., Greenough, T. C., et al. (2003) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature02145 · Cited by 5,923 · see citing works
The combination of estimates from different experiments
Cochran, W. G. (1954) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/3001666 · Cited by 5,380 · see citing works
Clinical and immunological features of severe and moderate coronavirus disease 2019
Chen, G., Wu, D., Guo, W., Cao, Y., Huang, D., Wang, H., Wang, T., Zhang, X., Chen, H., Yu, H., et al. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci137244 · Cited by 4,750 · see citing works
Yang, J., Zheng, Y., Gou, X., Pu, K., Chen, Z., Guo, Q., Ji, R., Wang, H., Wang, Y., & Zhou, Y. (2020) · International Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2020.03.017 · Cited by 4,206 · see citing works
Clinical characteristics of 140 patients infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 in Wuhan, China
Zhang, J., Dong, X., Cao, Y., Yuan, Y.-D., Yang, Y., Yan, Y., Akdiş, C. A., & Gao, Y. (2020) · Allergy · doi:10.1111/all.14238 · Cited by 4,004 · see citing works
Clinical characteristics of 113 deceased patients with coronavirus disease 2019: retrospective study
Chen, T., Wu, D., Chen, H., Yan, W., Yang, D., Chen, G., Ma, K., Xu, D., Yu, H., Wang, H., et al. (2020) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.m1091 · Cited by 3,903 · see citing works
Comorbidity and its impact on 1590 patients with covid-19 in China: a nationwide analysis
Guan, W.-J., Liang, W.-H., Zhao, Y., Liang, H.-R., Chen, Z.-S., Li, Y.-M., Liu, X.-Q., Chen, R.-C., Tang, C.-L., Wang, T., et al. (2020) · European Respiratory Journal · doi:10.1183/13993003.00547-2020 · Cited by 3,680 · see citing works
COVID-19 and the cardiovascular system
Zheng, Y.-Y., Ma, Y.-T., Zhang, J.-Y., & Xie, X. (2020) · Nature Reviews Cardiology · doi:10.1038/s41569-020-0360-5 · Cited by 2,970 · see citing works
Are patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus at increased risk for COVID-19 infection?
Fang, L., Karakiulakis, G., & Roth, M. (2020) · The Lancet Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.1016/s2213-2600(20)30116-8 · Cited by 2,947 · see citing works
Clinical, laboratory and imaging features of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Rodriguez-Morales, A. J., Cardona-Ospina, J. A., Gutiérrez-Ocampo, E., Villamizar-Peña, R., Holguin-Rivera, Y., Escalera-Antezana, J. P., Alvarado-Arnez, L. E., Bonilla-Aldana, D. K., Franco-Paredes, C., Henao-Martinez, A. F., et al. (2020) · Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease · doi:10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101623 · Cited by 2,542 · see citing works
Garg, S., Kim, L., Whitaker, M., O’Halloran, A., Cummings, C., Holstein, R., Prill, M., Chai, S. J., Kirley, P. D., Alden, N. B., et al. (2020) · MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report · doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6915e3 · Cited by 2,335 · see citing works
Risk factors for severity and mortality in adult COVID-19 inpatients in Wuhan
Li, X., Xu, S., Yu, M., Wang, K., Tao, Y., Zhou, Y., Shi, J. C., Zhou, M., Wu, B., Yang, Z., et al. (2020) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2020.04.006 · Cited by 2,237 · see citing works
Clinical Characteristics of Covid-19 in New York City
Goyal, P., Choi, J. J., Pinheiro, L. C., Schenck, E. J., Chen, R., Jabri, A., Satlin, M. J., Campion, T. R., Nahid, M., Ringel, J. B., et al. (2020) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmc2010419 · Cited by 2,234 · see citing works
Cummings, M. J., Baldwin, M. R., Abrams, D. C., Jacobson, S. D., Meyer, B. J., Balough, E. M., Aaron, J. G., Claassen, J., Rabbani, L. E., Hastie, J. M., et al. (2020) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31189-2 · Cited by 2,198 · see citing works
Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in China: a cross-sectional survey
Zhang, L., Wang, F., Wang, L., Wang, W., Liu, B., Liu, J., Chen, M., He, Q., Liao, Y., Yu, X., et al. (2012) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(12)60033-6 · Cited by 2,098 · see citing works
Zheng, Z., Peng, F., Xu, B., Zhao, J., Liu, H., Peng, J., Li, Q., Jiang, C., Zhou, Y., Liu, S., et al. (2020) · Journal of Infection · doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2020.04.021 · Cited by 2,074 · see citing works
Epidemiologic Features and Clinical Course of Patients Infected With SARS-CoV-2 in Singapore
Young, B. E., Ong, S. W. X., Kalimuddin, S., Low, J. G. H., Tan, S. Y., Loh, J., Ng, O. T., Marimuthu, K., Ang, L. W., Mak, T. M., et al. (2020) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2020.3204 · Cited by 2,058 · see citing works
COVID-19 and cardiovascular disease
Clerkin, K. J., Fried, J. A., Raikhelkar, J., Sayer, G., Griffin, J. M., Masoumi, A., Jain, S. S., Burkhoff, D., Kumaraiah, D., Rabbani, L., et al. (2020) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.120.046941 · Cited by 1,738 · see citing works
Status of Hypertension in China: Results From the China Hypertension Survey, 2012–2015
Wang, Z., Chen, Z., Zhang, L., Wang, X., Hao, G., Zhang, Z., Shao, L., Tian, Y., Dong, Y., Zheng, C., et al. (2018) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.117.032380 · Cited by 1,698 · see citing works
Zhu, L., She, Z., Cheng, X., Qin, J., Zhang, X.-J., Cai, J., Lei, F., Wang, H., Xie, J., Wang, W., et al. (2020) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2020.04.021 · Cited by 1,613 · see citing works
Du, R.-H., Liang, L.-R., Yang, C.-Q., Wang, W., Cao, T.-Z., Li, M., Guo, G.-Y., Du, J., Zheng, C.-L., Zhu, Q., et al. (2020) · European Respiratory Journal · doi:10.1183/13993003.00524-2020 · Cited by 1,452 · see citing works
Zheng, S., Fan, J., Yu, F., Feng, B., Lou, B., Zou, Q., Xie, G., Lin, S., Wang, R., Yang, X., et al. (2020) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.m1443 · Cited by 1,439 · see citing works
CDC COVID-19 Response Team, CDC COVID-19 Response Team, Chow, N. A., Fleming-Dutra, K. E., Gierke, R., Hall, A. J., Hughes, M. M., Pilishvili, T., Ritchey, M. D., Roguski, K. M., et al. (2020) · MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report · doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6913e2 · Cited by 1,399 · see citing works
Characteristics of COVID-19 Infection In Beijing
Tian, S., Hu, N., Lou, J., Chen, K., Kang, X., Xiang, Z., Chen, H., Wang, D., Liu, N., Liu, D., et al. (2020) · Journal of Infection · doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2020.02.018 · Cited by 1,227 · see citing works
Liu, W. Y., Tao, Z.-W., Wang, L., Yuan, M.-L., Liu, K., Zhou, L., Wei, S., Deng, Y., Liu, J., Liu, H., et al. (2020) · Chinese Medical Journal · doi:10.1097/cm9.0000000000000775 · Cited by 1,101 · see citing works
Clinical Features of 69 Cases With Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Wuhan, China
Wang, Z., Yang, B., Li, Q., Wen, L., & Zhang, R. (2020) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/ciaa272 · Cited by 1,063 · see citing works
Clinical Features and Treatment of COVID-19 Patients in Northeast Chongqing
Wan, S., Xiang, Y., Fang, W., Zheng, Y., Li, B., Hu, Y., Lang, C., Huang, D., Sun, Q., Xiong, Y., et al. (2020) · Journal of Medical Virology · doi:10.1002/jmv.25783 · Cited by 982 · see citing works
(2017) · PubMed · Cited by 961 · see citing works
Tobacco Product Use and Cessation Indicators Among Adults — United States, 2018
Creamer, M. R., Wang, T. W., Babb, S. D., Cullen, K. A., Day, H., Willis, G., Jamal, A., & Neff, L. J. (2019) · MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report · doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6845a2 · Cited by 895 · see citing works
Palaiodimos, L., Kokkinidis, D. G., Li, W., Karamanis, D., Ognibene, J., Arora, S., Southern, W. N., & Mantzoros, C. S. (2020) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154262 · Cited by 864 · see citing works
Alqahtani, J. S., Oyelade, T., Aldhahir, A. M., Alghamdi, S., Almehmadi, M., Alqahtani, A., Quaderi, S. A., Mandal, S., & Hurst, J. R. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0233147 · Cited by 863 · see citing works
COVID-19 with Different Severities: A Multicenter Study of Clinical Features
Feng, Y., Ling, Y., Bai, T., Xie, Y., Huang, J., Li, J., Xiong, W., Yang, D., Chen, R., Lu, F., et al. (2020) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.202002-0445oc · Cited by 834 · see citing works
Argenziano, M., Bruce, S. L., Slater, C. L., Tiao, J. R., Baldwin, M. R., Barr, R. G., Chang, B., Chau, K. H.-Y., Choi, J. J., Gavin, N. P., et al. (2020) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.m1996 · Cited by 804 · see citing works
Clinical progression of patients with COVID-19 in Shanghai, China
Chen, J., Qi, T., Liu, L., Ling, Y., Qian, Z., Li, T., Li, F., Xu, Q., Zhang, Y., Xu, S., et al. (2020) · Journal of Infection · doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2020.03.004 · Cited by 793 · see citing works
COVID-19, ACE2, and the cardiovascular consequences
South, A. M., Diz, D. I., & Chappell, M. C. (2020) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00217.2020 · Cited by 779 · see citing works
Smoking is associated with COVID-19 progression: a meta-analysis
Patanavanich, R., & Glantz, S. A. (2020) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/ntaa082 · Cited by 765 · see citing works
Zhao, Q., Meng, M., Kumar, R., Wu, Y., Huang, J., Lian, N., Deng, Y., & Lin, S. (2020) · Journal of Medical Virology · doi:10.1002/jmv.25889 · Cited by 726 · see citing works
Suleyman, G., Fadel, R. A., Malette, K., Hammond, C., Abdulla, H., Entz, A., Demertzis, Z. D., Hanna, Z., Failla, A. J., Dagher, C., et al. (2020) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.12270 · Cited by 695 · see citing works
Akhmerov, A., & Marbán, E. (2020) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.120.317055 · Cited by 694 · see citing works
Risk factors for disease severity, unimprovement, and mortality in COVID-19 patients in Wuhan, China
Zhang, J., Wang, X., Jia, X., Li, J., Hu, K., Chen, G., Wei, J., Gong, Z., Zhou, C., Yu, H., et al. (2020) · Clinical Microbiology and Infection · doi:10.1016/j.cmi.2020.04.012 · Cited by 685 · see citing works
Deng, Y., Liu, W., Liu, K., Fang, Y.-Y., Shang, J., Zhou, L., Wang, K., Leng, F., Wei, S., Chen, L., et al. (2020) · Chinese Medical Journal · doi:10.1097/cm9.0000000000000824 · Cited by 657 · see citing works
Comorbidity and its impact on 1,590 patients with COVID-19 in China: A Nationwide AnalysisPreprint
Guan, W., Liang, W., Zhao, Y., et al. (2020) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2020.02.25.20027664 · Cited by 650 · see citing works
Hewitt, J., Carter, B., Vilches‐Moraga, A., Quinn, T. J., Braude, P., Verduri, A., Pearce, L. E., Stechman, M., Short, R., Price, A., et al. (2020) · The Lancet Public Health · doi:10.1016/s2468-2667(20)30146-8 · Cited by 622 · see citing works
Cardiovascular comorbidity and its impact on patients with COVID-19
Guan, W., Liang, W., He, J.-X., & Zhong, N. (2020) · European Respiratory Journal · doi:10.1183/13993003.01227-2020 · Cited by 618 · see citing works
Radzikowska, U., Ding, M., Tan, G., Zhakparov, D., Peng, Y., Wawrzyniak, P., Wang, M., Li, S., Morita, H., Altunbulakli, C., et al. (2020) · Allergy · doi:10.1111/all.14429 · Cited by 542 · see citing works
Inciardi, R. M., Adamo, M., Lupi, L., Cani, D., Pasquale, M. D., Tomasoni, D., Italia, L., Zaccone, G., Tedino, C., Fabbricatore, D., et al. (2020) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa388 · Cited by 535 · see citing works
Shi, Y., Yu, X., Zhao, H., Wang, H., Zhao, R.-H., & Sheng, J. (2020) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/s13054-020-2833-7 · Cited by 510 · see citing works
Gold, J. A. W., Wong, K. K., Szablewski, C. M., Patel, P. R., Rossow, J. A., da Silva, J., Natarajan, P., Morris, S. B., Fanfair, R. N., Rogers-Brown, J. S., et al. (2020) · MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report · doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6918e1 · Cited by 473 · see citing works
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in China: a nationwide prevalence study
Fang, L., Gao, P., Bao, H., Tang, X., Wang, B., Feng, Y., Cong, S., Juan, J., Fan, J., Lu, K., et al. (2018) · The Lancet Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.1016/s2213-2600(18)30103-6 · Cited by 470 · see citing works
Association of Obesity with Disease Severity Among Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019
Kalligeros, M., Shehadeh, F., Mylona, E. K., Benitez, G., Beckwith, C. G., Chan, P. A., & Mylonakis, E. E. (2020) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.22859 · Cited by 442 · see citing works
Nikpouraghdam, M., Farahani, A. J., Alishiri, G. H., Heydari, S., Ebrahimnia, M., Samadinia, H., Sepandi, M., Jafari, N. J., Izadi, M., Qazvini, A., et al. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Virology · doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104378 · Cited by 425 · see citing works
Active smoking is not associated with severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Lippi, G., & Henry, B. M. (2020) · European Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2020.03.014 · Cited by 404 · see citing works
China cardiovascular diseases report 2018: an updated summary.
Ma, L., Chen, W., Gao, R.-L., Liu, L., Zhu, M., Wang, Y., Wu, Z., Li, H., Gu, D., Yang, Y., et al. (2020) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · doi:10.11909/j.issn.1671-5411.2020.01.001 · Cited by 399 · see citing works
Hu, L., Chen, S., Fu, Y., Gao, Z., Long, H., Ren, H., Zuo, Y., Li, H., Wang, J., Yu, W.-X., et al. (2020) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/ciaa539 · Cited by 398 · see citing works
Pinto, B. G. G., Oliveira, A. E. R., Singh, Y., Jimenez, L., Gonçalves, A. N. A., Ogava, R. L. T., Creighton, R. L., Peron, J. P. S., & Nakaya, H. I. (2020) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/infdis/jiaa332 · Cited by 395 · see citing works
Age and Multimorbidity Predict Death Among COVID-19 Patients
Iaccarino, G., Grassi, G. M., Borghi, C., Ferri, C., Salvetti, M., Volpe, M., Cicero, A. F. G., Minuz, P., Muiesan, M. L., Mulatero, P., et al. (2020) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.15324 · Cited by 393 · see citing works
Hu, C., & Jia, W. (2017) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/dbi17-0013 · Cited by 387 · see citing works
Aggarwal, S., Telles-Garcia, N., Aggarwal, G., Lavie, C. J., Lippi, G., & Henry, B. M. (2020) · Diagnosis · doi:10.1515/dx-2020-0046 · Cited by 376 · see citing works
Schiffrin, E. L., Flack, J. M., Ito, S., Muntner, P., & Webb, R. C. (2020) · American Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1093/ajh/hpaa057 · Cited by 373 · see citing works
Chronic Kidney Disease in the United States
Rettig, R. A., Norris, K. C., & Nissenson, A. R. (2008) · Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.2215/cjn.02330508 · Cited by 359 · see citing works
Kreutz, R. H., Algharably, E. A. E., Azizi, M., Dobrowolski, P., Guzik, T. J., Januszewicz, A., Persu, A., Prejbisz, A., Riemer, T., Wang, J., et al. (2020) · Cardiovascular Research · doi:10.1093/cvr/cvaa097 · Cited by 356 · see citing works
Wang, M., Luo, X., Xu, S., Liu, W., Ding, F., Zhang, X., Wang, L., Liu, J., Hu, J., & Wang, W. (2019) · The Lancet Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.1016/s2213-2600(18)30432-6 · Cited by 326 · see citing works
Tobacco Smoking Increases the Lung Gene Expression of ACE2, the Receptor of SARS-CoV-2
Cai, G., Bossé, Y., Xiao, F., Kheradmand, F., & Amos, C. I. (2020) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.202003-0693le · Cited by 322 · see citing works
Zhang, G., Zhang, J., Wang, B., Zhu, X., Wang, Q., & Qiu, S. (2020) · Respiratory Research · doi:10.1186/s12931-020-01338-8 · Cited by 304 · see citing works
Early predictors of clinical outcomes of COVID-19 outbreak in Milan, Italy
Ciceri, F., Castagna, A., Rovere, P. Q., COBELLI, F. D., Ruggeri, A., Galli, L., Conte, C., LORENZO, R. D., Poli, A., Ambrosio, A. G., et al. (2020) · Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.clim.2020.108509 · Cited by 294 · see citing works
Giacomelli, A., Ridolfo, A. L., Milazzo, L., Oreni, L. M., Bernacchia, D., Siano, M., Bonazzetti, C., Covizzi, A., Schiuma, M., Passerini, M., et al. (2020) · Pharmacological Research · doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104931 · Cited by 264 · see citing works
Chen, Q., Zheng, Z., Zhang, C., Zhang, X., Wu, H., Wang, J., Wang, S., & Zheng, C. (2020) · Infection · doi:10.1007/s15010-020-01432-5 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
Wang, R., Pan, M., Zhang, X., Han, M., Fan, X., Zhao, F., Miao, M., Xu, J., Guan, M., Xia, D., et al. (2020) · International Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2020.03.070 · Cited by 243 · see citing works
Patient Trajectories Among Persons Hospitalized for COVID-19
Garibaldi, B. T., Fiksel, J., Muschelli, J., Robinson, M. L., Rouhizadeh, M., Perin, J., Schumock, G., Nagy, P. G., Gray, J., Malapati, H., et al. (2020) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/m20-3905 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
Zhao, X.-Y., Xu, X., Yin, H., Hu, Q., Xiong, T., Tang, Y.-Y., Yang, A.-Y., Yu, B., & Huang, Z. (2020) · BMC Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1186/s12879-020-05010-w · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Galloway, J. B., Norton, S., Barker, R. D., Brookes, A., Carey, I., Clarke, B. D., Jina, R., Reid, C., Russell, M. D., Sneep, R., et al. (2020) · Journal of Infection · doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2020.05.064 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Factors Associated With Intubation and Prolonged Intubation in Hospitalized Patients With COVID‐19
Hur, K., Price, C. P. E., Gray, E., Gulati, R. K., Maksimoski, M. T., Racette, S. D., Schneider, A. L., & Khanwalkar, A. R. (2020) · Otolaryngology · doi:10.1177/0194599820929640 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Shahriarirad, R., Khodamoradi, Z., Erfani, A., Hosseinpour, H., Ranjbar, K., Emami, Y., Mirahmadizadeh, A., Lotfi, M., Yeganeh, B. S., Nejad, A. D., et al. (2020) · BMC Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1186/s12879-020-05128-x · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Hsu, H., Ashe, E. M., Silverstein, M., Hofman, M., Lange, S. J., Razzaghi, H., Mishuris, R. G., Davidoff, R., Parker, E., Penman‐Aguilar, A., et al. (2020) · MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report · doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6927a3 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Retrospective study of risk factors for severe SARS-Cov-2 infections in hospitalized adult patients
Yao, Q., Wang, P., Wang, X., Qie, G., Meng, M., Tong, X., Bai, X., Ding, M., Liu, W., Keke, L., et al. (2020) · Polskie Archiwum Medycyny Wewnętrznej · doi:10.20452/pamw.15312 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Li, X., Guan, B., Su, T., Liu, W., Chen, M., Waleed, K. B., Guan, X., Tse, G., & Zhu, Z. (2020) · Heart · doi:10.1136/heartjnl-2020-317062 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Current smoking is not associated with COVID-19
Rossato, M., Russo, L., Mazzocut, S., Vincenzo, A. D., Fioretto, P., & Vettor, R. (2020) · European Respiratory Journal · doi:10.1183/13993003.01290-2020 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Chilimuri, S. S., Sun, H., Alemam, A., Mantri, N., Shehi, E., Tejada, J., Yugay, A., & Nayudu, S. K. (2020) · Western Journal of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.5811/westjem.2020.6.47919 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Khamis, F. A., Al-Zakwani, I. S., Naamani, H. A., Lawati, S. A., Pandak, N., Omar, M. B., Bahrani, M. A., Bulushi, Z. A., Khalili, H. A., Salmi, I. A., et al. (2020) · Journal of Infection and Public Health · doi:10.1016/j.jiph.2020.06.002 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Javanian, M., Bayani, M., Shokri, M., Zavareh, M. S. H., Babazadeh, A., Yeganeh, B. S., Mohseni, S., Mehraeen, R., Sepidarkish, M., Bijani, A., et al. (2020) · Romanian Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.2478/rjim-2020-0013 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Ethylene oxide: an assessment of the epidemiological evidence on carcinogenicity.
Shore, R. E., Gardner, M. J., & Pannett, B. (1993) · Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1136/oem.50.11.971 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Ferguson, J., Rosser, J. I., Quintero, O., Scott, J. A., Subramanian, A. K., Gumma, M. E. F., Rogers, A. J., & Kappagoda, S. (2020) · Emerging infectious diseases · doi:10.3201/eid2608.201776 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Rivera‐Izquierdo, M., Valero-Ubierna, M. D. C., R-delAmo, J. L., Fernández-García, M. Á., Martínez-Diz, S., Tahery-Mahmoud, A., Rodríguez-Camacho, M., Gámiz-Molina, A. B., Gyengo, N. B., Gámez-Baeza, P., et al. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0235107 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Yu, X., Sun, X., Cui, P., Pān, H., Lin, S., Han, R., Jiang, C., Fang, Q., Kong, D., Zhu, Y., et al. (2020) · Transboundary and Emerging Diseases · doi:10.1111/tbed.13604 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Zheng, Y., Xiong, C., Liu, Y., Qian, X., Tang, Y., Liu, L., Leung, E. L., & Wang, M. (2020) · Pharmacological Research · doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104821 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Prevalence and Treatment of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) in the United States
Biener, A. I., Decker, S. L., & Rohde, F. C. (2019) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2019.10241 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Sun, L., Shen, L., Fan, J., Gu, F., Hu, M., An, Y., Zhou, Q. T., Fan, H., & Bi, J. (2020) · Journal of Medical Virology · doi:10.1002/jmv.25966 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Prognostic Factors for Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Daegu, Korea
Jang, J. G., Hur, J., Choi, E. Y., Hong, K. S., Lee, W., & Ahn, J. H. (2020) · Journal of Korean Medical Science · doi:10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e209 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Association Between Clinical Manifestations and Prognosis in Patients with COVID-19
Yu, T., Cai, S., Zheng, Z., Cai, X., Liu, Y., Yin, S., Peng, J., & Xu, X. (2020) · Clinical Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2020.04.009 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Pan, W. D., Zhang, J., Wang, M., Ye, J., Xu, Y. Q., Shen, B., He, H., Wang, Z., Ye, D., Zhao, M., et al. (2020) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.15289 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study with focus on the over-80s and hospital-onset disease
Brill, S., Jarvis, H. C., Ozcan, E., Burns, T., Warraich, R., Amani, L., Jaffer, A., Paget, S., Sivaramakrishnan, A., & Creer, D. D. (2020) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-020-01665-z · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Tomlins, J., Hamilton, F., Gunning, S., Sheehy, C., Moran, E., & MacGowan, A. P. (2020) · Journal of Infection · doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2020.04.020 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Clinical, radiological and therapeutic characteristics of patients with COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia
Shabrawishi, M., Algethamy, M., Naser, A. Y., Ghazawi, M. A., Alsharif, G. F., Obaid, E. F., Melebari, H. A., Alamri, D. M., Brinji, A. S., Aljehani, F., et al. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0237130 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Wei, Y., Zeng, W., Huang, X., Li, J., Qiu, X., Li, H., Liu, D., He, Z., Yao, W., Huang, P. C., et al. (2020) · BMC Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1186/s12879-020-05252-8 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Clinical characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 patients in Beijing, China
Cao, Z., Li, T., Liang, L., Wang, H., Wei, F., Sha, M., Cai, M., Zhang, Y., Xu, H., Zhang, J., et al. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0234764 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Coronavirus disease 19 in minority populations of Newark, New Jersey
Okoh, A. K., Sossou, C. W., Dangayach, N. S., Meledathu, S., Phillips, O., Raczek, C., Patti, M., Kang, N., Hirji, S. A., Cathcart, C. S., et al. (2020) · International Journal for Equity in Health · doi:10.1186/s12939-020-01208-1 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Liu, S., Luo, H., Wang, Y., Cuevas, L. E., Wang, D., Ju, S., & Yang, Y. (2020) · BMC Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1186/s12879-020-05314-x · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Nowak, B., Szymański, P., Pańkowski, I., Szarowska, A., Życińska, K., Rogowski, W., Gil, R. J., Furmanek, M. I., Tatur, J., Zaczyński, A., et al. (2020) · Polskie Archiwum Medycyny Wewnętrznej · doi:10.20452/pamw.15361 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Gregoriano, C., Koch, D., Haubitz, S., Conen, A., Fux, C. A., Müeller, B., Bernasconi, L., Hammerer‐Lercher, A., Oberle, M., Burgemeister, S., et al. (2020) · Swiss Medical Weekly · doi:10.4414/smw.2020.20316 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Pellaud, C., Grandmaison, G., Thien, H. P. P. H., Baumberger, M., Carrel, G., Ksouri, H., Erard, V., Chuard, C. R., Hayoz, D., & Sridharan, G. O. (2020) · Swiss Medical Weekly · doi:10.4414/smw.2020.20314 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Escalera-Antezana, J. P., Lizon-Ferrufino, N. F., Maldonado-Alanoca, A., Alarcón-De-la-Vega, G., Alvarado-Arnez, L. E., Balderrama-Saavedra, M. A., Bonilla‐Aldana, D. K., & Rodriguez-Morales, A. J. (2020) · PubMed · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Tambe, M., Parande, M. A., Tapare, V., Borle, P. S., Lakde, R., Shelke, S. C., & BJMC COVID Epidemiology group (2020) · Indian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.4103/ijph.ijph_522_20 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Risk factors for severe illness in hospitalized Covid-19 patients at a regional hospital
Turcotte, J. J., Meisenberg, B. R., MacDonald, J. H., Menon, N., Fowler, M. B., West, M., Rhule, J., Qureshi, S. S., & MacDonald, E. B. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0237558 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Retrospective analysis of clinical characteristics of 405 patients with COVID-19
Zhan, T., Liu, M., Tang, Y., Han, Z., Cheng, X., Deng, J., Chen, X., Xia, T., & Huang, X. (2020) · Journal of International Medical Research · doi:10.1177/0300060520949039 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Predictors of mortality for patients with COVID-19 pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2
Yang, H., Zhang, Y., Yang, M., & Huang, X. (2020) · European Respiratory Journal · doi:10.1183/13993003.02439-2020 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Khalil, K., Agbontaen, K., McNally, D., Love, A., Mandalia, S., BANYA, W. A. S., Starren, E., Dhunnookchand, R., Farne, H. A., Morton, R., et al. (2020) · Journal of Infection · doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2020.06.027 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Early experience with COVID-19 patients at academic hospital in Southwestern United States
Shekhar, R., Sheikh, A. B., Upadhyay, S., Atencio, J., & Kapuria, D. (2020) · Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1080/23744235.2020.1774645 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Characteristics and early outcomes of patients hospitalised for COVID-19 in North Zealand, Denmark.
Lendorf, M. E., Boisen, M. K., Kristensen, P. L., Løkkegaard, E., Krog, S. M., Brandi, L., Brinth, L. S., Nolsöe, R. L. M., Ryrsø, C. K., Eiken, P., et al. (2020) · PubMed · Cited by 18 · see citing works
National Smoking Rates Correlate Inversely with COVID-19 MortalityPreprint
Norden, M. J., Avery, D., Norden, J. G., & Haynor, D. R. (2020) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2020.06.12.20129825 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The Lancet Commission on lessons for the future from the COVID-19 pandemic
Sachs, J. D., Karim, S. S. A., Aknin, L., Allen, J., Brosbøl, K., Colombo, F., Barron, G. C., Espinosa, M. F., Gaspar, V., Gaviria, A., et al. (2022) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(22)01585-9 · Cited by 842 · see citing works
Post-acute sequelae of covid-19 six to 12 months after infection: population based study
Peter, R. S., Nieters, A., Kräusslich, H., Brockmann, S., Göpel, S., Kindle, G. R., Merle, U., Steinacker, J. M., Rothenbacher, D., Kern, W. V., et al. (2022) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj-2022-071050 · Cited by 296 · see citing works
COVID-19 in Children: Where do we Stand?
Nikolopoulou, G. B., & Maltezou, H. C. (2021) · Archives of Medical Research · doi:10.1016/j.arcmed.2021.07.002 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
Treskova, M., Haas, L., Reda, S. A., Pilic, A., Borodova, A., Karimi, K., Koch, J., Nygren, T. M., Scholz, S. M., Schönfeld, V., et al. (2021) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-021-02058-6 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
COVID–19 and chronic kidney disease: an updated overview of reviews
Jdiaa, S. S., Mansour, R., Alayli, A. E., Gautam, A., Thomas, P., & Mustafa, R. A. (2022) · Journal of Nephrology · doi:10.1007/s40620-021-01206-8 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Yurttaş, B., Poyraz, B. Ç., Süt, N., Özdede, A., Öztaş, M., Uğurlu, S., Tabak, F., Hamuryudan, V., & Seyahi, E. (2021) · Rheumatology International · doi:10.1007/s00296-021-04841-3 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
International travel-related control measures to contain the COVID-19 pandemic: a rapid review
Burns, J., Movsisyan, A., Stratil, J. M., Biallas, R. L., Coenen, M., Emmert-Fees, K. M. F., Geffert, K., Hoffmann, S., Horstick, O., Laxy, M., et al. (2021) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd013717.pub2 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Yin, T., Li, Y., Ying, Y., & Luo, Z. (2021) · BMC Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1186/s12879-021-05915-0 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Todt, B. C., Szlejf, C., Duim, E., Linhares, A. O. M., Kogiso, D., Varela, G., Campos, B. A., Fonseca, C. M. B., Polesso, L. E., Bordon, I. N. S., et al. (2021) · Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2021.106453 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Vardavas, C. I., Mathioudakis, A. G., Nikitara, K., Stamatelopoulos, K. S., Georgiopoulos, G. A., Phalkey, R. K., Leonardi‐Bee, J., Fernández, E., Carnicer-Pont, D., Vestbo, J., et al. (2022) · European Respiratory Review · doi:10.1183/16000617.0098-2022 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Seyahi, E., Bakhdiyarli, G., Öztaş, M., Kuşkucu, M. A., Tok, Y., Süt, N., Ozcifci, G., Özçağlayan, A., Balkan, İ. İ., Saltoğlu, N., et al. (2021) · Rheumatology International · doi:10.1007/s00296-021-04910-7 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
High risk groups for severe COVID-19 in a whole of population cohort in Australia
Liu, B. C., Spokes, P., He, W., & Kaldor, J. M. (2021) · BMC Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1186/s12879-021-06378-z · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Diabetes and COVID-19: Population Impact 18 Months Into the Pandemic
Gregg, E. W., Sophiea, M. K., & Weldegiorgis, M. (2021) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dci21-0001 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Ramzi, Z. S. (2021) · The American Journal of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2021.10.059 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Plasma Microbiome in COVID-19 Subjects: An Indicator of Gut Barrier Defects and Dysbiosis
Prasad, R., Patton, M. J., Floyd, J. L., Vieira, C. P., Fortmann, S., DuPont, M., Harbour, A., Jeremy, C. S., Wright, J., Lamendella, R., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23169141 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Incidence of SARS-CoV-2 in people with cystic fibrosis in Europe between February and June 2020
Naehrlich, L., Orenti, A., Dunlevy, F., Kasmi, I., Harutyunyan, S., Pfleger, A., Keegan, S., Daneau, G., Petrova, G., Tješić-Drinković, D., et al. (2021) · Journal of Cystic Fibrosis · doi:10.1016/j.jcf.2021.03.017 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Active pulmonary tuberculosis and coronavirus disease 2019: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Aggarwal, A. N., Agarwal, R., Dhooria, S., Prasad, K. T., Sehgal, I. S., & Muthu, V. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0259006 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Augustine, R., Abhilash, S., Nayeem, A., Salam, S. A., Augustine, P., Dan, P., Maureira, P., Mraiche, F., Gentile, C., Hansbro, P. M., et al. (2021) · Chemico-Biological Interactions · doi:10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109738 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Schäfer, A. A., Santos, L. P., Quadra, M. R., Dumith, S. C., & Meller, F. D. O. (2022) · Journal of Community Health · doi:10.1007/s10900-022-01085-5 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Prevalence and predictors of in-hospital mortality of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 infection
Khamis, F. A., Memish, Z. A., Bahrani, M. A., Dowaiki, S. A., Pandak, N., Bolushi, Z. A., Salmi, I. A., & Al-Zakwani, I. S. (2021) · Journal of Infection and Public Health · doi:10.1016/j.jiph.2021.03.016 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Staudt, A., Jörres, R. A., Hinterberger, T., Lehnen, N., Loew, T. H., & Budweiser, S. (2021) · European Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2021.10.031 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Citizen science in the time of COVID-19
Birkin, L. J., Vasileiou, E., & Stagg, H. R. (2021) · Thorax · doi:10.1136/thoraxjnl-2020-216673 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Nicotine upregulates ACE2 expression and increases competence for SARS-CoV-2 in human pneumocytes
Maggi, F., Rosellini, A., Spezia, P. G., Focosi, D., Macera, L., Lai, M., Pistello, M., de Iure, A., Tomino, C., Bonassi, S., et al. (2021) · ERJ Open Research · doi:10.1183/23120541.00713-2020 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Bassetti, M., Giacobbe, D. R., Bruzzi, P., Barisione, E., Centanni, S., Castaldo, N., Corcione, S., Rosa, F. G. D., Marco, F. D., Gori, A., et al. (2021) · Infectious Diseases and Therapy · doi:10.1007/s40121-021-00487-7 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Middleton, P. K., Hsu, C., & Lythgoe, M. P. (2021) · BMJ Open Gastroenterology · doi:10.1136/bmjgast-2021-000739 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
El impacto de la pandemia de COVID-19 sobre la salud. Informe SESPAS 2022
Torres-Cantero, A. M., León, E. E. Á., Morán‐Sánchez, I., Campillo, I. S. L., Bernal, E., Pereña, M. H., & Martínez-Morata, I. (2022) · Gaceta Sanitaria · doi:10.1016/j.gaceta.2022.02.008 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Bepouka, B. I., Mayasi, N., Mandina, M. N., Longokolo, M. M., Odio, O., Mangala, D. S., Mbula, M., Kayembe, J. M., & Situakibanza, H. N.-T. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0276008 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Mattey-Mora, P. P., Begle, C., Owusu, C. K., Chen, C., & Parker, M. A. (2021) · Reviews in Medical Virology · doi:10.1002/rmv.2306 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
COVID‐19‐related deaths among women of reproductive age in Brazil: The burden of postpartum
Knobel, R., Takemoto, M. L. S., Nakamura‐Pereira, M., Menezes, M. D. O., Borges, V. K., Katz, L., Amorim, M. M. R., & Andreucci, C. B. (2021) · International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics · doi:10.1002/ijgo.13811 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Khánh, V. C., Fukushige, M., Chang, Y. H., Hoang, N. N., Yamashita, T., Obata‐Yasuoka, M., Hamada, H., Osaka, M., Hiramatsu, Y., & Ohneda, O. (2021) · Stem Cells and Development · doi:10.1089/scd.2021.0065 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Guimarães, R. A., Policena, G. M., de Paula, H. D. S. C., Pedroso, C. F., Pinheiro, R. S., Itria, A., Neto, O. D. O. B., Teixeira, A. M., Silva, I. A., de Oliveira, G. A., et al. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0265458 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Degarege, A., Naveed, Z., Kabayundo, J., & Brett‐Major, D. M. (2022) · Pathogens · doi:10.3390/pathogens11050563 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
COVID-19 and liver dysfunction: Epidemiology, association and potential mechanisms
Du, M., Song, Y., Liu, M., & Liu, J. (2021) · Clinics and Research in Hepatology and Gastroenterology · doi:10.1016/j.clinre.2021.101793 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Țimpău, A. S., Miftode, R.-Ş., Petriş, A. O., Costache, I. I., Miftode, I.-L., Roşu, F. M., Anton-Păduraru, D.-T., Leca, D. A., & Miftode, E. G. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm11010058 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Endothelialitis, Microischemia, and Intussusceptive Angiogenesis in COVID-19Preprint
Mentzer, S. J., Ackermann, M., & Jonigk, D. D. (2022) · Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine · doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a041157 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Unexpectedly lower mortality rates in COVID-19 patients with and without type 2 diabetes in Istanbul
Satman, İ., Demirci, İ., Haymana, C., Taşçı, İ., Salman, S., Ata, N., Dağdelen, S., Sahin, I., Emral, R., Çakal, E., et al. (2021) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2021.108753 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Systemic sclerosis in the time of COVID-19
Hoffmann‐Vold, A., Distler, O., Bruni, C., Denton, C. P., de Vries-Bouwstra, J. K., Matucci‐Cerinic, M., Vonk, M. C., & Gabrielli, A. (2022) · The Lancet Rheumatology · doi:10.1016/s2665-9913(22)00130-8 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Pre-existing interstitial lung disease in patients with coronavirus disease 2019: A meta-analysis
Ouyang, L., Gong, J., & Yu, M. (2021) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108145 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
The Exposome and Immune Health in Times of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Morales, J. S., Valenzuela, P. L., Castillo‐García, A., Butragueño, J., Jiménez‐Pavón, D., Carrera‐Bastos, P., & Lucía, A. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14010024 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Diabetes and deaths of COVID-19 patients: Systematic review of meta-analyses
Garg, A., Posa, M. K., & Kumar, A. (2023) · Health Sciences Review · doi:10.1016/j.hsr.2023.100099 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Flaatten, H. K., Guidet, B., de Lange, D. W., Beil, M., Leaver, S. K., Fjølner, J., van Heerden, P. V., Sviri, S., Szczeklik, W., & Jung, C. (2021) · Journal of Critical Care · doi:10.1016/j.jcrc.2021.10.024 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Gliske, K., Welsh, J. W., Braughton, J., Waller, L. A., & Ngo, Q. (2022) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/36263 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Animal models to study the neurological manifestations of the post-COVID-19 condition
Usai, C., Mateu, L., Brander, C., Vergara‐Alert, J., & Segalés, J. (2023) · Lab Animal · doi:10.1038/s41684-023-01231-z · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Management of Patients With Glucocorticoid-Related Diseases and COVID-19
Chifu, I. O., Detomas, M., Dischinger, U., Kimpel, O., Megerle, F., Hahner, S., Faßnacht, M., & Altieri, B. (2021) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2021.705214 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Zlacká, J., Stebelová, K., Zeman, M., & Herichová, I. (2021) · Physiological Research · doi:10.33549/physiolres.934754 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Reyna‐Villasmil, E., Caponcello, M. G., Maldonado, N. A., Olivares, P., Caroccia, N., Bonazzetti, C., Tazza, B., Carrara, E., Giannella, M., Tacconelli, E., et al. (2022) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines10102437 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Genovesi, S., Rebora, P., Occhino, G., Rossi, E., Maloberti, A., Belli, M., Bonfanti, P., Giannattasio, C., Rossetti, C., Epis, O. M., et al. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm10184108 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Andreen, N., Andersson, L., Sundell, N., Gustavsson, L., & Westin, J. (2022) · Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1080/23744235.2022.2050422 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Cardiovascular Dysfunction in COVID-19: Association Between Endothelial Cell Injury and Lactate
Yang, K., Holt, M., Fan, M., Lam, V. L., Yang, Y., Ha, T., Williams, D. L., Li, C., & Wang, X. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.868679 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Bagnato, G., Imbalzano, E., Aragona, C. O., Ioppolo, C., Micco, P. D., Rosa, D. L., Costa, F., Micari, A., Tomeo, S., Zirilli, N., et al. (2022) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina58040530 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Wu, J., Liu, M., Liu, T., Chuang, M., Hsu, W., Huang, P., Tsai, Y., & Lai, C. (2023) · International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents · doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2023.106984 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Bonifazi, M., Mei, F., Skrami, E., Latini, L. L., Amico, D., Balestro, E., Bini, F., Bonifazi, F., Caminati, A., Candoli, P., et al. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm10061218 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Assessment and Management of Diabetic Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Verma, A. K., Beg, M. M. A., Bhatt, D., Dev, K., Alsahli, M. A., Rahmani, A. H., & Goyal, Y. (2021) · Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity · doi:10.2147/dmso.s285614 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Meintrup, D., Borgmann, S., Seidl, K., Stecher, M., Koll, C. E. M., Pilgram, L., Spinner, C. D., Rieg, S., Isberner, N., Hower, M., et al. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm10173855 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Alhakak, A., Butt, J. H., Gerds, T. A., Fosbøl, E. L., Mogensen, U. M., Krøll, J., Pallisgaard, J. L., Gislason, G., Torp-Pedersen, C. T., Køber, L., et al. (2021) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.14604 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Association of polymorphisms in long pentraxin 3 and its plasma levels with COVID-19 severity
Feitosa, T. A., Sá, M. V. D. S., Pereira, V. C., Cavalcante, M. K. D. A., Pereira, V. R. A., Armstrong, A. D. C., & do Carmo, R. F. (2022) · Clinical and Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10238-022-00926-w · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Hall, J. K., Bates, J. H. T., Casey, D. T., Bartolák‐Suki, E., Lutchen, K. R., & Suki, B. (2023) · Frontiers in Network Physiology · doi:10.3389/fnetp.2023.1124223 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
The controversial effect of smoking and nicotine in SARS-CoV-2 infection
Salehi, Z., Gh, B. F. N. M., Nourian, Y. H., Jamalkandi, S. A., & Ghanei, M. (2023) · Allergy Asthma and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1186/s13223-023-00797-0 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Dananché, C., Elias, C., Hénaff, L., Amour, S., Kuczewski, E., Gustin, M., Escuret, V., Saadatian‐Elahi, M., & Vanhems, P. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0261428 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Świstek, M., Broncel, M., Gorzelak‐Pabiś, P., Morawski, P., Fabiś, M., & Woźniak, E. (2022) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.1016/j.eprac.2022.02.006 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Sahin, I., Haymana, C., Demir, T., Demirci, İ., Taşçı, İ., Atmaca, A. A., Çakal, E., Ata, N., Emral, R., Ünlütürk, U., et al. (2021) · Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes · doi:10.1055/a-1552-4449 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Assessment of COVID-19 progression on day 5 from symptoms onset
Gentilotti, E., Savoldi, A., Compri, M., Górska, A., Nardo, P. D., Visentin, A., Be, G., Razzaboni, E., Soriolo, N., Meneghin, D., et al. (2021) · BMC Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1186/s12879-021-06596-5 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Reyes, C., Pistillo, A., Fernández‐Bertolín, S., Recalde, M., Roel, E., Puente, D., Sena, A. G., Blacketer, C., Lai, L. Y. H., Alshammari, T. M., et al. (2021) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-057632 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Chronic alcohol consumption and COVID ‐19 infection risk: A narrative review
Friske, M. M., & Spanagel, R. (2023) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/acer.15041 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Impact of COVID‐19 pandemic on the size of US transplant waiting lists
Miller, J. M., Wey, A. R., Valapour, M., Hart, A., Musgrove, D. R., Hirose, R., Ahn, Y. S., Israni, A. K., & Snyder, J. J. (2022) · Clinical Transplantation · doi:10.1111/ctr.14596 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Nguyen, J. L., Alfred, T., Reimbaeva, M., Malhotra, D., Khan, F. L., Swerdlow, D. L., & Angulo, F. J. (2022) · Open Forum Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/ofid/ofac099 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Friske, M. M., Giannone, F., Senger, M., Seitz, R., Hansson, A. C., & Spanagel, R. (2023) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/acer.14981 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Does vaping increase the likelihood of SARS-CoV-2 infection? Paradoxically yes and no
Phandthong, R., Wong, M., Song, A., Martínez, T., & Talbot, P. (2023) · American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajplung.00300.2022 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Syndemics at play: chronic kidney disease, diabetes and COVID-19 in Pakistan
Ali, I. (2021) · Annals of Medicine · doi:10.1080/07853890.2021.1910335 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Fernández‐Martínez, N. F., Ortiz-González-Serna, R., Serrano-Ortiz, Á., Rivera‐Izquierdo, M., Ruiz-Montero, R., Pérez-Contreras, M., de Alba, I. G.-F., Romero-Duarte, Á., & Salcedo-Leal, I. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18179018 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Impact of Asthma on Severity and Outcomes in COVID-19
Aggarwal, A. N., Agarwal, R., Dhooria, S., Prasad, K. T., Sehgal, I. S., & Muthu, V. (2021) · Respiratory Care · doi:10.4187/respcare.09113 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Alfadda, A. A., Alkhowaiter, M., Alotaibi, N. H., Alayed, K. M., Alzahrani, M. F., Binkhamis, K. M., Siddiqui, K., Youssef, A. M., Altalhi, H., AlMaghlouth, I. A., et al. (2021) · Journal of Infection and Public Health · doi:10.1016/j.jiph.2021.09.014 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Roddy, J. T., Wells, D., Schenck, K., Santosh, S., & Santosh, S. (2022) · Critical Care Explorations · doi:10.1097/cce.0000000000000702 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Liver pathology in COVID-19 related death and leading role of autopsy in the pandemic
Zanon, M., Neri, M., Pizzolitto, S., Radaelli, D., Concato, M., Peruch, M., & D’Errico, S. (2023) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.v29.i1.200 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Salisu-Olatunji, S. O., Chudasama, Y., Kaur, N., Kayani, Z., Odugbemi, B. A., Bolodeoku, O. E., Konnor, S. A., Vounzoulaki, E., Bhattacharjee, A., Fahami, R., et al. (2024) · Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine · doi:10.1177/01410768241261507 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Mortality and Clinical Outcomes among Patients with COVID-19 and Diabetes
Kantroo, V., Kanwar, M. S., Goyal, P., Rosha, D., Modi, N., Bansal, A., Ansari, A. P., WANGNOO, S. K., Sobti, S., Kansal, S., et al. (2021) · Medical Sciences · doi:10.3390/medsci9040065 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Tsundue, T., Namdon, T., Tsewang, T., Topgyal, S., Dolma, T., Lhadon, D., Choetso, T., Woesal, T., Yangkyi, T., Gupta, A., et al. (2022) · BMJ Global Health · doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2021-008271 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationMamudu, H. M., Adzrago, D., Odame, E., Dada, O. M., Nriagu, V. C., Paul, T., Weierbach, F. M., Dowling-McClay, K., Stewart, D. W., Adams, J., et al. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0279442 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Leung, D., Cohen, C. A., Mu, X., Duque, J. S. R., Cheng, S. M. S., Wang, X., Wang, M., Zhang, W., Zhang, Y., Tam, I. Y. S., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4115862 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Yang, H., Xu, J., Liang, X., Shi, L., & Wang, Y. (2021) · Hepatology International · doi:10.1007/s12072-020-10133-y · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Ghislain, M. R., Muzumbukilwa, T. W., & Magula, N. P. (2023) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000034405 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Disparities of SARS-CoV-2 Nucleoprotein-Specific IgG in Healthcare Workers in East London, UK
Choudhry, N., Drysdale, K., Usai, C., Leighton, D., Sonagara, V. J., Buchanan, R., Nijjar, M., Thomas, S., Hopkins, M. J., Cutiño‐Moguel, T., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2021.642723 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Safety of Antithymocyte Globulin Use in Kidney Graft Recipients During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Kolonko, A., & Więcek, A. (2021) · Annals of Transplantation · doi:10.12659/aot.933001 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Younger age is associated with cardiovascular pathological phenotype of severe COVID-19 at autopsy
Giugni, F., Duarte‐Neto, A. N., da Silva, L. F. F., Monteiro, R. A. D. A., Mauad, T., Saldiva, P. H. N., & Dolhnikoff, M. (2024) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2023.1327415 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Krishnan, A., Kumar, R., Amarchand, R., Mohan, A., Kant, R., Agarwal, A., Kulshreshtha, P., Panda, P. K., Bhadoria, A. S., Agarwal, N., et al. (2023) · American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · doi:10.4269/ajtmh.22-0705 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Koppe, U., Wilking, H., Harder, T., Haas, W., Rexroth, U., & Hamouda, O. (2021) · Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz · doi:10.1007/s00103-021-03391-0 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Avaliação da Disfunção Endotelial em Casos de COVID-19 com Dilatação Fluxo-Mediada
Mansıroğlu, A. K., Seymen, H., Sıncer, İ., & Güneş, Y. (2022) · Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia · doi:10.36660/abc.20210561 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Silva, É. C. G. E., Schmitt, A. C. B., de Godoy, C. G., Gambeta, A. C., Carvalho, C. R. F., Fu, C., Tanaka, C., Toufen, C., de Carvalho, C. R. R., & Pompeu, J. E. (2022) · Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.clinsp.2022.100075 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Li, H., Jia, X., Wang, Y., Lv, Y., Wang, J., Zhai, Y., & Xue, X. (2023) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2023.1238713 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Predictors of COVID-19 in an outpatient fever clinic
Trübner, F., Steigert, L., Echterdiek, F., Jung, N., Schmidt-Hellerau, K., Zoller, W. G., Frick, J.-S., Feng, Y., & Paul, G. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0254990 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Donders, M.-C., van der Sleen, J. M., Kleinbergen, Y. J., Su, N., de Lange, J., & Loos, B. G. (2021) · Advances in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.adoms.2021.100223 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Valladales‐Restrepo, L. F., Giraldo-Correa, J. A., Aristizábal-Carmona, B. S., Constain‐Mosquera, C. A., Sabogal-Ortiz, A., & Machado‐Alba, J. E. (2022) · Antibiotics · doi:10.3390/antibiotics11030333 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
The Course of COVID-19 in Patients with Systemic Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases
Rorat, M., Zarębska‐Michaluk, D., Kowalska, J. D., Kujawa, K., Rogalska, M., Kozielewicz, D., Lorenc, B., Sikorska, K., Czupryna, P., Bolewska, B., et al. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm11247342 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Tomioka, K., Uno, K., & Yamada, M. (2023) · Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1265/ehpm.22-00199 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Liatsos, G. D. (2023) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.v29.i16.2397 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Human Coronaviruses: Counteracting the Damage by Storm
Schoeman, D., & Fielding, B. C. (2021) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v13081457 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Sattar, Y., Sandhyavenu, H., Patel, N. N., Victor, V., Patel, D., Hussain, B., Titus, A., Thyagaturu, H. S., Alraiyes, M., Atti, L., et al. (2023) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2023.01.004 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Crosstalk between COVID-19 Infection and Kidney Diseases: A Review on the Metabolomic Approaches
Murali, R., Wanjari, U. R., Mukherjee, A. G., Gopalakrishnan, A. V., Kannampuzha, S., Namachivayam, A., Madhyastha, H., Renu, K., & Ganesan, R. (2023) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines11020489 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
COVID‐19 in heart transplant recipients—A seroprevalence survey
Patel, S. R., Gjelaj, C., Fletcher, R., Luke, A., Paschenko, A., Farooq, M., Saeed, O., Vukelic, S., & Jorde, U. P. (2021) · Clinical Transplantation · doi:10.1111/ctr.14329 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Air quality in Germany as a contributing factor to morbidity from COVID-19
Koch, S., Hoffmann, C., Caseiro, A., Ledebur, M., Menk, M., & von Schneidemesser, E. (2022) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2022.113896 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
- Authors
- Dorjee, K., Kim, H., Bonomo, E., & Dolma, R.
- Affiliations
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Brown University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Dorjee, Kunchok
- Venue
- PLOS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2020-12-07
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- e0243191
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7721151
- OpenAlex
- W3111018862
- Cited by
- 216
- References
- 123
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 44 · 2022: 60 · 2021: 70
- FWCI
- 2.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- medRxiv (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (K01AI148583)
- UNOPS STOP TB PARTNERSHIP TB REACH (STBP/TBREACH/GSA/W7-7692)
- Johns Hopkins Alliance for a Healthier World (80045453)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Long-Term Effects of COVID-19
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › COVID-19 and healthcare impacts
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, hospitalized patients, mortality, case fatality, risk factors, severe illness, chronic kidney disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic liver disease, smoking, old age, sex differences, comorbidities, SARS-CoV-2, risk prediction model, prognostic factors, prognostic score, prognostic score 2
- MeSH terms
- COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Age Factors, China, Diabetes Mellitus, Europe, Female, Heart Diseases, Hospitalization, Humans, Hypertension, Male, Risk Factors, Smoking, United States, Comorbidity, Prevalence, Coronavirus Infections, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic, Pandemics
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
