Are ghettos good or bad?
Abstract
Spatial separation of racial and ethnic groups may theoretically have positive or negative effects on the economic performance of those groups. We examine the effects of segregation on outcomes for blacks in schooling, employment, and single parenthood. We find that blacks in more segregated areas have significantly worse outcomes than blacks in less segregated areas. We control for the endogeneity of location choice using instruments based on political factors, topographical features, and residence before adulthood. A one standard deviation decrease in segregation would eliminate one-third of the black-white differences in most of our outcomes.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Ending racial residential segregation would completely eliminate racial differences, among young adults, in income, education, and unemployment and reduce gaps in single motherhood by two-thirds.
“ending racial residential segregation would completely eliminate racial differences, among young adults, in income, education, and unemployment and reduce gaps in single motherhood by two-thirds [36].”
From Reducing Racial Inequities in Health: Using What We Already Know to Take Action (2019) · cites this paper as [36]
Cites
The Quarterly Journal of Economics
Kuznets, S. (2024) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781003549741-8 · Cited by 7,177 · see citing works
American Apartheid: Segregation and the Making of the Underclass.
Fernández, R. M., Massey, D. S., & Denton, N. A. (1993) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2074502 · Cited by 6,208 · see citing works
Noble, C. (1988) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.2307/1961794 · Cited by 6,175 · see citing works
EQUALITY OF EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITY
Coleman, J. S. (1968) · Equity & Excellence in Education · doi:10.1080/0020486680060504 · Cited by 5,326 · see citing works
Moffitt, R. (2009) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/aer.99.2.660 · Cited by 4,888 · see citing works
Housing Segregation, Negro Employment, and Metropolitan Decentralization
Kain, J. F. (1968) · The Quarterly Journal of Economics · doi:10.2307/1885893 · Cited by 2,090 · see citing works
Glaeser, E. L., Sacerdote, B., & Scheinkman, J. A. (1996) · The Quarterly Journal of Economics · doi:10.2307/2946686 · Cited by 1,799 · see citing works
Self-citationGlazer, N., & Moynihan, D. P. (1963) · Cited by 970 · see citing works
Lazear, E. P. (1995) · Journal of Political Economy · doi:10.1086/250105 · Cited by 923 · see citing works
Workings of a City: Location, Education, and Production
Bénabou, R. (1991) · The Quarterly Journal of Economics · doi:10.2307/2118403 · Cited by 794 · see citing works
Ethnicity, Neighborhoods, and Human-Capital Externalities
Borjas, G. J., & Chiswick, B. R. (2019) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198788072.003.0012 · Cited by 636 · see citing works
The Spatial Mismatch Hypothesis: What Has the Evidence Shown?
Holzer, H. J. (1991) · Urban Studies · doi:10.1080/00420989120080071 · Cited by 593 · see citing works
Urban Industrial Transition and the Underclass
Kasarda, J. D. (1989) · The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science · doi:10.1177/0002716289501001002 · Cited by 548 · see citing works
Terrible Honesty: Mongrel Manhattan in the 1920s
Shiffman, D., & Douglas, A. (1996) · Rocky Mountain Review of Language and Literature · doi:10.2307/1348238 · Cited by 453 · see citing works
Job Accessibility and Racial Differences in Youth Employment Rates
Ihlanfeldt, K. R., & Sjoquist, D. L. (1990) · American Economic Review · Cited by 264 · see citing works
Journal of Urban Economics 62 (1) (2007)
Rosenthal, S. S., & Strange, W. C. (2007) · Journal of Urban Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jue.2007.05.001 · Cited by 264 · see citing works
The Spatial Mismatch Hypothesis: Are There Teenage Jobs Missing in the Ghetto?
Ellwood, D. T. (1983) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w1188 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Demographic Characteristics and the Public Bundle
Cutler, D., Elmendorf, D. W., & Zeckhauser, R. (1993) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w4283 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Self-citationResidential segregation and interracial economic disparities: A simultaneous-equations approach
Galster, G. (1987) · Journal of Urban Economics · doi:10.1016/0094-1190(87)90020-9 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Teenage Employment and the Spatial Isolation of Minority and Poverty Households
O’Regan, K. M., & Quigley, J. M. (1996) · The Journal of Human Resources · doi:10.2307/146272 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
The Rise and Decline of the American Ghetto
Cutler, D., Glaeser, E. L., & Vigdor, J. L. (1997) · Journal of Political Economy · doi:10.1086/250069 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Self-citationSpatial Effects Upon Employment Outcomes: The Case of New Jersey TeenagersPreprint
O’Regan, K. M., & Quigley, J. M. (1998) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.97788 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 23 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
(2001) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 27,577 · see citing works
Racial Residential Segregation: A Fundamental Cause of Racial Disparities in Health
Williams, D. R., & Collins, C. (2001) · Public Health Reports · doi:10.1093/phr/116.5.404 · Cited by 3,065 · see citing works
Where is the land of Opportunity? The Geography of Intergenerational Mobility in the United States *
Chetty, R., Hendren, N., Kline, P., & Saez, E. (2014) · The Quarterly Journal of Economics · doi:10.1093/qje/qju022 · Cited by 2,922 · see citing works
Racism and health: evidence and needed research
Williams, D. R., Lawrence, J. A., & Davis, B. A. (2019) · Annual Review of Public Health · doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040218-043750 · Cited by 2,398 · see citing works
Alesina, A., & La Ferrara, E. (2002) · Journal of Public Economics · doi:10.1016/s0047-2727(01)00084-6 · Cited by 2,329 · see citing works
Chetty, R., Hendren, N., & Katz, L. F. (2016) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/aer.20150572 · Cited by 2,315 · see citing works
Participation in Heterogeneous Communities*
Alesina, A., & La Ferrara, E. (2000) · Quarterly Journal of Economics · doi:10.1162/003355300554935 · Cited by 1,864 · see citing works
Racism and Health I: Pathways and Scientific Evidence
Williams, D. R., & Mohammed, S. A. (2013) · American Behavioral Scientist · doi:10.1177/0002764213487340 · Cited by 1,336 · see citing works
The Dynamics of Racial Residential Segregation
Charles, C. Z. (2003) · Annual Review of Sociology · doi:10.1146/annurev.soc.29.010202.100002 · Cited by 1,244 · see citing works
Moving to Opportunity in Boston: Early Results of a Randomized Mobility Experiment
Katz, L. F., Kling, J. R., & Liebman, J. B. (2001) · The Quarterly Journal of Economics · doi:10.1162/00335530151144113 · Cited by 1,115 · see citing works
Job Information Networks, Neighborhood Effects, and Inequality
Ioannides, Y. M., & Loury, L. D. (2004) · Journal of Economic Literature · doi:10.1257/0022051043004595 · Cited by 1,080 · see citing works
Income Inequality and Income Segregation
Reardon, S. F., & Bischoff, K. (2011) · American Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1086/657114 · Cited by 1,067 · see citing works
Williams, D. R. (2018) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.1177/0022146518814251 · Cited by 1,014 · see citing works
The economic value of cultural diversity: evidence from US cities
Ottaviano, G. I. P., & Peri, G. (2005) · Journal of Economic Geography · doi:10.1093/jeg/lbi002 · Cited by 982 · see citing works
Social Sources Of Racial Disparities In Health
Williams, D. R., & Jackson, P. B. (2005) · Health Affairs · doi:10.1377/hlthaff.24.2.325 · Cited by 943 · see citing works
The Fundamental Law of Road Congestion: Evidence from US Cities
Duranton, G., & Turner, M. A. (2011) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/aer.101.6.2616 · Cited by 937 · see citing works
Ethnic Enclaves and the Economic Success of Immigrants--Evidence from a Natural Experiment
Edin, P., Fredriksson, P., & Åslund, O. (2003) · The Quarterly Journal of Economics · doi:10.1162/00335530360535225 · Cited by 919 · see citing works
Understanding how discrimination can affect health
Williams, D. R., Lawrence, J. A., Davis, B. A., & Vu, C. (2019) · Health Services Research · doi:10.1111/1475-6773.13222 · Cited by 853 · see citing works
Race and Economic Opportunity in the United States: an Intergenerational Perspective*
Chetty, R., Hendren, N., Jones, M. R., & Porter, S. R. (2020) · The Quarterly Journal of Economics · doi:10.1093/qje/qjz042 · Cited by 842 · see citing works
Environmental Health Disparities: A Framework Integrating Psychosocial and Environmental Concepts
Gee, G. C., & Payne-Sturges, D. C. (2004) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.7074 · Cited by 821 · see citing works
Glaeser, E. L. (1998) · The Journal of Economic Perspectives · doi:10.1257/jep.12.2.139 · Cited by 743 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Impacts of Neighborhoods on Intergenerational Mobility II: County-Level Estimates*
Chetty, R., & Hendren, N. (2018) · The Quarterly Journal of Economics · doi:10.1093/qje/qjy006 · Cited by 726 · see citing works
Place of Work and Place of Residence: Informal Hiring Networks and Labor Market Outcomes
Bayer, P. J., Ross, S. L., & Topa, G. (2008) · Journal of Political Economy · doi:10.1086/595975 · Cited by 713 · see citing works
Ihlanfeldt, K. R., & Sjoquist, D. L. (1998) · Housing Policy Debate · doi:10.1080/10511482.1998.9521321 · Cited by 696 · see citing works
Social capital I: measurement and associations with economic mobility
Chetty, R., Jackson, M. O., Kuchler, T., Stroebel, J., Hendren, N., Fluegge, R. B., Gong, S., González, F. Z., Grondin, A., Jacob, M., et al. (2022) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-022-04996-4 · Cited by 685 · see citing works
Tipping and the Dynamics of Segregation*
Card, D., Mas, A., & Rothstein, J. M. (2008) · The Quarterly Journal of Economics · doi:10.1162/qjec.2008.123.1.177 · Cited by 681 · see citing works
Segregation and the Quality of Government in a Cross Section of Countries
Alesina, A., & Zhuravskaya, E. V. (2011) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/aer.101.5.1872 · Cited by 660 · see citing works
MOSTLY POINTLESS SPATIAL ECONOMETRICS?*
Gibbons, S., & Overman, H. G. (2012) · Journal of Regional Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9787.2012.00760.x · Cited by 632 · see citing works
The Mechanisms of Spatial Mismatch
Gobillon, L., Selod, H., & Zénou, Y. (2007) · Urban Studies · doi:10.1080/00420980701540937 · Cited by 567 · see citing works
Brock, W., & Durlauf, S. N. (2000) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/t0258 · Cited by 565 · see citing works
Is Segregation Bad for Your Health?
Kramer, M. R., & Hogue, C. (2009) · Epidemiologic Reviews · doi:10.1093/epirev/mxp001 · Cited by 515 · see citing works
Socioeconomic school segregation in a market-oriented educational system. The case of Chile
Valenzuela, J. P., Belleï, C., & Ríos, D. D. L. (2013) · Journal of Education Policy · doi:10.1080/02680939.2013.806995 · Cited by 501 · see citing works
Race and Economic Opportunity in the United States: An Intergenerational Perspective
Chetty, R., Hendren, N., Jones, M. R., & Porter, S. R. (2018) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w24441 · Cited by 501 · see citing works
Holzer, H. J., & Neumark, D. (1999) · Journal of Economic Literature · doi:10.1257/jel.38.3.483 · Cited by 493 · see citing works
Missing Marcuse: On gentrification and displacement
Slater, T. (2009) · City · doi:10.1080/13604810902982250 · Cited by 492 · see citing works
Osher, D., Cantor, P., Berg, J., Steyer, L., & Rose, T. (2020) · Applied Developmental Science · doi:10.1080/10888691.2017.1398650 · Cited by 484 · see citing works
“They can also be indirect, such as the impacts of housing segregation on the differential resources available for schools under local funding formulas (Cutler & Glaeser, 1997).”
BackgroundSobel, M. E. (2006) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.1198/016214506000000636 · Cited by 468 · see citing works
Small, M. L., & Newman, K. S. (2001) · Annual Review of Sociology · doi:10.1146/annurev.soc.27.1.23 · Cited by 466 · see citing works
Behavioral Economics and Public Policy: A Pragmatic Perspective
Chetty, R. (2015) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/aer.p20151108 · Cited by 495 · see citing works
The estimation of neighborhood effects in the social sciences: An interdisciplinary approach
Dietz, R. D. (2002) · Social Science Research · doi:10.1016/s0049-089x(02)00005-4 · Cited by 447 · see citing works
Ethnic Enclaves and Immigrant Labor Market Outcomes: Quasi‐Experimental Evidence
Damm, A. P. (2009) · Journal of Labor Economics · doi:10.1086/599336 · Cited by 434 · see citing works
Segregation by Design: Local Politics and Inequality in American Cities
Trounstine, J. (2018) · doi:10.1017/9781108555722 · Cited by 428 · see citing works
Hanushek, E. A., Kain, J. F., & Rivkin, S. G. (2009) · Journal of Labor Economics · doi:10.1086/600386 · Cited by 425 · see citing works
Political Jurisdictions in Heterogeneous Communities
Alesina, A., Baqir, R., & Hoxby, C. (2000) · Journal of Political Economy · doi:10.1086/381474 · Cited by 425 · see citing works
Reducing Racial Inequities in Health: Using What We Already Know to Take Action
Williams, D. R., & Cooper, L. A. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16040606 · Cited by 415 · see citing works
An Economic Analysis of "Acting White"
Austen‐Smith, D., & Fryer, R. G. (2005) · The Quarterly Journal of Economics · doi:10.1093/qje/120.2.551 · Cited by 406 · see citing works
Was Postwar Suburbanization “White Flight”? Evidence from the Black Migration *
Boustan, L. P. (2010) · The Quarterly Journal of Economics · doi:10.1162/qjec.2010.125.1.417 · Cited by 399 · see citing works
Brock, W. A., & Durlauf, S. N. (2001) · Handbook of econometrics · doi:10.1016/s1573-4412(01)05007-3 · Cited by 385 · see citing works
Chetty, R., Hendren, N., & Katz, L. F. (2015) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w21156 · Cited by 381 · see citing works
Lee, B. A., Reardon, S. F., Firebaugh, G., Farrell, C. R., Matthews, S. A., & O’Sullivan, D. (2008) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.1177/000312240807300504 · Cited by 373 · see citing works
Racial Discrimination in the Labor Market: Theory and Empirics
Lang, K., & Lehmann, J.-Y. K. (2012) · Journal of Economic Literature · doi:10.1257/jel.50.4.959 · Cited by 365 · see citing works
The Collapse of the Soviet Union and the Productivity of American Mathematicians*
Borjas, G. J., & Doran, K. B. (2012) · The Quarterly Journal of Economics · doi:10.1093/qje/qjs015 · Cited by 356 · see citing works
Segregation, Racial Structure, and Neighborhood Violent Crime
Krivo, L. J., Peterson, R. D., & Kuhl, D. C. (2009) · American Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1086/597285 · Cited by 355 · see citing works
Early Childhood Adversity, Toxic Stress, and the Impacts of Racism on the Foundations of Health
Shonkoff, J. P., Slopen, N. B., & Williams, D. R. (2021) · Annual Review of Public Health · doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-090419-101940 · Cited by 356 · see citing works
Agrawal, A. K., Galasso, A., & Oettl, A. (2014) · The Review of Economics and Statistics · doi:10.1162/rest_a_00619 · Cited by 353 · see citing works
The Child Opportunity Index: Improving Collaboration Between Community Development And Public Health
Acevedo‐García, D., McArdle, N., Hardy, E. F., Crisan, U. I., Romano, B., Norris, D., Baek, M., & Reece, J. (2014) · Health Affairs · doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2014.0679 · Cited by 352 · see citing works
Does Socioeconomic Status Matter? Race, Class, and Residential Segregation
Iceland, J., & Wilkes, R. (2006) · Social Problems · doi:10.1525/sp.2006.53.2.248 · Cited by 345 · see citing works
Do Enclaves Matter in Immigrant Adjustment?
Chiswick Barry, R., & Miller, P. W. (2005) · City and Community · doi:10.1111/j.1535-6841.2005.00101.x · Cited by 338 · see citing works
Racial/ethnic residential segregation: Framing the context of health risk and health disparities
White, K., & Borrell, L. N. (2010) · Health & Place · doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2010.12.002 · Cited by 328 · see citing works
Social determinants: taking the social context of asthma seriously
Williams, D. R., Sternthal, M., & Wright, R. J. (2009) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2008-2233h · Cited by 319 · see citing works
Behaviour, Preferences and Cities: Urban Theory and Urban Resurgence
Storper, M., & Manville, M. (2006) · Urban Studies · doi:10.1080/00420980600775642 · Cited by 319 · see citing works
Galton versus the Human Capital Approach to Inheritance
Mulligan, C. B. (1999) · Journal of Political Economy · doi:10.1086/250108 · Cited by 313 · see citing works
Harris, D. (1999) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2657496 · Cited by 311 · see citing works
Fischer, C. S., Stockmayer, G., Stiles, J., & Hout, M. (2004) · Demography · doi:10.1353/dem.2004.0002 · Cited by 311 · see citing works
Where is the Land of Opportunity? The Geography of Intergenerational Mobility in the United States
Chetty, R., Hendren, N., Kline, P., & Saez, E. (2014) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w19843 · Cited by 311 · see citing works
Can You Move to Opportunity? Evidence from the Great Migration
Derenoncourt, E. (2022) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/aer.20200002 · Cited by 304 · see citing works
The Changing Terrain of Race and Ethnicity
Krysan, M., & Lewis, A. E. (2004) · Cited by 297 · see citing works
Foreclosing on Opportunity: State Laws and Mortgage Credit
Pence, K. M. (2006) · The Review of Economics and Statistics · doi:10.1162/rest.2006.88.1.177 · Cited by 296 · see citing works
Schelling's spatial proximity model of segregation revisited
Pancs, R., & Vriend, N. J. (2006) · Journal of Public Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jpubeco.2006.03.008 · Cited by 295 · see citing works
Estimating Housing Demand With an Application to Explaining Racial Segregation in Cities
Bajari, P., & Kahn, M. E. (2004) · Journal of Business and Economic Statistics · doi:10.1198/073500104000000334 · Cited by 294 · see citing works
Income Segregation between School Districts and Inequality in Students’ Achievement
Owens, A. M. D. (2017) · Sociology of Education · doi:10.1177/0038040717741180 · Cited by 291 · see citing works
Racial Segregation and the Black-White Test Score Gap,
Card, D., & Rothstein, J. (2007) · Journal of Public Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jpubeco.2007.03.006 · Cited by 460 · see citing works
Chapter 50 Neighborhood effects
Durlauf, S. N. (2004) · Handbook of regional and urban economics · doi:10.1016/s1574-0080(04)80007-5 · Cited by 290 · see citing works
Crowder, K. D., & Downey, L. C. (2010) · American Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1086/649576 · Cited by 289 · see citing works
Does Immigration Affect the Long‐Term Educational Outcomes of Natives? Quasi‐Experimental Evidence
Gould, E. D., Lavy, V., & Paserman, M. D. (2009) · The Economic Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1468-0297.2009.02271.x · Cited by 286 · see citing works
COVID-19 and Health Equity—A New Kind of “Herd Immunity”
Williams, D. R., & Cooper, L. A. (2020) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2020.8051 · Cited by 285 · see citing works
Education, Social Cohesion, and Economic Growth
Gradstein, M., & Justman, M. (2002) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/00028280260344722 · Cited by 284 · see citing works
A Measure of Segregation Based on Social Interactions
Echenique, F., & Fryer, R. G. (2007) · The Quarterly Journal of Economics · doi:10.1162/qjec.122.2.441 · Cited by 284 · see citing works
INEQUALITY AND THE MEASUREMENT OF RESIDENTIAL SEGREGATION BY INCOME IN AMERICAN NEIGHBORHOODS
Watson, T. E. (2009) · Review of Income and Wealth · doi:10.1111/j.1475-4991.2009.00346.x · Cited by 281 · see citing works
School Choice with Controlled Choice Constraints: Hard Bounds Versus Soft Bounds
Ehlers, L., Hafalir, I. E., Yenmez, M. B., & Yıldırım, M. A. (2011) · Journal of Economic Theory · doi:10.1016/j.jet.2014.03.004 · Cited by 269 · see citing works
The Geography of Racial/Ethnic Test Score Gaps
Reardon, S. F., Kalogrides, D., & Shores, K. (2019) · American Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1086/700678 · Cited by 266 · see citing works
How well do patent citations measure flows of technology? Evidence from French innovation surveys
Haurin, D. R., Dietz, R. D., & Weinberg, B. A. (2005) · Economics of Innovation and New Technology · doi:10.1080/1043859042000307347 · Cited by 265 · see citing works
LOGAN, J. R., Minca, E., & Adar, S. (2012) · Sociology of Education · doi:10.1177/0038040711431588 · Cited by 259 · see citing works
Hanson, A., & Hawley, Z. B. (2011) · Journal of Urban Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jue.2011.02.003 · Cited by 254 · see citing works
When are ghettos bad? Lessons from immigrant segregation in the United States
Cutler, D., Glaeser, E. L., & Vigdor, J. L. (2007) · Journal of Urban Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jue.2007.08.003 · Cited by 254 · see citing works
Self-citationHomeownership in the immigrant population
Borjas, G. J. (2002) · Journal of Urban Economics · doi:10.1016/s0094-1190(02)00529-6 · Cited by 253 · see citing works
Black Middle-Class Neighborhoods
Pattillo, M. E. (2005) · Annual Review of Sociology · doi:10.1146/annurev.soc.29.010202.095956 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
The Geography of Ethnic Residential Segregation: A Comparative Study of Five Countries
Johnston, R. J., Poulsen, M., & Forrest, J. (2007) · Annals of the Association of American Geographers · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8306.2007.00579.x · Cited by 250 · see citing works
Lichter, D. T., Parisi, D., Taquino, M. C., & Grice, S. M. (2009) · Social Science Research · doi:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2009.08.006 · Cited by 248 · see citing works
Small, M. L., & McDermott, M. (2006) · Social Forces · doi:10.1353/sof.2006.0067 · Cited by 248 · see citing works
Billings, S. B., Deming, D. J., & Rockoff, J. E. (2013) · The Quarterly Journal of Economics · doi:10.1093/qje/qjt026 · Cited by 248 · see citing works
Subramanian, S. V., Acevedo‐García, D., & Osypuk, T. L. (2004) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.08.040 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
Neighborhood Attributes as Determinants of Children's Outcomes: How Robust Are the Relationships?
Ginther, D. K., HAVEMAN, R. H., & Wolfe, B. L. (2000) · The Journal of Human Resources · doi:10.2307/146365 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
A DYNAMIC MODEL OF RESIDENTIAL SEGREGATION
Zhang, J. (2004) · Journal of Mathematical Sociology · doi:10.1080/00222500490480202 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
To Ghetto or Not to Ghetto: Ethnicity and Residential Segregation
Borjas, G. J. (1998) · Journal of Urban Economics · doi:10.1006/juec.1997.2068 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
Mitigating ethnic disparities in covid-19 and beyond
Razai, M. S., Kankam, H. K. N., Majeed, A., Esmail, A., & Williams, D. R. (2021) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.m4921 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Ananat, E. (2011) · American Economic Journal Applied Economics · doi:10.1257/app.3.2.34 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
The Effect of Density Zoning on Racial Segregation in U.S. Urban Areas
Rothwell, J., & Massey, D. S. (2009) · Urban Affairs Review · doi:10.1177/1078087409334163 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Resurgent Cities, Urban Myths and Policy Hubris: What We Need to Know
Cheshire, P. C. (2006) · Urban Studies · doi:10.1080/00420980600775600 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Parallel Lives? Ethnic Segregation in Schools and Neighbourhoods
BURGESS, S. M., Wilson, D., & Lupton, R. (2005) · Urban Studies · doi:10.1080/00420980500120741 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
- Authors
- Cutler, D. M., & Glaeser, E. L.
- Affiliations
- National Bureau of Economic Research (US)
- Venue
- The Quarterly Journal of Economics
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1997-08-01
- Volume
- 112
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 827-872
- ISSN
- 0033-5533 (ISSN-L)
- 1531-4650
- OpenAlex
- W2157800636
- Cited by
- 1,241
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 39 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 40 · 2021: 62 · 2020: 34 · 2019: 42 · 2018: 51 · 2017: 47 · 2016: 44 · 2015: 63 · 2014: 46 · 2013: 54 · 2012: 78
- FWCI
- 73.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Quarterly Journal of Economics (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Urban, Neighborhood, and Segregation Studies
- Social Sciences › Education › School Choice and Performance
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Intergenerational and Educational Inequality Studies
- Keywords
- racial segregation, ghettos, black-white segregation, educational attainment, employment, single parenthood
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
