Social determinants: taking the social context of asthma seriously
Open accessAbstract
Although asthma has emerged as a major contributor to disease and disability among US children, the burden of this disease is unevenly distributed within the population. This article provides a brief overview of social-status variables that predict variations in asthma risks and social exposures, such as stress and violence, that are emerging as important risk factors. The central focus of the article is on the distal social variables that have given rise to unhealthy residential environments in which the risk factors for asthma and other diseases are clustered. Effective initiatives for the prevention and treatment of childhood asthma need to address these nonmedical determinants of the prevalence of asthma.
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Environmental factors such as neighborhood may play a significant role in health disparities through differential exposures to social, psychological, and physical influences.
“In addition, environmental factors such as neighborhood may play a significant role through differential exposures to social, psychological, and physical influences (211, 212).”
From Sleep: important considerations for the prevention of cardiovascular disease (2016) · cites this paper as [212]
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- Authors
- Williams, D. R., Sternthal, M., & Wright, R. J.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- ORCID
- Williams, David R.
- Venue
- PEDIATRICS
- Publisher
- American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
- Published
- 2009-03-01
- Volume
- 123
- Issue
- Supplement_3
- Pages
- S174-S184
- ISSN
- 0031-4005 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-4275
- PMC
- PMC3489274
- OpenAlex
- W2151156532
- Cited by
- 319
- References
- 100
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 53 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 11.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- PEDIATRICS (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL080674)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH059575, R01 MH 59575, 5T32 MH 16806, T32MH016806)
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (R01 ES10932, R01ES010932)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Asthma and respiratory diseases
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Environmental Justice and Health Disparities
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Keywords
- childhood asthma, social determinants of health, social status, socioeconomic status, stress, violence, residential environment, environmental exposure, health disparities, asthma prevention, asthma treatment
- MeSH terms
- Asthma, Child, Delivery of Health Care, Health Services Accessibility, Health Services Needs and Demand, Humans, Poverty, Residence Characteristics, Risk Factors, Social Environment, Socioeconomic Factors, Stress, Psychological, United States, Urban Population, Violence, Caregivers, Racial Groups, Health Status Disparities
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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