Processing Words with Emotional Connotation: An fMRI Study of Time Course and Laterality in Rostral Frontal and Retrosplenial Cortices
Abstract
Responses of rostral frontal and retrosplenial cortices to the emotional significance of words were measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Twenty-six strongly righthanded participants engaged in a language task that alternated between silent word generation to categories with positive, negative, or neutral emotional connotation and a baseline task of silent repetition of emotionally neutral words. Activation uniquely associated with word generation to categories with positive or negative versus neutral emotional connotation occurred bilaterally in rostral frontal and retrosplenial cortices. Furthermore, the time courses of activity in these areas differed, indicating that they subserve different functions in processing the emotional connotation of words. Namely, the retrosplenial cortex appears to be involved in evaluating the emotional salience of information from external sources, whereas the rostral frontal cortex also plays a role in internal generation of words with emotional connotation. In both areas, activity associated with positive or negative emotional connotation was more extensive in the left hemisphere than the right, regardless of valence, presumably due to the language demands of word generation. The present findings localize specific areas in the brain that are involved in processing emotional meaning of words within the brain's distributed semantic system. In addition, time course analysis reveals diverging mechanisms in anterior and posterior cortical areas during processing of words with emotional significance.
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The dmPFC is hypothesized to support abstracting affective meaning of stimuli or the processes of self-reflecting and identifying one's own affective reactions to stimuli.
“Finally, the dmPFC is hypothesized to support abstracting affective meaning of stimuli or the processes of self-reflecting and identifying one’s own affective reactions to stimuli [121, 126–130].”
From Prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and threat processing: implications for PTSD (2022) · cites this paper as [128]
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- Authors
- Cato, M. A., Crosson, B., Gökçay, D., Soltysik, D., Wierenga, C., Gopinath, K., Himes, N., Belanger, H., Bauer, R. M., Fischler, I. S., Gonzalez-Rothi, L., & Briggs, R. W.
- Affiliations
- University of Florida
- United States Department of Veterans Affairs (US)
- University of Florida (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
- Publisher
- MIT Press
- Published
- 2004-03-01
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 167-177
- ISSN
- 0898-929X (ISSN-L)
- 1530-8898
- OpenAlex
- W2109787404
- Cited by
- 149
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 36 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 4.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
- University of Florida
- National Institutes of Health (5r01dc003455-03)
- Rehabilitation Research and Development Service
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (R01 DC03455)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Hemispheric Asymmetry in Neuroscience
- Keywords
- emotional words, emotional connotation, retrosplenial cortex, hemispheric lateralization, word production, emotional salience, semantic processing, emotional valence, language processing
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Cerebral Cortex, Cerebrovascular Circulation, Cues, Emotions, Female, Frontal Lobe, Humans, Kinetics, Functional Laterality, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Mental Processes
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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