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The DOI matches its Crossref record; 8 of the 8 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Toward a More Robust Theory and Measure of Social Presence: Review and Suggested Criteria

Biocca, Frank, Harms, Chad, Burgoon, Judee K.·2003·Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments

Abstract

At a time of increased social usage of net and collaborative applications, a robust and detailed theory of social presence could contribute to our understanding of social behavior in mediated environments, allow researchers to predict and measure differences among media interfaces, and guide the design of new social environments and interfaces. A broader theory of social presence can guide more valid and reliable measures. The article reviews, classifies, and critiques existing theories and measures of social presence. A set of criteria and scope conditions is proposed to help remedy limitations in past theories and measures and to provide a contribution to a more robust theory and measure of social presence.

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Metadata

Authors
Biocca, F., Harms, C., & Burgoon, J. K.
Venue
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Published
2003-10
Volume
12
Issue
5
Pages
456-480
ISSN
1054-7460 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2106968553
Cited by
2,172
References
8
FWCI
21.66
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Toward a More Robust Theory and Measure of Social Presence: Review and Suggested Criteria. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1162/105474603322761270
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Biocca, F., Harms, C., & Burgoon, J. K. (2003). Toward a More Robust Theory and Measure of Social Presence: Review and Suggested Criteria. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments. https://doi.org/10.1162/105474603322761270

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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.