Cited by 256Cystic Fibrosis Research AdvancesIon Transport and Channel RegulationInhalation and Respiratory Drug Delivery

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 59 of the 59 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 23 of the 39 sources its claims cite were checked for support.

Allosteric folding correction of F508del and rare CFTR mutants by elexacaftor-tezacaftor-ivacaftor (Trikafta) combination

Open access
Veit, Guido, Roldan, Ariel, Hancock, Mark A., Da Fonte, Dillon F., Xu, Haijin, Hussein, Maytham, Frenkiel, Saul, Matouk, Elias, Velkov, Tony, Lukacs, Gergely L.·2020·JCI Insight

Abstract

Based on its clinical benefits, Trikafta — the combination of folding correctors VX-661 (tezacaftor), VX-445 (elexacaftor), and the gating potentiator VX-770 (ivacaftor) — was FDA approved for treatment of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) carrying deletion of phenylalanine at position 508 (F508del) of the CF transmembrane conductance regulator ( CFTR ) on at least 1 allele. Neither the mechanism of action of VX-445 nor the susceptibility of rare CF folding mutants to Trikafta are known. Here, we show that, in human bronchial epithelial cells, VX-445 synergistically restores F508del-CFTR processing in combination with type I or II correctors that target the nucleotide binding domain 1 (NBD1) membrane spanning domains (MSDs) interface and NBD2, respectively, consistent with a type III corrector mechanism. This inference was supported by the VX-445 binding to and unfolding suppression of the isolated F508del-NBD1 of CFTR. The VX-661 plus VX-445 treatment restored F508del-CFTR chloride channel function in the presence of VX-770 to approximately 62% of WT CFTR in homozygous nasal epithelia. Substantial rescue of rare misprocessing mutations (S13F, R31C, G85E, E92K, V520F, M1101K, and N1303K), confined to MSD1, MSD2, NBD1, and NBD2 of CFTR, was also observed in airway epithelia, suggesting an allosteric correction mechanism and the possible application of Trikafta for patients with rare misfolding mutants of CFTR.

Overview

AI snapshot

Written from the paper’s full text.

TL;DR

VX-445 (elexacaftor) behaves as a type III CFTR corrector that binds F508del-NBD1, suppresses its unfolding/aggregation, and synergizes with type I/II correctors to restore F508del-CFTR processing and function. VX-661 plus VX-445 also rescued several rare CFTR folding mutants, reaching therapeutically relevant correction levels in airway epithelial models.

Key findings

  • VX-445 plus VX-661 increased F508del-CFTR plasma membrane density to ~45% of WT with an EC50 of ~0.28 μM; VX-445 alone reached ~15% and VX-661 alone ~3.5% of WT. The VX-445 enantiomer EN2 was less efficacious (~25% of WT, EC50 ~1.1 μM).
  • VX-445 bound F508del–NBD1-1S with a KD of ~80 μM, similar to WT–NBD1-1S, and decreased the rate/extent of F508del–NBD1-1S aggregation by 50% at 100 μM; VX-661 did not suppress aggregation and only partially suppressed thermal ellipticity loss.
  • In homozygous F508del human nasal epithelia, VX-661 plus VX-445 restored F508del-CFTR current to 76% of WT with acute VX-770 and 62% with chronic VX-770; VX-809 increased current from 9% to 25% of WT.
  • VX-661 plus VX-445 significantly increased PM density for 9 of 10 rare mutants tested, reaching >20% of WT for S13F, R31C, E92K, R352G, V520F, and L1077P; corrected Isc in HNE reached 20%, 41%, 50%, and 22% of WT for V520F, G85E, M1101K, and N1303K, respectively, with chronic VX-770.

Methods

  • CFBE41o- cells expressing inducible 3HA-tagged CFTR variants were used for PM density measurements by cell-surface ELISA, normalized to viability and CFTR mRNA; primary human nasal epithelia were differentiated at air-liquid interface and assayed by Ussing chamber short-circuit current.
  • Biophysical assays included surface plasmon resonance binding to biotinylated NBD1 constructs, NBD1 aggregation monitored by absorbance at 400 nm, and circular dichroism spectroscopy; corrector combinations were analyzed by combinatorial profiling and clustering.
  • VX-445 and ABBV-2222 were synthesized and validated; statistics used 1-way ANOVA with Tukey’s HSD, paired 2-tailed Student’s t test with Bonferroni’s FDR correction, dose-response fitting, and Heatmapper clustering.

Limitations

  • The paper does not include a dedicated limitations section. It states that the cause of the large variation in CFTR Isc across individuals is not known, and that WT and corrected F508del Isc values partly overlapped.
  • The paper states that combinatorial profiling was not possible for some mutant CFTRs because of nonresponse, high single-corrector PM density, or partial additivity.
  • The paper notes that the apparent discrepancy between only partially mitigated CF lung disease in adults and patient-derived epithelial cell data may be accounted for by long-term chronic infection, inflammation, and tissue damage; it also notes that VX-445’s increased in vivo potency may reflect intracellular accumulation and/or a binding surface modulated by full-length CFTR context.

Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1172/jci.insight.139983

Cites

59 of 59 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Nothing to recompute.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

23 of 39 cited sources checked · 10 supported · 0 flagged · accuracy not yet measured

Show all 48 claims

  • It may state two separate claims as one. 27
  • Probably not a substantial claim. 11
35 of 35
  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Heterozygous carriers of F508del lack disease symptoms.

    “since heterozygous carriers lack disease symptoms.”
  • The paper relies on this without support.

    A CFTR PM density of >20% of WT is therapeutically significant.

    “reaching therapeutically significant levels of > 20% of WT in S13F-, R31C-, E92K-, R352G-, V520F-, and L1077P-CFTR (Figure 4A).”
  • The paper relies on this without support.

    A CFTR activity correction reaching 20%–50% of WT Isc is associated with therapeutic benefit.

    “indicating that the fraction of CFTR activity correction of these mutants would likely be associated with therapeutic benefit.”
  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Correction levels of >20% of WT CFTR are therapeutically relevant.

    “reaching therapeutically relevant correction levels of > 20% of the WT in CFBE41o- cells or HNE”
  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Binding of VX-445 to isolated F508del–NBD1-1S reflects its interaction with full-length F508del-CFTR.

    “The increased in vivo potency of VX-445, however, may indicate its intracellular accumulation similar to that observed for VX-770 (36) and/or the exposure of a VX-445 binding surface, which is either modulated by or also constitutes the MSD1/2 and/or NBD2 segments in the context of the full-length F508del-CFTR.”
  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Selection of modulator combinations requires knowledge of the mechanism of action of individual CFTR modulators.

    “Selection of modulator combinations, however, requires the knowledge of the mechanism of action of individual CFTR modulators.”
6 of 6

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.

  • VX-661 is assigned two different drug names

    Minor

    The Methods identify VX-661 as lumacaftor, whereas the abstract identifies it as tezacaftor.

1 of 1

Citations

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Metadata

Authors
Veit, G., Roldan, A., Hancock, M. A., Da Fonte, D. F., Xu, H., Hussein, M., Frenkiel, S., Matouk, E., Velkov, T., & Lukacs, G. L.
Affiliations
  • Department of Physiology and
  • McGill University (CA)
  • The University of Melbourne (AU)
  • Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery,
  • Montreal Chest Institute (CA)
Corresponding author
Veit, Guido
Venue
JCI Insight
Published
2020-09-17
Volume
5
Issue
18
ISSN
2379-3708 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W3081438953
Cited by
250
References
59
Citations by year
2026: 18 · 2025: 45 · 2024: 39 · 2023: 38 · 2022: 58 · 2021: 48 · 2020: 4
FWCI
21.23
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • JCI Insight (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Minerva Access (University of Melbourne) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
  • Canadian Institutes of Health Research (MOP-142221,PJT-153095)
  • National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases (5R01DK075302)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Cystic Fibrosis Research Advances
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Ion Transport and Channel Regulation
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Inhalation and Respiratory Drug Delivery
Keywords
cystic fibrosis, CFTR, F508del mutation, elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor, elexacaftor, tezacaftor, ivacaftor, NBD1, transmembrane domain, protein folding, chloride channel function, airway epithelium
MeSH terms
Aminophenols, Bronchi, Cells, Cultured, Cystic Fibrosis, Drug Combinations, Humans, Indoles, Mutation, Pyrazoles, Pyridines, Quinolines, Protein Folding, Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator, Benzodioxoles

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