Increased proteolysis. An effect of increases in plasma cortisol within the physiologic range.
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Prolonged exposure to glucocorticoids in pharmacologic amounts results in muscle wasting, but whether changes in plasma cortisol within the physiologic range affect amino acid and protein metabolism in man has not been determined. To determine whether a physiologic increase in plasma cortisol increases proteolysis and the de novo synthesis of alanine, seven normal subjects were studied on two occasions during an 8-h infusion of either hydrocortisone sodium succinate (2 micrograms/kg X min) or saline. The rate of appearance (Ra) of leucine and alanine were estimated using [2H3]leucine and [2H3]alanine. In addition, the Ra of leucine nitrogen and the rate of transfer of leucine nitrogen to alanine were estimated using [15N]leucine. Plasma cortisol increased (10 +/- 1 to 42 +/- 4 micrograms/dl) during cortisol infusion and decreased (14 +/- 2 to 10 +/- 2 micrograms/dl) during saline infusion. No change was observed in plasma insulin, C-peptide, or glucagon during either saline or cortisol infusion. Plasma leucine concentration increased more (P less than 0.05) during cortisol infusion (120 +/- 1 to 203 +/- 21 microM) than saline (118 +/- 8 to 154 +/- 4 microM) as a result of a greater (P less than 0.01) increase in its Ra during cortisol infusion (1.47 +/- 0.08 to 1.81 +/- 0.08 mumol/kg X min for cortisol vs. 1.50 +/- 0.08 to 1.57 +/- 0.09 mumol/kg X min). Leucine nitrogen Ra increased (P less than 0.01) from 2.35 +/- 0.12 to 3.46 +/- 0.24 mumol/kg X min, but less so (P less than 0.05) during saline infusion (2.43 +/- 0.17 to 2.84 +/- 0.15 mumol/kg X min, P less than 0.01). Alanine Ra increased (P less than 0.05) during cortisol infusion but remained constant during saline infusion. During cortisol, but not during saline infusion, the rate and percentage of leucine nitrogen going to alanine increased (P less than 0.05). Thus, an increase in plasma cortisol within the physiologic range increases proteolysis and the de novo synthesis of alanine, a potential gluconeogenic substrate. Therefore, physiologic changes in plasma cortisol play a role in the regulation of whole body protein and amino acid metabolism in man.
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Because glucocorticoids promote catabolism of proteins including serum albumin, glycated albumin levels may be influenced by glucocorticoid excess.
“Because GCs are known to promote the catabolism of proteins, including serum albumin (, ), there is a risk that GA levels will be influenced by GC excess.”
From Glucose Metabolism Abnormalities in Cushing Syndrome: From Molecular Basis to Clinical Management (2017) · cites this paper as [242]
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“28,29 30 31 estruc-tura ósea 32”
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“When in excess, glucocorticoid hormones impact the protein synthetic (20–22) and degradative (10, 23, 27) machinery in skeletal muscle and, in doing so, render the tissue catabolic.”
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“…placed on recruits during BT, in addition to resting and nutritional practices that often run contrary to recommendations commonly given to athletes in training, are likely to combat the maintenance of an anabolic state, perhaps mediated through glucocorticoid excess (Simmons et al. 1984).”
BackgroundInsulin resistance induced by hydrocortisone is increased in patients with abdominal obesity
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Increased Urinary Excretion of Cortisol and Catecholami-NES in Malnourished Cancer Patients
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Background3 The use of stable isotopes in metabolic investigation
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“…by a single bout of resistance exercise may be potentiated by high circulating levels of insulin (Fluckey et al. 1996; Roy et al. 1997; Biolo et al. 1999) or growth hormone (Fryburg and Barrett 1993), or may be inhibited by high levels of glucocorticoids (Simmons et al. 1984; Louard et al. 1994).”
BackgroundResistance Training in Post-Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Patients: A Systematic Review
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Glucocorticoids antagonize insulin's antiproteolytic action on skeletal muscle in humans
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BackgroundMechanisms That Cause Protein and Amino Acid Catabolism in Uremia
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BackgroundInfluentialEffect of immunocastration and housing conditions on pig carcass and meat quality traits1
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BackgroundResultMoraes, M. M., Bruzzi, R. S., Martins, Y. A. T., Mendes, T. T., Maluf, C. B., Ladeira, R. V. P., Núñez-Espinosa, C. A., Soares, D. D., Wanner, S. P., & Arantes, R. M. E. (2020) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113069 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
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- Authors
- Simmons, P. S., Miles, J. M., Gerich, J. E., & Haymond, M. W.
- Affiliations
- Mayo Clinic (US)
- ORCID
- Haymond, M W
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Investigation
- Published
- 1984-02-01
- Volume
- 73
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 412-420
- ISSN
- 0021-9738 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC425032
- OpenAlex
- W2075956591
- Cited by
- 286
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 2.83
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Clinical Investigation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Wasie Foundation
- Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adrenal Hormones and Disorders
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
- Keywords
- plasma cortisol, proteolysis, leucine kinetics, alanine synthesis, amino acid metabolism, protein metabolism, muscle atrophy, insulin, glucagon, C-peptide, nitrogen balance, muscle protein turnover, nitrogen retention, nitrogen excretion, nitrogen intake
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Alanine, Amino Acids, Blood Glucose, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Kinetics, Leucine, Nitrogen, Peptide Hydrolases
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