Cited by 362Sleep and Work-Related FatigueSleep and Wakefulness ResearchCircadian rhythm and melatonin

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Leukocytosis and natural killer cell function parallel neurobehavioral fatigue induced by 64 hours of sleep deprivation.

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Dinges, D F, Douglas, S D, Zaugg, L, Campbell, D E, McMann, J M, Whitehouse, W G, Orne, E C, Kapoor, S C, Icaza, E, Orne, M T·1994·Journal of Clinical Investigation

DOI 10.1172/jci117184PMC PMC294300

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Abstract

The hypothesis that sleep deprivation depresses immune function was tested in 20 adults, selected on the basis of their normal blood chemistry, monitored in a laboratory for 7 d, and kept awake for 64 h. At 2200 h each day measurements were taken of total leukocytes (WBC), monocytes, granulocytes, lymphocytes, eosinophils, erythrocytes (RBC), B and T lymphocyte subsets, activated T cells, and natural killer (NK) subpopulations (CD56/CD8 dual-positive cells, CD16-positive cells, CD57-positive cells). Functional tests included NK cytotoxicity, lymphocyte stimulation with mitogens, and DNA analysis of cell cycle. Sleep loss was associated with leukocytosis and increased NK cell activity. At the maximum sleep deprivation, increases were observed in counts of WBC, granulocytes, monocytes, NK activity, and the proportion of lymphocytes in the S phase of the cell cycle. Changes in monocyte counts correlated with changes in other immune parameters. Counts of CD4, CD16, CD56, and CD57 lymphocytes declined after one night without sleep, whereas CD56 and CD57 counts increased after two nights. No changes were observed in other lymphocyte counts, in proliferative responses to mitogens, or in plasma levels of cortisol or adrenocorticotropin hormone. The physiologic leukocytosis and NK activity increases during deprivation were eliminated by recovery sleep in a manner parallel to neurobehavioral function, suggesting that the immune alterations may be associated with biological pressure for sleep.

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Authors: Dinges, D. F., Douglas, S. D., Zaugg, L., Campbell, D. E., McMann, J. M., Whitehouse, W. G., Orne, E. C., Kapoor, S. C., Icaza, E., & Orne, M. T.
Affiliations: Pennsylvania Hospital (US)
Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (US)
ORCID: Dinges, D F
Douglas, S D
Kapoor, S C
Venue: Journal of Clinical Investigation
Publisher: American Society for Clinical Investigation
Published: 1994-05-01
Volume: 93
Issue: 5
Pages: 1930-1939
ISSN: 0021-9738 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1172/jci117184
PMC: PMC294300
OpenAlex: W2027223222
Cited by: 361
References: 43
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 13
FWCI: 8.90
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Journal of Clinical Investigation (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
National Institutes of Health (5p01mh044193-05)
Ames Research Center
National Institute of Mental Health (MH44193)
National Center for Research Resources (CRC RR 00040)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
Keywords: sleep deprivation, leukocytosis, natural killer cells, immune function, monocytes, lymphocyte subsets, NK cell cytotoxicity, cell cycle, CD56, CD57, CD16, CD4, recovery sleep, cortisol, ACTH
MeSH terms: Adult, Arousal, Body Temperature, Mental Fatigue, Female, Glucocorticoids, Humans, Killer Cells, Natural, Leukocytosis, Lymphocytes, Male, Movement, Sleep Deprivation, Biomarkers

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Leukocytosis and natural killer cell function parallel neurobehavioral fatigue induced by 64 hours of sleep deprivation.

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