The DOI matches its Crossref record; 129 of the 129 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Sixteen years and counting: an update on leptin in energy balance
Open accessAbstract
Cloned in 1994, the ob gene encodes the protein hormone leptin, which is produced and secreted by white adipose tissue. Since its discovery, leptin has been found to have profound effects on behavior, metabolic rate, endocrine axes, and glucose fluxes. Leptin deficiency in mice and humans causes morbid obesity, diabetes, and various neuroendocrine anomalies, and replacement leads to decreased food intake, normalized glucose homeostasis, and increased energy expenditure. Here, we provide an update on the most current understanding of leptin-sensitive neural pathways in terms of both anatomical organization and physiological roles.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Leptin is satiety promoting hormone produced and secreted primarily by adipose tissue that helps to regulate energy balance by reducing food intake and increasing energy expenditure via activation of hypothalamic circuits.56,57”
From The effects of sleep disruption on metabolism, hunger, and satiety, and the influence of psychosocial stress and exercise: A narrative review (2024) · cites this paper as [57]
In the citing paper
“Circulating leptin changes rapidly in response to acute caloric intake or restriction, assisting in the control of short-term feeding via mechanisms such as augmentation of the anorectic effects of cholecystokinin, [57][58][59]”
From The effects of sleep disruption on metabolism, hunger, and satiety, and the influence of psychosocial stress and exercise: A narrative review (2024) · cites this paper as [57]
In the citing paper
“and is thought to be an important mediator of long-term energy balance regulation.57”
From The effects of sleep disruption on metabolism, hunger, and satiety, and the influence of psychosocial stress and exercise: A narrative review (2024) · cites this paper as [57]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Positional cloning of the mouse obese gene and its human homologue
Zhang, Y., Proenca, R., Maffei, M., Barone, M., Leopold, L., & Friedman, J. M. (1994) · Nature · doi:10.1038/372425a0 · Cited by 13,419
Serum Immunoreactive-Leptin Concentrations in Normal-Weight and Obese Humans
Considine, R. V., Sinha, M. K., Heiman, M. L., Kriauciunas, A., Stephens, T. W., Nyce, M. R., Ohannesian, J. P., Marco, C. C., McKee, L. J., Bauer, T. L., et al. (1996) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199602013340503 · Cited by 6,326
Weight-Reducing Effects of the Plasma Protein Encoded by the obese Gene
Halaas, J. L., Gajiwala, K. S., Maffei, M., Cohen, S. L., Chait, B. T., Rabinowitz, D., Lallone, R. L., Burley, S. K., & Friedman, J. M. (1995) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.7624777 · Cited by 4,451
Effects of the obese Gene Product on Body Weight Regulation in ob / ob Mice
Pelleymounter, M. A., Cullen, M. J., Baker, M. B., Hecht, R., Winters, D., Boone, T., & Collins, F. (1995) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.7624776 · Cited by 4,017
Maffei, M., Halaas, J., Ravussin, E., Pratley, R. E., Lee, G. H., Zhang, Y., Fei, H., Kim, S., Lallone, R., Ranganathan, S., et al. (1995) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm1195-1155 · Cited by 3,725
Identification and expression cloning of a leptin receptor, OB-R.
Tartaglia, L. A., Dembski, M., Weng, X., Deng, N., Culpepper, J., Devos, R., Richards, G. J., Campfield, L. A., Clark, F. T., Deeds, J., et al. (1995) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(95)90151-5 · Cited by 3,496
Campfield, L. A., Smith, F. J., Guisez, Y., Devos, R., & Burn, P. (1995) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.7624778 · Cited by 3,243
Olds, J., & Milner, P. (1954) · Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0058775 · Cited by 3,176
Role of leptin in the neuroendocrine response to fasting
Ahima, R. S., Prabakaran, D., Mantzoros, C., Qu, D., Lowell, B., Maratos-Flier, E., & Flier, J. S. (1996) · Nature · doi:10.1038/382250a0 · Cited by 3,117
Congenital leptin deficiency is associated with severe early-onset obesity in humans
Montague, C. T., Farooqi, I. S., Whitehead, J. P., Soos, M. A., Rau, H., Wareham, N. J., Sewter, C. P., Digby, J. E., Mohammed, S. N., Hurst, J. A., et al. (1997) · Nature · doi:10.1038/43185 · Cited by 2,936
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 8
- 10.1210/jc.87.5.2395 · DOI
- 10.1210/en.141.9.3072 · DOI · Paper page
- Flynn, 1998, Am J Physiol., 275, R174
- Kahler, 1998, Am J Physiol., 275, R180
- 10.1210/en.143.1.239 · DOI · Paper page
- Morton, 2005, J Clin Invest., 115, 703, 10.1172/JCI200522081 · DOI
- Rosenbaum, 2008, J Clin Invest., 118, 2583
- 10.1210/en.138.10.4489 · DOI · Paper page
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 301–366 of 366
John, N. (2012) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/36059 · Cited by 1
Regulation of leptin receptor expressing neurons in the brainstem by TRPV1 (1126.11)
Zsombok, A., Jiang, Y., Anwar, I. J., Rezai-Zadeh, K. P., & Muenzberg, H. (2014) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fasebj.28.1_supplement.1126.11 · Cited by 1
The Effect of Serotonin on Leptin and Grelin Hormones Concentrations in Female Rats
Mohammed, N. I. (2015) · Kufa Journal For Veterinary Medical Sciences · doi:10.36326/kjvs/2015/v6i23993 · Cited by 1
Valentín, R. R., & Carreón‐Rodríguez, A. (2014) · Entreciencias diálogos en la Sociedad del Conocimiento · doi:10.21933/j.edsc.2014.03.057 · Cited by 1
Pharmacologic Treatment of Obesity
Latif, F., Cho, J., & Hornack, S. E. (2016) · Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology News · doi:10.1521/capn.2016.21.2.1 · Cited by 1
Cruickshank, N. C. (2017) · ScholarWorks -A service of University of Vermont Libraries (University of Vermont) · Cited by 1
Hildebrandt, J., Bleckmann, H., & Homberg, U. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-61595-9_14 · Cited by 1
Obesity Hormones in Health and Disease
Çaylak, E. (2012) · Encyclopedia of Life Sciences · doi:10.1002/9780470015902.a0024166 · Cited by 1
Andersson, J. S. O. (2011) · KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology) · Cited by 1
What do we mean by normal? The mathematical concept and social dimension of normality.
Black, P. A. (1994) · PubMed · Cited by 1
Examining the regulation of adipocytokine expression during chronic insulin resistance
Hayden, E. E. (2012) · Cited by 1
How does Stress Affect Energy Balance?
Razzoli, M., Cero, C., & Bartolomucci, A. (2017) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118540770.ch4 · Cited by 1
Central Neuronal Control of Bone Remodeling
Takeda, S., & Baldock, P. A. J. (2013) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118453926.ch115 · Cited by 1
Impacto da Obesidade na Fertilidade Feminina
Leitão, P. P. D. S. (2012) · Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT) · doi:10.34626/dsef-qk55 · Cited by 1
Role of Ethnic Differences in Mediators of Energy Balance
Cohen, S. S., & Lipworth, L. P. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-06103-0_9
González, D. (2014) · LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas)
The effect of lifelong maternal obesity on pregnancy outcomes and placental development
Hayes, E. K. (2012) · MacSphere (McMaster University) · doi:10.71548/20294
Zhang, R. (2012) · uO Research (University of Ottawa) · doi:10.20381/ruor-5570
Energy Balance and Body Weight Homeostasis
Kushner, R. F., Lawrence, V., & FRCPath, S. K. M. F. (2013) · doi:10.1002/9781118643570.ch1
Malandrino, M. I. (2013) · LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas)
Metabolic Tuning of Neural, Neuroendocrine, and Behavioral Responses to Stress
Maniscalco, J. W. (2014) · D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh)
Metabolic Perturbations Associated with Adipose Tissue Dysfunction and the Obesity–Cancer Link
Ford, N. A., DiGiovanni, J., & Hursting, S. D. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-7660-3_1
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF OBESITY- AN INSIGHT INTO THE MOLECULAR MECHANISM
Remesh, A. (2013)
ROLE OF LEPTIN IN HIPPOCAMPAL SYNAPTOGENESIS
Dhar, M. (2012) · Research Exchange (Washington State University)
Control of Appetite/Satiety and Energy Balance
Elmquist, J. K., & Horton, J. D. (2015) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118512074.ch28
Self-citationEffect of Tongluo recipe on leptin and insulin in rat model of type 1 diabetes mellitus
Xin-xin, Y. U. E., ZHANG, Z.-J., Qiu-liang, Y. A. N. G., & Liu, Z. (2011) · Academic Journal of Second Military Medical University · doi:10.3724/sp.j.1008.2011.00630
Rotzinger, S. (2013) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-385095-9.00254-2
Lipids as an Energy Source for the Premature and Term Neonate
Herrera, E., & Ortega, H. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-35214-7.00036-6
Metabolic and Endocrine Responses to Overeating.
Cornford, A. S. (2012) · Deep Blue (University of Michigan)
Bjekić-Macut, J., Antić, I. B., Milutinović, D. V., Stanojlović, O. P., Andric, Z. G., Ilić, D., & Μacut, D. (2015) · Medicinski glasnik Specijalna bolnica za bolesti stitaste zlezde i bolesti metabolizma Zlatibor · doi:10.5937/medgla1556007b
Dietary polyphenols: modulators of energy and substrate metabolism in obese humans
Most, J. (2016) · Research Publications (Maastricht University) · doi:10.26481/dis.20160115jm
In Vivo Role of JAK2 in the Pathogenesis of Obesity and the Metabolic Syndrome
Shi, S. Y. (2015) · TSpace (University of Toronto)
The Stress Response and Endocrine Mechanisms of Growth in Salmonids
Madison, B. N. (2013) · The Atrium (University of Guelph)
Association of serum leptin and bone metabolism indices in peritoneal dialysis patients
Momeni, A., & Amiri, M. (2014) · Journal of Parathyroid Disease
Warnke (2018) · Research Publications (Maastricht University) · doi:10.26481/dis.20180316iw
Adrenergic Control of Bone Remodeling
Ochi, H., & Takeda, S. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801238-3.11224-3
Lipids, Weight Gain and Obesity
Deng, Z., Li, J., & Lei, L. (2020) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/047167849x.bio103
Risk of neurally mediated syncope in hypothyroidism and obesity
Lanz‐Luces, J. R., Lanz-Luces, J. L., Guzmán, L. F. E., Lanz-Souquett, J. D., Aceituno, H., Artuza, C. R., & Lanz-Luces, J. L. (2021) · Gaceta Médica de Caracas · doi:10.47307/gmc.2021.129.3.10
Lima, F. D. C. H. D. (2012) · Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT) · doi:10.34626/f14n-2n27
Episodic memory and food choice
Robinson, E. (2011) · University of Birmingham Institutional Research Archive (University of Birmingham)
Tamas Horvath: The hunger view on body, brain and behavior
Horváth, T. L., Hirsch, J., & Molnár, Z. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818093-8.00009-4
Bennett, R. G. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801238-3.64920-6
Enríquez, K. B., Armaza, A. X., Ortiz, Y. M., & Olañeta, J. R. (2023) · Gaceta Médica Boliviana · doi:10.47993/gmb.v46i1.635
Cui, H., Singh, U., Toth, B. A., Jiang, J., Dickey, J. E., Saito, K., Davis, K., Aklan, İ., Yavuz, Y., Sayar, N., et al. (2024) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3934916/v1
Synthesis and drug development of small molecule inhibitors of PTP1B
Wootton, T. L. (2023) · Sheffield Hallam University · doi:10.7190/shu-thesis-00609
Diverse routes in the development of obesity
Preeti, P. S., Sharma, R. K., Chopra, S., & Chopra, H. (2025) · Scripta Medica · doi:10.5937/scriptamed56-53169
Munshi, R., Panchal, F. H., & Kumbhar, D. A. (2025) · Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.jaim.2025.101129
Yao, H., Fan, C., Lu, Y., Fan, X., Xia, L., Li, P., Wang, R., Tang, T., Wang, Y., & Qi, K. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.12569201
Yao, H., Fan, C., Lu, Y., Fan, X., Xia, L., Li, P., Wang, R., Tang, T., Wang, Y., & Qi, K. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.12569186
Yao, H., Fan, C., Lu, Y., Fan, X., Xia, L., Li, P., Wang, R., Tang, T., Wang, Y., & Qi, K. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.12569195
Yao, H., Fan, C., Lu, Y., Fan, X., Xia, L., Li, P., Wang, R., Tang, T., Wang, Y., & Qi, K. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.12569183
Yao, H., Fan, C., Lu, Y., Fan, X., Xia, L., Li, P., Wang, R., Tang, T., Wang, Y., & Qi, K. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.12569180
Kaar, M., Zimmermann, P., Bokeloh, T., Moll, L., Labinski, F., Woehlecke, F., Blüher, M., Stümvoll, M., Schlögl, H., & Heinitz, S. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-8824402/v1
Perrin‐Terrin, A. (2018) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/e19e922bz4ab1z4df2z8e00z839db7c46630
Dąbek, K., Czyżak, K., Marzec, U., Cyrkler, A., Cieślak, N., Chodkowska, A., Rajca, E., Giza, A., Paulina, G. I. Z. A., & Wymoczył, K. (2026) · International Journal of Innovative Technologies in Social Science · doi:10.31435/ijitss.2(50).2026.5113
Dlk1‐deficient mice achieve puberty despite low body weight and low levels of leptin and kisspeptin
Macedo, D. B., Pereira, S. A., Wang, M., Kyeol, H. K., Carroll, R. S., Latronico, A. C., Abreu, A. P., & Kaiser, U. B. (2026) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/jne.70248
Kwok, S. L., Xiao, Y., & Cai, X. (2026) · Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1002/brb3.71852
Metadata
- Authors
- Gautron, L., & Elmquist, J. K.
- Affiliations
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Elmquist, Joel K.
- ORCID
- Elmquist, Joel K.
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Investigation
- Published
- 2011-06-01
- Volume
- 121
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 2087-2093
- ISSN
- 0021-9738 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3104762
- OpenAlex
- W2068769790
- Cited by
- 367
- References
- 128
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 33 · 2014: 52 · 2013: 52 · 2012: 66
- FWCI
- 5.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Clinical Investigation (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Michigan
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
- Keywords
- leptin, ob gene, energy balance, white adipose tissue, leptin deficiency, morbid obesity, diabetes mellitus, glucose homeostasis, dietary intake, energy expenditure, neuroendocrine regulation, metabolic rate
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Physiological, Animals, Body Weight, Brain, Disease Models, Animal, Energy Metabolism, Feeding Behavior, Glucose, Humans, Hypothalamus, Mice, Obese, Models, Biological, Pro-Opiomelanocortin, Starvation, Sympathetic Nervous System, Leptin, Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4, Overnutrition, Mice, Adipose Tissue, White, Receptors, Leptin
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
