Cited by 2,162Pro-Environmental Behavior and AttitudesEnvironmental Philosophy and EthicsEconomic and Environmental Valuation

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 94 of the 94 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Value orientations, gender and environmental concern

Stern, Paul C., Dietz, Thomas, Kalof, Linda·1993·Environment and Behavior

DOI 10.1177/0013916593255002

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

A social-psychological model is developed to examine the proposition that environmentalism represents a new way of thinking. It presumes that action in support of environmental quality may derive from any of three value orientations: egoistic, social-altruistic, or biospheric, and that gender may be implicated in the relation between these orientations and behavior. Behavioral intentions are modeled as the sum across values of the strength of a value times the strength of beliefs about the consequences of environmental conditions for valued objects. Evidence from a survey of 349 college students shows that beliefs about consequences for each type of valued object independently predict willingness to take political action, but only beliefs about consequences for self reliably predict willingness to pay through taxes. This result is consistent with other recent findings from contingent valuation surveys. Women have stronger beliefs than men about consequences for self, others, and the biosphere, but there is no gender difference in the strength of value orientations.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1177/0013916593255002

Cites

94 of 94 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

The Tragedy of the Commons: The population problem has no technical solution; it requires a fundamental extension in morality.
Hardin, G. (1968) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.162.3859.1243 · Cited by 25,167
Structural Equations with Latent Variables
Bollen, K. A. (1989) · Wiley series in probability and statistics · doi:10.1002/9781118619179 · Cited by 17,944
Structural Equations with Latent Variables.
Clogg, C. C., & Bollen, K. A. (1991) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2072165 · Cited by 17,475
The genetical evolution of social behaviour. I
Hamilton, W. D. (1964) · Journal of Theoretical Biology · doi:10.1016/0022-5193(64)90038-4 · Cited by 15,725
The Logic of Collective Action: Public Goods and the Theory of Groups, With a New Preface and Appendix
Olson, M. (1965) · doi:10.4159/9780674041660 · Cited by 14,191
Social Science Quarterly
Southwestern Social Science Association (2010) · Social Science Quarterly · doi:10.1111/(issn)1540-6237 · Cited by 13,619
The Logic of Collective Action.
Golembiewski, R. T., & Olson, M. (1966) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2091298 · Cited by 11,371
In a Different Voice: Psychological Theory and Women's Development.
Johnson, M. M., & Gilligan, C. (1983) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2067520 · Cited by 11,153
The Evolution of Reciprocal Altruism
Trivers, R. L. (1971) · The Quarterly Review of Biology · doi:10.1086/406755 · Cited by 11,010
In A Different Voice: Psychological Theory And Women's Development
Gilligan, & Carol, C. (1982) · Cited by 10,877

Show all 94 references

Research works printed but not linked: 11

Armor, D. J., 1974, Sociological methodology, 17
Arrow, K., 1975, Altnuism, mortality, and economic theory
Dunlap, R. E., 1984, Social Science Quarterly, 65, 1013
George, D., 1986, Social Science Quarterly, 67, 722
Griffin, S., 1978, Women and nature: The roaring inside her
Heberlein, T. A., 1981, Zeitschrift for Umweltpolitik, 2, 241
Jöreskog, K. G., 1988, PRELIS: A program for multivariate data screening and data summarization
McStay, J., 1983, International Journal of Women's Studies, 6, 291
Mohai, P., 1985, Social Science Quarterly, 66, 820
Offe, C., 1985, Social Research, 52, 817
Slovic, P., annual meeting of the American Association of the Advancement of Science

Sorted by citations

Items 101–200 of 1,001

Explaining pro-environmental behavior with a cognitive theory of stress
Homburg, A., & Stolberg, A. (2006) · Journal of Environmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2006.03.003 · Cited by 415
Psychology and the science of human-environment interactions.
Stern, P. C. (2000) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.55.5.523 · Cited by 374
Spillover processes in the development of a sustainable consumption pattern
Thøgersen, J. B. (1999) · Journal of Economic Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0167-4870(98)00043-9 · Cited by 378
Environmental concern, attitude toward frugality, and ease of behavior as determinants of pro-environmental behavior intentions
Fujii, S. (2006) · Journal of Environmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2006.09.003 · Cited by 378
Influences of environmental and hedonic motivations on intention to purchase green products: An extension of the theory of planned behavior
Choi, D., & Johnson, K. K. P. (2019) · Sustainable Production and Consumption · doi:10.1016/j.spc.2019.02.001 · Cited by 377
The relationship between environmental activism, pro-environmental behaviour and social identity.
Dono, J., Webb, J., & Richardson, B. (2010) · Journal of Environmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2009.11.006 · Cited by 372
Pro-environmental purchase behaviour: The role of consumers' biospheric values
Nguyen, N., Lobo, A., & Greenland, S. J. (2016) · Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services · doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2016.08.010 · Cited by 400
The roles of values and social norm on personal norms and pro-environmentally friendly apparel product purchasing behavior: The mediating role of personal norms
Kim, S. H., & Seock, Y. (2019) · Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services · doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2019.05.023 · Cited by 411
ECOCENTRISM AND ANTHROPOCENTRISM: MORAL REASONING ABOUT ECOLOGICAL COMMONS DILEMMAS
Kortenkamp, K. V., & Moore, C. F. (2001) · Journal of Environmental Psychology · doi:10.1006/jevp.2001.0205 · Cited by 370
“Nevertheless, Heberlein’s application of Schwartz’s (1977) norm-activation theory of altruism to explain pro-environmental attitudes and behaviors led to further research using this model which ¢nally did extend into examinations of ecocentrism in a study by Stern, Dietz, and Kalof (1993).”
Method
Rural-Urban Differences in Environmental Concern, Attitudes, and Actions
Berenguer, J., Corraliza, J. A., & Martín, R. (2005) · European Journal of Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1027/1015-5759.21.2.128 · Cited by 377
“As regards the second line of research on environmental concern (psychological determinants), authors agree that such research has developed on the basis of three types of orientation that determine the subject’s motivation to be concerned about the environment (Axelrod & Lehman, 1993; De Young, 1996; Stern, Dietz & K…”
Background
Gender Differences in Environmental Concern
Xiao, C., & McCright, A. M. (2013) · Environment and Behavior · doi:10.1177/0013916513491571 · Cited by 365
The New Environmental Paradigm and Personal Norms
Wiidegren, Ö. (1998) · Environment and Behavior · doi:10.1177/0013916598301004 · Cited by 365
Recycling and Morality
Thøgersen, J. B. (1996) · Environment and Behavior · doi:10.1177/0013916596284006 · Cited by 387
Pro‐environmental behavior
Turaga, R. M. R., Howarth, R. B., & Borsuk, M. E. (2010) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05163.x · Cited by 362
The Socio-Demographic and Psychological Predictors of Residential Energy Consumption: A Comprehensive Review
Frederiks, E. R., Stenner, K., & Hobman, E. V. (2015) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en8010573 · Cited by 384
“, values beyond one’s immediate self-interests), environmental concern, and a sense of moral obligation (see [17,44,63,96,112–114]).”
Background
Determinants of private car users' acceptance of road pricing
Bergstad, C. J., Fujii, S., & Gärling, T. (2000) · Transport Policy · doi:10.1016/s0967-070x(00)00005-6 · Cited by 354
“Stern et al. (1993) found that not accepting to pay tax or fees for preserving the environment was mainly motivated by self-interest.”
Background
Public acceptance for environmental taxes: Self-interest, environmental and distributional concerns
Kallbekken, S., & Sælen, H. G. (2011) · Energy Policy · doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2011.03.006 · Cited by 372
“Three important exceptions are the papers by Stern et al. (1993), Rienstra et al. (1999) and Schade and Schlag (2003): Stern et al. (1993) provides a widely used theoretical foundation for explaining proenvironmental behaviour.”
Background
Environmental Values
Steg, L., & de Groot, J. I. M. (2012) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199733026.013.0005 · Cited by 353
Integrating Altruism and the Theory of Planned Behavior to Predict Patronage Intention of a Green Hotel
Teng, Y.-M., Wu, K., & Liu, H.-H. (2013) · Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research · doi:10.1177/1096348012471383 · Cited by 348
“Stern, Dietz, and Kalof (1993) analyzed that altruism is the concern about the welfare of society and others.”
BackgroundInfluential
The role of the dominant social paradigm in environmental attitudes: a multinational examination
Kilbourne, W. E., Beckmann, S. C., & Thelen, E. M. (2002) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/s0148-2963(00)00141-7 · Cited by 366
Consumers’ pro-environmental behavior and the underlying motivations: A comparison between household and hotel settings
Miao, L., & Wei, W. (2012) · International Journal of Hospitality Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijhm.2012.04.008 · Cited by 343
Predicting green hotel behavioral intentions using a theory of environmental commitment and sacrifice for the environment
Rahman, I., & Reynolds, D. (2015) · International Journal of Hospitality Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijhm.2015.09.007 · Cited by 353
Like father, like son? Intergenerational transmission of values, attitudes, and behaviours in the environmental domain
Grønhøj, A., & Thøgersen, J. (2009) · Journal of Environmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2009.05.002 · Cited by 339
French attitudes on climate change, carbon taxation and other climate policies
Douenne, T., & Fabre, A. (2019) · Ecological Economics · doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2019.106496 · Cited by 340
The role of social values in the management of ecological systems
Ives, C. D., & Kendal, D. (2014) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.05.013 · Cited by 352
“Pro-environmental behaviour has been explicitly linked to environmental values in a number of studies by Paul Stern and others (Stern and Dietz, 1994; Stern et al., 1995, 1993).”
The value-belief-norm theory, personal norms and sustainable travel mode choice in urban areas
Lind, H. B., Nordfjærn, T., Jørgensen, S. H., & Rundmo, T. (2015) · Journal of Environmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2015.06.001 · Cited by 332
Antecedents of Egyptian Consumers' Green Purchase Intentions
Mostafa, M. M. (2006) · Journal of International Consumer Marketing · doi:10.1300/j046v19n02_06 · Cited by 329
“Previous studies (e.g., Stern et al., 1993) examined the role that social altruism (concern for the welfare of others), and biospheric altruism (a concern for the non-human elements of the environment) play in influencing green behavior.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluential
Using economic valuation techniques to inform water resources management: A survey and critical appraisal of available techniques and an application
Birol, E., Karousakis, K., & Koundouri, P. (2006) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.02.032 · Cited by 351
“Stern et al. (1993) argue that women are more attentive than men to links between the environment and the things they value.”
Background
General Antecedents of Personal Norms, Policy Acceptability, and Intentions: The Role of Values, Worldviews, and Environmental Concern
Steg, L., de Groot, J. I. M., Dreijerink, L., Abrahamse, W., & Siero, F. W. (2011) · Society & Natural Resources · doi:10.1080/08941920903214116 · Cited by 326
“Three value orientations are relevant in the environmental domain: an egoistic value orientation, in which people try to maximize individual outcomes, an altruistic value orientation, reflecting apprehension for the welfare of other human beings, and a biospheric (or ecocentric) value orientation, in which people focu…”
Background
Understanding the internal processes of behavioral engagement in a national park: A latent variable path analysis of the value-belief-norm theory
van Riper, C. J., & Kyle, G. T. (2014) · Journal of Environmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2014.03.002 · Cited by 325
Psychological Restoration in Nature as a Positive Motivation for Ecological Behavior
Hartig, T., Kaiser, F. G., & Bowler, P. A. (2001) · Environment and Behavior · doi:10.1177/00139160121973142 · Cited by 325
Differentiating environmental concern in the context of psychological adaption to climate change
Helm, S. V., Pollitt, A., Barnett, M. A., Curran, M. A., & Craig, Z. R. (2018) · Global Environmental Change · doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2017.11.012 · Cited by 307
The Future of Nuclear Power: Value Orientations and Risk Perception
Whitfield, S. C., Rosa, E. A., Dan, A., & Dietz, T. M. (2009) · Risk Analysis · doi:10.1111/j.1539-6924.2008.01155.x · Cited by 314
“,(21,22) building on the universal human value framework of Schwartz and his colleagues,(23–25) developed a VBN model of environmental decision making that combines human values with social context variables.”
BackgroundMethod
How the interplay between consumer motivations and values influences organic food identity and behavior
Hansen, T., Sørensen, M. I., & Eriksen, M.-L. R. (2018) · Food Policy · doi:10.1016/j.foodpol.2017.11.003 · Cited by 311
“Stern et al. (1993) found that motives for consumers’ willingness to engage in pro-environmental behavior are based on a combination of egoistic, social-altruistic, and biocentric factors, whereas only awareness of consequences for one-self (egoism) predicts intentions to pay taxes for…”
Background
ENVIRONMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 1989–1994
Sundstrom, E. D., Bell, P. A., Busby, P. L., & Asmus, C. (1996) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.47.1.485 · Cited by 315
Yellow Vests, Pessimistic Beliefs, and Carbon Tax Aversion
Douenne, T., & Fabre, A. (2022) · American Economic Journal Economic Policy · doi:10.1257/pol.20200092 · Cited by 356
Impact of CSR and environmental triggers on employee green behavior: The mediating effect of employee well‐being
Ahmed, M., Zehou, S., Raza, S. A., Qureshi, M. A., & Yousufi, S. Q. (2020) · Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management · doi:10.1002/csr.1960 · Cited by 365
Merging Theory of Planned Behavior and Value Identity Personal norm model to explain pro-environmental behaviors
Ateş, H. (2020) · Sustainable Production and Consumption · doi:10.1016/j.spc.2020.07.006 · Cited by 324
Some Psychological Aspects of Reduced Consumption Behavior
Young, R. D. (1996) · Environment and Behavior · doi:10.1177/0013916596283005 · Cited by 316
RESPONSIBILITY AS A PREDICTOR OF ECOLOGICAL BEHAVIOUR
Kaiser, F. G., & Shimoda, T. A. (1999) · Journal of Environmental Psychology · doi:10.1006/jevp.1998.9123 · Cited by 298
Drivers of and Barriers to Organic Purchase Behavior
van Doorn, J., & Verhoef, P. (2015) · Journal of Retailing · doi:10.1016/j.jretai.2015.02.003 · Cited by 277
Predicting climate change mitigation and adaptation behaviors in agricultural production: A comparison of the theory of planned behavior and the Value-Belief-Norm Theory
Zhang, L., Ruiz‐Menjivar, J., Bi-liang, L., Liang, Z., & Swisher, M. E. (2020) · Journal of Environmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2020.101408 · Cited by 323
Green thinking but thoughtless buying? An empirical extension of the value-attitude-behaviour hierarchy in sustainable clothing
Jacobs, K., Petersen, L., Hörisch, J., & Battenfeld, D. (2018) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.07.320 · Cited by 330
Public Perception of Climate Change: The Importance of Knowledge and Cultural Worldviews
Shi, J., Visschers, V. H. M., & Siegrist, M. (2015) · Risk Analysis · doi:10.1111/risa.12406 · Cited by 293
“(27) Women were significantly more concerned about climate change than men.(28) Those with a higher education level and younger individuals appeared more willing to change behaviors related to the environment.”
Background
Who Cares about the Environmental Impact of Cars?
Joireman, J. A., Lange, P. A. M. V., & van Vugt, M. (2004) · Environment and Behavior · doi:10.1177/0013916503251476 · Cited by 288
The role of values, environmental risk perception, awareness of consequences, and willingness to assume responsibility for environmentally-friendly behaviour: the Lithuanian case
Liobikienė, G., & Juknys, R. (2015) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.10.049 · Cited by 287
Climate Change and Society
Rosa, E. A., & Dietz, T. M. (1998) · International Sociology · doi:10.1177/026858098013004002 · Cited by 284
What affects public acceptance of recycled and desalinated water?
Dolničar, S., Hürlimann, A., & Grün, B. (2010) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2010.09.030 · Cited by 280
“…kinds of pro-environmental behaviour such as subscribing to green electricity programs (Clark et al., 2003), willingness to pay for species protection (Kotchen and Reiling, 2000), for environmentally sound products (Laroche et al., 2001) and environmental protection in general (Stern et al., 1993).”
Background
How national cultural values affect pro‐environmental consumer behavior
Soyez, K. (2012) · International Marketing Review · doi:10.1108/02651331211277973 · Cited by 279
Untitled work
(2009) · Cited by 278
Changes in Drivers’ Perceptions and Use of Public Transport during a Freeway Closure
Fujii, S., Gärling, T., & Kitamura, R. (2001) · Environment and Behavior · doi:10.1177/00139160121973241 · Cited by 277
Pro-environmental Behavior in Egypt: Is there a Role for Islamic Environmental Ethics?
Rice, G. (2006) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-006-0010-9 · Cited by 291
A meta-analysis of behavioral intentions for environment-friendly initiatives in hospitality research
Gao, Y. L., Mattila, A. S., & Lee, S. (2016) · International Journal of Hospitality Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijhm.2016.01.010 · Cited by 277
Cultural Theory and Individual Perceptions of Environmental Risks
Steg, L., & Sievers, I. (2000) · Environment and Behavior · doi:10.1177/00139160021972513 · Cited by 268
The publics’ concern for global warming: A cross-national study of 47 countries
Kvaløy, B., Finseraas, H., & Listhaug, O. (2012) · Journal of Peace Research · doi:10.1177/0022343311425841 · Cited by 265
Environmental Attitudes
Gifford, R., & Sussman, R. (2012) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199733026.013.0004 · Cited by 265
Generativity and self-enhancement values in eco-friendly behavioral intentions and environmentally responsible consumption behavior
Urien, B., & Kilbourne, W. E. (2010) · Psychology and Marketing · doi:10.1002/mar.20381 · Cited by 264
Environmental concern and behaviour in an Australian sample within an ecocentric – anthropocentric framework
Casey, P. J., & Scott, K. (2006) · Australian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1080/00049530600730419 · Cited by 259
The impact of eco-friendly practices on green image and customer attitudes: An investigation in a café setting
Jeong, E., Jang, S. S., Day, J., & Ha, S. (2014) · International Journal of Hospitality Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijhm.2014.03.002 · Cited by 284
The influence of cultural values on green purchase behaviour
Nguyen, N., Lobo, A., & Greenland, S. J. (2017) · Marketing Intelligence & Planning · doi:10.1108/mip-08-2016-0131 · Cited by 307
Warm glow vs. altruistic values: How important is intrinsic emotional reward in proenvironmental behavior?
Hartmann, P., Eisend, M., Apaolaza, V., & D’Souza, C. (2017) · Journal of Environmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2017.05.006 · Cited by 285
Consumer likelihood of purchasing organic cotton apparel
Hustvedt, G., & Dickson, M. A. (2009) · Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management · doi:10.1108/13612020910939879 · Cited by 255
“Many studies of environmental consumer behavior have identified a significant relationship between altruistic values and environmental behavior (Dietz et al., 2002; Nordlund and Garvill, 2002, 2003; Stern et al., 1993; Stern et al., 1999).”
Background
The connectedness to nature scale: A measure of emotional connection to nature?
Perrin, J. L., & Benassi, V. A. (2009) · Journal of Environmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2009.03.003 · Cited by 254
Values, attitudes and perceptions of managers as predictors of corporate environmental responsiveness.
Papagiannakis, G., & Lioukas, S. (2012) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.01.023 · Cited by 258
“…(1992, 1994) in the structure of values and on the relevant empirical research (Karp, 1996; Nordlund and Garvill, 2002; Stern and Dietz, 1994; Stern et al., 1993), we identify two types of personal values that are expected to shape managers’ environmental attitudes and explain variations of…”
Landscape aesthetics: Assessing the general publics' preferences towards rural landscapes
Howley, P. (2011) · Ecological Economics · doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2011.09.026 · Cited by 252
CONSTRAINTS ON ENVIRONMENTAL BEHAVIOUR
Tanner, C. (1999) · Journal of Environmental Psychology · doi:10.1006/jevp.1999.0121 · Cited by 259
“Accumulated results for gender show women to be signi¢cantly more environmentally concerned than men (Schan & Holzer, 1990; Davidson & Freudenberg, 1996), while few studies show inconsistent ¢ndings (Hines et al. 1986/86; Stern et al., 1993 ).We also expect that socialstructural factors may aiect concern with environm…”
Background
Pro‐Environmental Habits: Propensity Levels in Behavioral Change1
Dahlstrand, U., & Biel, A. (1997) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1997.tb00650.x · Cited by 250
The Effect of Respondent Characteristics on General Environmental Attitude-Behavior Correspondence
Tarrant, M. A., & Cordell, H. K. (1997) · Environment and Behavior · doi:10.1177/0013916597295002 · Cited by 249
Across- versus within-class comparative advertising: Insights into prestige class anchoring
Auken, S. V., & Adams, A. J. (1999) · Psychology and Marketing · doi:10.1002/(sici)1520-6793(199908)16:5 · Cited by 15
Effects of attitudinal and sociodemographic factors on pro-environmental behaviour in urban China
Chen, X., Peterson, M. N., Hull, V., Lu, C., LEE, G. D., Hong, D., & Liu, J. (2011) · Environmental Conservation · doi:10.1017/s037689291000086x · Cited by 260
“Females are more likely to engage in pro-environmental behaviour due to cultural and social-structural factors that make them on average more aware of the interconnections between causes and consequences of environmental harm (Stern et al. 1993; Hunter et al. 2004).”
Background
Determinants and Measurement of Climate Change Risk Perception, Worry, and Concern
van der Linden, S. (2016) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.318 · Cited by 270
Reexamining the relations between socio-demographic characteristics and individual environmental concern: Evidence from Shanghai data
Shen, J., & Saijo, T. (2007) · Journal of Environmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2007.10.003 · Cited by 244
Predicting residents' pro-environmental behaviors at tourist sites: The role of awareness of disaster's consequences, values, and place attachment
Zhang, Y., Zhang, H., Zhang, J., & Cheng, S. (2014) · Journal of Environmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2014.06.001 · Cited by 244
Motivating Residents to Conserve Energy without Financial Incentives
McMakin, A. H., Malone, E. L., & Lundgren, R. E. (2002) · Environment and Behavior · doi:10.1177/001391602237252 · Cited by 237
“a role in environment-protective behavior ( Stern, Dietz, and Kalof, 1993 ).”
Background
Gender and Environmental Concern: Insights from Recent Work and for Future Research
McCright, A. M., & Xiao, C. (2014) · Society & Natural Resources · doi:10.1080/08941920.2014.918235 · Cited by 242
“…1983), participation in pro-environmental activities (e.g., Hunter et al. 2004), pro-environmental attitudes or an ecological worldview (e.g., Stern et al. 1993), perceived seriousness of different types of environmental problems (e.g., Mohai 1997), or environmental policy preferences (e.g.,…”
Background
To Pay or Not to Pay: Competing Theories to Explain Individuals’ Willingness to Pay for Public Environmental Goods
Liebe, U., Preisendörfer, P., & Meyerhoff, J. (2010) · Environment and Behavior · doi:10.1177/0013916509346229 · Cited by 242
Discrimination, Vulnerability, and Justice in the Face of Risk
Satterfield, T. A., Mertz, C. K., & Slovic, P. (2004) · Risk Analysis · doi:10.1111/j.0272-4332.2004.00416.x · Cited by 239
“2%), (4) disagree that people in positions of authority tend”
Background
Environmental Locus of Control, Sympathy, and Proenvironmental Behavior
Allen, J. B., & Ferrand, J. L. (1999) · Environment and Behavior · doi:10.1177/00139169921972137 · Cited by 239
“Furthermore, Stern, Dietz, and Kalof (1993) demonstrated that egoistic motives, in addition to altruistic ones, play a role in environment-protective behavior.”
Background
Female CEOs and green innovation
Javed, M., Wang, F., Usman, M., Gull, A. A., & Zaman, Q. U. (2023) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.113515 · Cited by 255
Young consumer ecological behaviour
Sukı, N. M. (2013) · Management of Environmental Quality An International Journal · doi:10.1108/meq-02-2013-0010 · Cited by 235
Assessing pre-service teachers’ environmental literacy in Turkey as a mean to develop teacher education programs
Tuncer, G., Tekkaya, C., Sungur, S., Çakıroğlu, J., Ertepınar, H., & Kaplowitz, M. D. (2009) · International Journal of Educational Development · doi:10.1016/j.ijedudev.2008.10.003 · Cited by 231
Toward a Model of Environmental Activism
SGuin, C., Pelletier, L. G., & Hunsley, J. D. (1998) · Environment and Behavior · doi:10.1177/001391659803000503 · Cited by 231
Measurement of Environmental Concern: A Review and Analysis
Cruz, S. M., & Manata, B. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00363 · Cited by 230
Role of Socio-Demographics in Segmenting and Profiling Green Consumers
Jain, S. K., & Kaur, G. (2006) · Journal of International Consumer Marketing · doi:10.1300/j046v18n03_06 · Cited by 229
“On a comparative basis, studies can also investigate the relative role of psychographic variables such as conservatism and dogmatism, political orientation, altruism, egoism, self-esteem, individualism and collectivism that have been found to be significantly correlating with eco-consciousness in the previous research…”
BackgroundResultInfluential
Two Avenues for Encouraging Conservation Behaviors
Monroe, M. C. (2003) · Cited by 229
Why are Energy Policies Acceptable and Effective?
Steg, L., Dreijerink, L., & Abrahamse, W. (2005) · Environment and Behavior · doi:10.1177/0013916505278519 · Cited by 228
“…taking into account individual factors influencing such judgments (e.g., Jakobsson et al., 2000; Schade & Schlag, 2000, 2003; L. Steg et al., 2005; Stern et al., 1993; see introductory section of this article) but also by carefully taking into account the way a policy is designed and which target…”
Background
Young People's Conceptions of Environment: A phenomenographic analysis
Loughland, T., Reid, A., & Petocz, P. (2002) · Environmental Education Research · doi:10.1080/13504620220128248 · Cited by 227
“Other researchers have suggested that environmental orientations could be placed on a continuum ranging from technocentric to ecocentric, nature as object to nature as spirit (Killingsworth & Palmer, 1992, p. 8) and egoistic to biospheric (Stem et al., 1993, p. 322).”
Background
Green HRM, psychological green climate and pro-environmental behaviors: An efficacious drive towards environmental performance in China
Naz, S., Jamshed, S., Nisar, Q. A., & Nasir, N. (2021) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-021-01412-4 · Cited by 266
Motivating Action through Fostering Climate Change Hope and Concern and Avoiding Despair among Adolescents
Stevenson, K. T., & Peterson, M. N. (2015) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su8010006 · Cited by 232
“These differences are attributed to higher appraisals of risk in general [42] and higher instances of biospheric values [43] among women.”
Background
Psychological and Situational Influences on Commuter-Transport-Mode Choice
Collins, C. M., & Chambers, S. M. (2005) · Environment and Behavior · doi:10.1177/0013916504265440 · Cited by 223
“Stern, Dietz, and Kalof (1993) found individuals’ proenvironmental action related to their beliefs in these three domains.”
Background
Protecting the Environment for Self-interested Reasons: Altruism Is Not the Only Pathway to Sustainability
Dominicis, S. D., Schultz, P. W., & Bonaiuto, M. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01065 · Cited by 246
“Specifically, deriving from early formulations of altruism and self-interest (Stern et al., 1993), we build on the Inclusion Model of Environmental Concerns (Schultz, 2002; Schultz et al., 2005; Nolan and Schultz, 2015), suggesting that environmental concerns are organized in a systemic and…”
Method
Consumer recycling: role of incentives, information, and social class
Iyer, E. S., & Kashyap, R. K. (2007) · Journal of Consumer Behaviour · doi:10.1002/cb.206 · Cited by 222
Exceptional boards: Environmental experience and positive deviance from institutional norms
Walls, J. L., & Hoffman, A. J. (2013) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/job.1813 · Cited by 221
Explaining the Paradox: How Pro-Environmental Behaviour can both Thwart and Foster Well-Being
Venhoeven, L., Bolderdijk, J., & Steg, L. (2013) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su5041372 · Cited by 221
“, the concern for the next generation, other species, or whole eco-systems) [82–84].”
Factors Affecting Consumers' Green Purchasing Behavior: An Integrated Conceptual Framework
Kaufmann, H. R., Panni, M. F. A. K., & Orphanidou, Y. (2012) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 219
Customers' values, beliefs on sustainable corporate performance, and buying behavior
Collins, C. M., Steg, L., & Koning, M. A. S. (2007) · Psychology and Marketing · doi:10.1002/mar.20173 · Cited by 218
Explaining consumers’ willingness to be environmentally friendly
Abdul‐Muhmin, A. G. (2006) · International Journal of Consumer Studies · doi:10.1111/j.1470-6431.2006.00528.x · Cited by 215
Values Determine the (In)Effectiveness of Informational Interventions in Promoting Pro-Environmental Behavior
Bolderdijk, J. W., Gorsira, M., Keizer, K., & Steg, L. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0083911 · Cited by 238
Neighborhoods and Health
Ellaway, A., & Macintyre, S. (2009) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781444314762.ch21 · Cited by 219
Rural‐Urban Differences in Environmental Concern in Canada
Kennedy, E. H., Beckley, T. M., McFarlane, B. L., & Nadeau, S. (2009) · Rural Sociology · doi:10.1526/003601109789037268 · Cited by 214
“The relationship between environmental worldview and various indicators of ESB has shown that individuals with a pro-environmental worldview tend to be more involved in ESB (Stern et al. 1995; Stern et al. 1999; Stern et al. 1993; Dietz et al. 1998).”

Authors: Stern, P. C., Dietz, T., & Kalof, L.
Affiliations: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (US)
George Mason University (US)
SUNY Plattsburgh (US)
ORCID: Stern, Paul C.
Dietz, Thomas
Venue: Environment and Behavior
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 1993-09
Volume: 25
Issue: 5
Pages: 322-348
ISSN: 0013-9165 (ISSN-L)
1552-390X
DOI: 10.1177/0013916593255002
OpenAlex: W2126789885
Cited by: 2,162
References: 94
Citations by year: 2026: 62 · 2025: 88 · 2024: 110 · 2023: 102 · 2022: 94 · 2021: 102 · 2020: 110 · 2019: 107 · 2018: 92 · 2017: 104 · 2016: 104 · 2015: 117 · 2014: 118 · 2013: 104 · 2012: 88
FWCI: 100.54
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Environment and Behavior (publishedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law › Pro-Environmental Behavior and Attitudes
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Nature and Landscape Conservation › Environmental Philosophy and Ethics
Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Economic and Environmental Valuation
Keywords: value orientations, environmental concern, environmentalism, gender differences, egoistic values, biospheric values, willingness to pay, beliefs about consequences, contingent valuation, university students

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Value orientations, gender and environmental concern

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks