Cited by 2,162Pro-Environmental Behavior and AttitudesEnvironmental Philosophy and EthicsEconomic and Environmental Valuation

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Value orientations, gender and environmental concern

Stern, Paul C., Dietz, Thomas, Kalof, Linda·1993·Environment and Behavior

DOI 10.1177/0013916593255002

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Abstract

A social-psychological model is developed to examine the proposition that environmentalism represents a new way of thinking. It presumes that action in support of environmental quality may derive from any of three value orientations: egoistic, social-altruistic, or biospheric, and that gender may be implicated in the relation between these orientations and behavior. Behavioral intentions are modeled as the sum across values of the strength of a value times the strength of beliefs about the consequences of environmental conditions for valued objects. Evidence from a survey of 349 college students shows that beliefs about consequences for each type of valued object independently predict willingness to take political action, but only beliefs about consequences for self reliably predict willingness to pay through taxes. This result is consistent with other recent findings from contingent valuation surveys. Women have stronger beliefs than men about consequences for self, others, and the biosphere, but there is no gender difference in the strength of value orientations.

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“Several other studies (e.g., Stern & Dietz, 1994; Stern et al., 1986; Stern et al., 1993; Van Liere & Dunlap, 1978) have obtained similar results.”
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“, 2012), and an overall orientation toward the welfare of others (McCarty and Shrum, 2001; Schwartz, 1977; Stern et al., 1993).”
Background
Application of the extended VBN theory to understand consumers’ decisions about green hotels
Choi, H.-Y., Jang, J., & Kandampully, J. A. (2015) · International Journal of Hospitality Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijhm.2015.08.004 · Cited by 458
Determinants of demand for green products: An application to eco-label demand for fish in Europe
Brécard, D., Hlaimi, B., Lucas, S., Perraudeau, Y., & Salladarré, F. (2009) · Ecological Economics · doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2009.07.017 · Cited by 444
Correlates of Environmental Behaviors
Olli, E., Grendstad, G., & Wollebæk, D. (2001) · Environment and Behavior · doi:10.1177/0013916501332002 · Cited by 442
“Other scales are, for example, Environmental Concern (Weigel & Weigel, 1978), Awareness of Consequences (Stern et al., 1993), Normative Beliefs (e.g., Karp, 1996; Schwartz, 1968; 1977), and Biospheric Value Orientation (Stern, Dietz, Kalof, & Guagnano, 1995).”
Background
Psychological determinants of attitude towards and willingness to pay for green electricity
Hansla, A., Gamble, A., Juliusson, Á., & Gärling, T. (2008) · Energy Policy · doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2007.10.027 · Cited by 440
General Beliefs and the Theory of Planned Behavior: The Role of Environmental Concerns in the TPB
de Groot, J. I. M., & Steg, L. (2007) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.2007.00239.x · Cited by 439
“These findings are in line with recent theories assuming that egoistic values and concerns can positively relate with environmental behavior when this behavior is compatible with self-interests (Schultz et al., 2005; Stern & Dietz, 1994; Stern et al., 1993).”
BackgroundResultInfluential
Responsibility and Environment: Ecological Norm Orientation and External Factors in the Domain of Travel Mode Choice Behavior
Hunecke, M., Blöbaum, A., Matthies, E., & Höger, R. (2001) · Environment and Behavior · doi:10.1177/00139160121973269 · Cited by 438
“In former studies applying the Schwartz theory to the domain of ecological behavior, the variable ascription of responsibility (AR) was seen to play a central role (Guagnano et al., 1995; Stern et al., 1986, 1993; Vining & Ebreo, 1992).”
Method
The Dynamics of Green Restaurant Patronage
Hu, H., Parsa, H. G., & Self, J. T. (2010) · Cornell Hospitality Quarterly · doi:10.1177/1938965510370564 · Cited by 435
Values and ascribed responsibility to predict consumers' attitude and concern towards green hotel visit intention
Verma, V., Chandra, B., & Kumar, S. (2019) · Journal of business research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.11.021 · Cited by 387
Public engagement with climate change: the role of human values
Corner, A., Markowitz, E., & Pidgeon, N. (2014) · WIREs Climate Change · doi:10.1002/wcc.269 · Cited by 418
“40 Altruistic and biospheric values are sometimes considered to be broadly equivalent to Schwartz’s self-transcendent and conservation groupings, while egoistic values appear to ﬁt within the self-enhancement cluster.”
Background
Ecological Behavior, Environmental Attitude, and Feelings of Responsibility for the Environment
Kaiser, F. G., Ranney, M. A., Hartig, T., & Bowler, P. A. (1999) · European Psychologist · doi:10.1027//1016-9040.4.2.59 · Cited by 419
“, 1977) norm-activation model deals with the issue of personal obligation and is being used increasingly in environmental psychology (e. g., Fuhrer, 1995; Guagnano et al., 1995; Hallin, 1995; Heberlein, 1972; Hopper & Nielsen, 1991; Stern et al., 1993; Van Liere & Dunlap, 1978; Vining & Ebreo, 1992).”
Background
Does gender make a difference in pro-environmental behavior? The case of the Basque Country University students
Molina, M. A. V., Fernández–Sainz, A., & Olaizola, J. I. (2017) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.12.079 · Cited by 414
What drives employees’ intentions to implement green practices in hotels? The role of knowledge, awareness, concern and ecological behaviour
Chan, E. S. W., Hon, A. H. Y., Chan, W. W. H., & Okumuş, F. (2014) · International Journal of Hospitality Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijhm.2014.03.001 · Cited by 411
Shades of green: linking environmental locus of control and pro‐environmental behaviors
Cleveland, M., Kalamas, M., & Laroche, M. (2005) · Journal of Consumer Marketing · doi:10.1108/07363760510605317 · Cited by 424
“In expanding their scope of analysis to incorporate psychographic variables such as altruism ( Stern et al. , 1993”
Background
Shades of green: A psychographic segmentation of the green consumer in Kuwait using self-organizing maps
Mostafa, M. M. (2009) · Expert Systems with Applications · doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2009.02.088 · Cited by 404
Hurricane risk perceptions among Florida's single family homeowners
Peacock, W. G., Brody, S. D., & Highfield, W. (2004) · Landscape and Urban Planning · doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2004.11.004 · Cited by 400
“For exam ender has been found to be important in that wo perceive risks differently from men and appear to be more risk averse (Brody, 1984; Cutter et al., 1992; Stern et al., 1993).”
Background
Attitudes towards environmentally friendly products: The influence of ecoliteracy, interpersonal influence and value orientation
Cheah, I., & Phau, I. (2011) · Marketing Intelligence & Planning · doi:10.1108/02634501111153674 · Cited by 425
Factors influencing car use for commuting and the intention to reduce it: A question of self-interest or morality?
Abrahamse, W., Steg, L., Gifford, R., & Vlek, C. A. J. (2009) · Transportation Research Part F Traffic Psychology and Behaviour · doi:10.1016/j.trf.2009.04.004 · Cited by 388

Authors: Stern, P. C., Dietz, T., & Kalof, L.
Affiliations: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (US)
George Mason University (US)
SUNY Plattsburgh (US)
ORCID: Stern, Paul C.
Dietz, Thomas
Venue: Environment and Behavior
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 1993-09
Volume: 25
Issue: 5
Pages: 322-348
ISSN: 0013-9165 (ISSN-L)
1552-390X
DOI: 10.1177/0013916593255002
OpenAlex: W2126789885
Cited by: 2,162
References: 94
Citations by year: 2026: 62 · 2025: 88 · 2024: 110 · 2023: 102 · 2022: 94 · 2021: 102 · 2020: 110 · 2019: 107 · 2018: 92 · 2017: 104 · 2016: 104 · 2015: 117 · 2014: 118 · 2013: 104 · 2012: 88
FWCI: 100.54
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Environment and Behavior (publishedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law › Pro-Environmental Behavior and Attitudes
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Nature and Landscape Conservation › Environmental Philosophy and Ethics
Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Economic and Environmental Valuation
Keywords: value orientations, environmental concern, environmentalism, gender differences, egoistic values, biospheric values, willingness to pay, beliefs about consequences, contingent valuation, university students

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Value orientations, gender and environmental concern

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