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Cited by 14Schizophrenia research and treatmentMental Health and PsychiatryBipolar Disorder and Treatment

Relationship of depression with cognitive insight and socio‐occupational outcome in patients with schizophrenia

Grover, Sandeep, Sahoo, Swapnajeet, Nehra, Ritu, Chakrabarti, Subho, Avasthi, Ajit·2017·International Journal of Social Psychiatry
DOI 10.1177/0020764017691314
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Abstract

AIM: To evaluate the prevalence of depression using different measures in patients with schizophrenia and to study the relationship of depression in schizophrenia with cognitive insight and clinical insight, disability and socio-occupational functioning. METHODS: A total of 136 patients with schizophrenia were evaluated for depression, cognitive insight and socio-occupational functioning. RESULTS: Of the 136 patients included in the study, one-fourth ( N = 34; 25%) were found to have depression as per the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). The prevalence of depression as assessed by Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS), Hamilton depression rating scale (HDRS) and Depressive Subscale of Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS-D) was 23.5%, 19.9% and 91.9%, respectively. Among the different scales, CDSS has highest concordance with clinician's diagnosis. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value for CDSS was also higher than that noted for HDRS and PANSS-D. When those with and without depression as per clinician's diagnosis were compared, those with depression were found to have significantly higher scores on Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) positive and general psychopathology subscales, PANSS total score, participation restriction as assessed by P-scale and had lower level of functioning as assessed by Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF). No significant difference was noted on negative symptom subscale of PANSS, clinical insight as assessed on G-12 item of PANSS, disability as assessed by Indian Disability Evaluation and Assessment Scale (IDEAS) and socio-occupational functioning as assessed by Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale (SOFS). In terms of cognitive insight, those with depression had significantly higher score for both the subscales, that is, self-reflective and self-certainty subscales as well as the mean composite index score. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that one-fourth of patients with schizophrenia have depression, compared to HDRS and PANSS-D, CDSS has highest concordance with clinician's diagnosis of depression and presence of depression is related to cognitive insight.

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Authors
Grover, S., Sahoo, S., Nehra, R., Chakrabarti, S., & Avasthi, A.
Affiliations
Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (IN)
Corresponding author
Grover, Sandeep
ORCID
Venue
International Journal of Social Psychiatry
Publisher
SAGE Publications
Published
2017-02-05
Volume
63
Issue
3
Pages
181-194
ISSN
  • 0020-7640 (ISSN-L)
  • 1741-2854
DOI
10.1177/0020764017691314
OpenAlex
W2585053309
Cited by
14
References
92
Citations by year
2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1
FWCI
1.13
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations
  • International Journal of Social Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
  • Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Mental Health and Psychiatry
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Bipolar Disorder and Treatment
Keywords
schizophrenia, depression, cognitive insight, socio-occupational functioning, disability, Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, diagnostic agreement, Global Assessment of Functioning
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Cognition, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depression, Disability Evaluation, Female, Humans, India, Male, Middle Aged, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychometrics, Schizophrenia, Schizophrenic Psychology, Sensitivity and Specificity, Social Class, Young Adult, Tertiary Care Centers

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