Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Spanish version of the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia
Abstract
Background The Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS) is a valid tool to assess depression in schizophrenics and has been translated, adapted, and validated to be used in different non-English languages. Therefore, it may be predicted that a Spanish version of this scale will be also a valid instrument to assess symptoms of depression in patients with schizophrenia.Objective We determined the validity of the Spanish version of the Calgary scale (CDSS-S).Methods Outpatients and inpatients (n=93) diagnosed as having schizophrenia by DSM-IV criteria confirmed by SCID-IV interview were included. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS-17 and HDRS-21 items), Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), Extrapyramidal Symptoms Rating Scale (ESRS), and Barnes Acathisia Rating Scale were administered by a first rater, whereas the CDSS-S was assessed by a second independent rater.Results The internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha 0.83) and the interrater reliability (>0.73 intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] for single items and 0.92 for total score) were good. The test-retest reliability was high (ICC of 0.89). The scale showed a good construct validity with statistically significant correlations with HDRS-17, HDRS-21, MADRS, and G6 item (depression) of PANSS. The CDSS showed no correlation with the positive subscale of PANSS and a weak correlation with the negative subscale, general psychopathology subscale, and total score of PANSS. A cut point of five showed 94.7% sensitivity, 86.5% specificity, and 70% and 98% positive and negative predictive values, respectively.Conclusions The Spanish version of CDSS is a valid instrument to assess depressive episodes for stabilized and acute patients with schizophrenia.
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The Spanish version of the CDSS has high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.83) and high inter-rater reliability (ICC > 0.70); it discriminates between depressed and non-depressed people with SSD.
“Spanish version of CDSS has high internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.83) and high inter-rater reliability (ICC > 0.70); it also discriminates between depressed and non-depressed people with SSD [41].”
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- Authors
- Sarró, S.
- Affiliations
- Hospital General de Granollers (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Sarró, S
- ORCID
- Sarró, S
- Venue
- Schizophrenia Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2004-06-01
- Volume
- 68
- Issue
- 2-3
- Pages
- 349-356
- ISSN
- 0920-9964 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2167486251
- Cited by
- 101
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 0.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Schizophrenia Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Keywords
- Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia, Spanish translation
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Language, Male, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychometrics, Schizophrenia, Schizophrenic Psychology, Spain, Translations, United States, Reproducibility of Results, Comorbidity, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
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