A New Stress-Based Model of Political Extremism: Personal Exposure to Terrorism, Psychological Distress, and Exclusionist Political Attitudes
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Does exposure to terrorism lead to hostility toward minorities? Drawing on theories from clinical and social psychology, we propose a stress-based model of political extremism in which psychological distress-which is largely overlooked in political scholarship-and threat perceptions mediate the relationship between exposure to terrorism and attitudes toward minorities. To test the model, a representative sample of 469 Israeli Jewish respondents was interviewed on three occasions at six-month intervals. Structural Equation Modeling indicated that exposure to terrorism predicted psychological distress (t1), which predicted perceived threat from Palestinian citizens of Israel (t2), which, in turn, predicted exclusionist attitudes toward Palestinian citizens of Israel (t3). These findings provide solid evidence and a mechanism for the hypothesis that terrorism introduces nondemocratic attitudes threatening minority rights. It suggests that psychological distress plays an important role in political decision making and should be incorporated in models drawing upon political psychology.
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The decision whether to label a cyberattack as cyberterrorism has significant implications: applying a terrorism label activates far-reaching counter-terrorism powers and amplifies public fear and anger.
“The decision about whether to label a cyberattack as cyberterrorism bears significant implications, with the application of a terrorism label activating far-reaching counter-terrorism powers, and amplifying public fear and anger (Canetti-Nisim et al. 2009; Zeitzoff 2014; Snider et al. 2021).”
From Public Opinion and Cyberterrorism (2023) · cites this paper as Canetti-Nisim et al. 2009
The Abstract (page unavailable) links exposure to terrorism with fear and rage, and the Discussion and Conclusion links it with support for nondemocratic policies. Neither passage says that labeling a cyberattack as terrorism amplifies those emotions or activates counter-terrorism powers. (LLM, conf=0.82)
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- Authors
- Canetti-Nisim, D., Halperin, E., Sharvit, K., & Hobfoll, S. E.
- Affiliations
- Department of Psychology University of Maryland, College Park
- Stanford University (US)
- University of Maryland, Baltimore (US)
- Rush University Medical Center (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Conflict Resolution
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2009-05-04
- Volume
- 53
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 363-389
- ISSN
- 0022-0027 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-8766
- PMC
- PMC3229259
- OpenAlex
- W2153590306
- Cited by
- 329
- References
- 90
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 40 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 38 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 24.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Conflict Resolution (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH073687)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Terrorism, Counterterrorism, and Political Violence
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion
- Keywords
- political extremism, psychological distress, terrorism exposure, threat perception, Arab citizens of Israel, Israeli Jews, minority rights, political decision-making
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