Anger, Exposure to Violence, and Intragroup Conflict: A “Lab in the Field” Experiment in Southern I srael

Zeitzoff, Thomas

doi:10.1111/pops.12065

Cited by 78Social and Intergroup PsychologyExperimental Behavioral Economics StudiesSocial Power and Status Dynamics

Anger, Exposure to Violence, and Intragroup Conflict: A “Lab in the Field” Experiment in Southern I srael

Zeitzoff, Thomas·2014·Political Psychology

DOI 10.1111/pops.12065

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Abstract

I examine how anger stemming from violence in the Israel‐Palestine conflict influences intragroup retaliation. In July 2010 I conducted a series of experiments in two cities in the Southern District of Israel affected to varying degrees (high and low) by rocket fire from the Gaza Strip. For each experiment, subjects were partnered anonymously with a member of their community. They were then exposed to one of two emotional manipulations: one that induced anger or one that did not. Finally, each subject was given an opportunity to keep an endowment or allocate it towards destroying a portion, or all, of their partner's income (“pay to punish”) in retaliation for their partner having taken money from them previously. This decision to “pay to punish” was designed to closely mimic the costly nature of conflict. The findings suggest that anger has a conditional effect on decisions to pay to punish: in Sderot (most affected by rocket fire), anger decreases punishment, while in Ofakim (less affected), it increases punishment. Additionally, higher exposure to violence made subjects more likely to engage in negative reciprocity.

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Authors: Zeitzoff, T.
Affiliations: New York University (US)
Corresponding author: Zeitzoff, Thomas
ORCID: Zeitzoff, Thomas
Venue: Political Psychology
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2013-09-06
Volume: 35
Issue: 3
Pages: 309-335
ISSN: 0162-895X (ISSN-L)
1467-9221
DOI: 10.1111/pops.12065
OpenAlex: W1923748701
Cited by: 78
References: 63
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 1
FWCI: 12.39
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: Political Psychology (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
Social Sciences › Safety Research › Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social Power and Status Dynamics
Keywords: anger, violence exposure, intragroup conflict, retaliation, emotional manipulation, negative reciprocity, Israeli-Palestinian conflict, Gaza Strip

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Anger, Exposure to Violence, and Intragroup Conflict: A “Lab in the Field” Experiment in Southern I srael

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