The DOI matches its Crossref record; 70 of the 71 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Narcissism, Self-Esteem, and the Positivity of Self-Views: Two Portraits of Self-Love
Abstract
The authors hypothesized that both narcissism and high self-esteem are associated with positive self-views but each is associated with positivity in different domains of the self. Narcissists perceive themselves as better than average on traits reflecting an agentic orientation (e.g., intellectual skills, extraversion) but not on those reflecting a communal orientation (e.g., agreeableness, morality). In contrast, high-self-esteem individuals perceive themselves as better than average both on agentic and communal traits. Three studies confirmed the hypothesis. In Study 1, narcissists rated themselves as extraverted and open to experience but not as more agreeable or emotionally stable. High-self-esteem individuals rated themselves highly on all of these traits except openness. In Study 2, narcissists (but not high-self-esteem individuals) rated themselves as better than their romantic partners. In Study 3, narcissists rated themselves as more intelligent, but not more moral, than the average person. In contrast, high-self-esteem individuals viewed themselves as more moral and more intelligent.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Third, narcissists’ beliefs regarding their own superiority tend to go hand in hand with beliefs of others’ inferiority (Back et al., 2013; Campbell et al., 2002; Kong, 2015; Krizan & Bushman, 2011; Park, Ferrero, Colvin, & Carney, 2013).”
From The "Why" and "How" of Narcissism: A Process Model of Narcissistic Status Pursuit (2020) · cites this paper as Campbell et al., 2002
In the citing paper
“Furthermore, narcissists often believe that they possess superior intellect, even when their actual IQ scores are not on par (Campbell et al., 2002; Dufner, Denissen, et al., 2013).”
From The "Why" and "How" of Narcissism: A Process Model of Narcissistic Status Pursuit (2020) · cites this paper as Campbell et al., 2002
Citations
Cites
Society and the Adolescent Self-Image
Rosenberg, M. (1965) · doi:10.1515/9781400876136 · Cited by 30,126
Applied Multiple Regression/Correlation Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences
Cohen, P., Cohen, P., West, S. G., & Aiken, L. S. (2014) · Psychology Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781410606266 · Cited by 20,870
Applied Multiple Regression/Correlation Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences
Kemp, F. (2003) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series D (The Statistician) · doi:10.1046/j.1467-9884.2003.t01-2-00383_4.x · Cited by 9,294
Journal of social behavior and personality
(1986) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/0191-8869(86)90025-5 · Cited by 6,751
Handbook of Personality : Theory and Research
Pervin, L. A. (1992) · Cited by 4,543
Handbook of personality theory and research
Wilson, G. (1991) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/0191-8869(91)90043-b · Cited by 3,562
Self-esteem as an interpersonal monitor: The sociometer hypothesis
Leary, M. R., Tambor, E. S., Terdal, S. K., & Downs, D. L. (1995) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.68.3.518 · Cited by 2,519
Raskin, R., & Terry, H. (1988) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.54.5.890 · Cited by 2,273
(2014) · Psychology Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315736945-36 · Cited by 2,232
Unraveling the Paradoxes of Narcissism: A Dynamic Self-Regulatory Processing Model
Morf, C. C., & Rhodewalt, F. (2001) · Psychological Inquiry · doi:10.1207/s15327965pli1204_1 · Cited by 2,215
Research works printed but not linked: 9
- Campbell, W. K., 2001, A meta-analysis of the narcissism-self-esteem link
- Campbell, W. K., 2001, Blackwell handbook of social psychology: Vol. 2. Interpersonal processes, 437
- Campbell, W. K., Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
- Jackson, L. A., 1996, Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 11, 273
- 10.1037/0021-843X.101.1.165 · DOI
- 10.1037/0022-3514.71.6.1155 · DOI
- Rudich, E. A., 1999, The Need for Attention Scale
- Sedikides, C., 2001, It’s a matter of self-esteem: Narcissism as predictor of mental health
- Watson, P. J., 1984, Journal of Personality Assessment, 45, 159
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The NPI-16 as a short measure of narcissism.
Ames, D. R., Rose, P., & Anderson, C. P. (2006) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2005.03.002 · Cited by 1,349
Narcissistic admiration and rivalry: disentangling the bright and dark sides of narcissism.
Back, M. D., Küfner, A. C. P., Dufner, M., Gerlach, T. M., Rauthmann, J. F., & Denissen, J. J. A. (2013) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0034431 · Cited by 1,255
Narcissism and social networking web sites
Buffardi, L. E., & Campbell, W. K. (2008) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167208320061 · Cited by 1,159
Self-citationLow Self-Esteem Is Related to Aggression, Antisocial Behavior, and Delinquency
Donnellan, M. B., Trzesniewski, K. H., Robins, R. W., Moffitt, T. E., & Caspi, A. (2005) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.0956-7976.2005.01535.x · Cited by 1,147
Contingencies of Self-Worth in College Students: Theory and Measurement.
Crocker, J., Luhtanen, R. K., Cooper, M. L., & Bouvrette, A. (2003) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.85.5.894 · Cited by 1,018
Metadata
- Authors
- Campbell, W. K., Rudich, E. A., & Sedikides, C.
- Affiliations
- University of Georgia (US)
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- University of Southampton (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Campbell, W. Keith
- Venue
- Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2002-03
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 358-368
- ISSN
- 0146-1672 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-7433
- OpenAlex
- W2139236723
- Cited by
- 866
- References
- 71
- Citations by year
- 2026: 22 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 43 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 48 · 2021: 53 · 2020: 102 · 2019: 49 · 2018: 78 · 2017: 38 · 2016: 60 · 2015: 41 · 2014: 42 · 2013: 48 · 2012: 35
- FWCI
- 11.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin (publishedVersion)
- ePrints Soton (University of Southampton) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Emotions and Moral Behavior
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Keywords
- narcissism, self-esteem, self-view, self-perception, agentic traits, communal traits, Big Five personality traits, extraversion, agreeableness, emotional stability, openness to experience, intelligence, morality, romantic partners, self-enhancement
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
