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Nutrition Concerns and Health Effects of Vegetarian Diets

Craig, Winston John·2010·Nutrition in Clinical Practice

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Abstract

Vegetarians exhibit a wide diversity of dietary practices, often described by what is omitted from their diet. When a vegetarian diet is appropriately planned and includes fortified foods, it can be nutritionally adequate for adults and children and can promote health and lower the risk of major chronic diseases. The nutrients of concern in the diet of vegetarians include vitamin B(12), vitamin D, ω-3 fatty acids, calcium, iron, and zinc. Although a vegetarian diet can meet current recommendations for all of these nutrients, the use of supplements and fortified foods provides a useful shield against deficiency. A vegetarian diet usually provides a low intake of saturated fat and cholesterol and a high intake of dietary fiber and many health-promoting phytochemicals. This is achieved by an increased consumption of fruits, vegetables, whole-grains, legumes, nuts, and various soy products. As a result of these factors, vegetarians typically have lower body mass index, serum total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and blood pressure; reduced rates of death from ischemic heart disease; and decreased incidence of hypertension, stroke, type 2 diabetes, and certain cancers than do nonvegetarians.

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Authors: Craig, W. J.
Affiliations: Andrews University (US)
Corresponding author: Craig, Winston John
Venue: Nutrition in Clinical Practice
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2010-12
Volume: 25
Issue: 6
Pages: 613-620
ISSN: 0884-5336 (ISSN-L)
1941-2452
DOI: 10.1177/0884533610385707
OpenAlex: W2144385490
Cited by: 370
References: 77
Citations by year: 2026: 11 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 35 · 2020: 32 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 32 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 22
FWCI: 2.04
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 6 d)
Locations: Nutrition in Clinical Practice (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Digital Commons - Andrews University (Andrews University) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Agriculture Sustainability and Environmental Impact
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutrition and Health Studies
Keywords: vegetarian diet, nutritional adequacy, vitamin B12, vitamin D, omega-3 fatty acids, calcium, iron, zinc, fortified foods, dietary supplements, chronic disease risk, dietary fiber, phytochemicals, body mass index, cholesterol, blood pressure, ischemic heart disease, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, cancer risk
MeSH terms: Cardiovascular Diseases, Deficiency Diseases, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Health Status, Humans, Neoplasms, Diet, Vegetarian

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Nutrition Concerns and Health Effects of Vegetarian Diets

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