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Intensive Meditation Training Improves Perceptual Discrimination and Sustained Attention
Open accessAbstract
The ability to focus one’s attention underlies success in many everyday tasks, but voluntary attention cannot be sustained for extended periods of time. In the laboratory, sustained-attention failure is manifest as a decline in perceptual sensitivity with increasing time on task, known as the vigilance decrement. We investigated improvements in sustained attention with training (~5 hr/day for 3 months), which consisted of meditation practice that involved sustained selective attention on a chosen stimulus (e.g., the participant’s breath). Participants were randomly assigned either to receive training first ( n = 30) or to serve as waiting-list controls and receive training second ( n = 30). Training produced improvements in visual discrimination that were linked to increases in perceptual sensitivity and improved vigilance during sustained visual attention. Consistent with the resource model of vigilance, these results suggest that perceptual improvements can reduce the resource demand imposed by target discrimination and thus make it easier to sustain voluntary attention.
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“Another important constituent that has emerged in the literature is that mindfulness and other meditations improve internal awareness and that developed capacity has led to increased clarity of mental processes leading to improvements in meta-awareness (Cahn and Polich, 2006; MacLean et al., 2010; Raffone and Srinivasan, 2010; Schmalzl et al., 2015).”
From Mindfulness, Interoception, and the Body: A Contemporary Perspective (2019) · cites this paper as MacLean et al., 2010
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“Open monitoring is also believed to involve higher-order meta-awareness (MacLean et al., 2010; Schmalzl et al., 2015) enabling an objective witnessing of one’s stream of thoughts and experiences.”
From Mindfulness, Interoception, and the Body: A Contemporary Perspective (2019) · cites this paper as MacLean et al., 2010
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“Mindfulness practices have been associated with benefits for coping with stress, anxiety, and depression [23,25,26,27], improving compassion and increasing prosocial (e.g., helping or relationship-promoting) behaviors [28,29,30], bolstering attention and working (e.g., short-term) memory [31,32], improving self-regulatory abilities (e.g., self-control) [33], and supporting physical health [34,35,”
From Being in the moment so you can keep moving forward: Mindfulness and rumination mediate the relationship between attachment orientations and negative conflict styles (2020) · cites this paper as [32]
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“Engaging in formal mindfulness training reduces depressive symptoms and rumination while improving sustained attention (e.g., Chambers, Lo, & Allen, 2008) and perceptual sensitivity (e.g., MacLean et al., 2010).”
From United we stand: emphasizing commonalities across cognitive-behavioral therapies. (2013) · cites this paper as MacLean et al., 2010
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“empirical evidence also suggests that arousal is generated during specific meditative practices. For instance, the generation of arousal during meditation has been observed in Hindu Tantric practices (e.g., [121, 122]) as well as in several Vajrayana practices (e.g., [27, 28])”
From The Influence of Buddhist Meditation Traditions on the Autonomic System and Attention (2015) · cites this paper as [121]
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Tools of the trade: theory and method in mindfulness neuroscience
Tang, Y.-Y., & Posner, M. I. (2013) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nss112 · Cited by 76
“Keywords: mindfulness neuroscience; mindfulness; meditation; neuroplasticity; gene-environment interaction This special issue illustrates the diverse strategies for training mindfulness currently being used.”
BackgroundMethodDo Lifestyle Activities Protect Against Cognitive Decline in Aging? A Review
Christie, G. J., Hamilton, T., Manor, B., Farb, N. A. S., Farzan, F., Sixsmith, A. J., Temprado, J.-J., & Moreno, S. (2017) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2017.00381 · Cited by 80
“…to be attentional: for example, expert meditators have been found to outperform controls at tests of sustained vigilance (Valentine and Sweet, 1999; MacLean et al., 2010) and have improved perceptual stability during binocular rivalry (Carter et al., 2005), improved vigilance during sustained…”
BackgroundMindfulness and the contemplative life: pathways to connection, insight, and purpose
Dahl, C. J., & Davidson, R. J. (2018) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2018.11.007 · Cited by 85
The mind that wanders: Challenges and potential benefits of mind wandering in education.
Pachai, A. A., Acai, A., LoGiudice, A. B., & Kim, J. A. (2016) · Scholarship of Teaching and Learning in Psychology · doi:10.1037/stl0000060 · Cited by 89
“Mindfulness meditation appears to have an important effect on sustained attention (e.g., MacLean et al., 2010).”
BackgroundEmotional Stability and Self-Esteem as Mediators Between Mindfulness and Happiness
Bajaj, B., Gupta, R., & Sengupta, S. (2018) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-018-0046-4 · Cited by 86
A common factors perspective on mindfulness-based interventions
Goldberg, S. B. (2022) · Nature Reviews Psychology · doi:10.1038/s44159-022-00090-8 · Cited by 75
The readiness potential reflects intentional binding
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“We hypothesized that experienced meditators would display a different temporal attraction as they are better in continuously keeping the focus of attention on the specific task conditions (Chan and Woollacott, 2007; Lutz et al., 2009; MacLean et al., 2010).”
BackgroundThe Influence of Buddhist Meditation Traditions on the Autonomic System and Attention
Amihai, I., & Kozhevnikov, M. (2015) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2015/731579 · Cited by 71
Luhrmann, T. M., Alderson‐Day, B., Bell, V., Bless, J. J., Corlett, P. R., Hugdahl, K., Jones, N., Larøi, F., Moseley, P., Ramachandran, P., et al. (2018) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sby110 · Cited by 81
Video Game Design for Learning to Learn
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“In short, a certain time on task is required to induce persistent changes in behavior (Luis-Ruiz et al., 2020; MacLean et al., 2010; Scionti et al., 2020).”
BackgroundAnticipation of Monetary Reward Can Attenuate the Vigilance Decrement
Esterman, M. S., Grosso, M., Liu, G., Mitko, A., Morris, R., & Degutis, J. M. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0159741 · Cited by 82
“, [34]), and the implementation of breaks [35] (although see [36]).”
BackgroundWhat Makes Mindfulness-Based Interventions Effective? An Examination of Common Components
Kropp, A., & Sedlmeier, P. (2019) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-019-01167-x · Cited by 74
Rooks, J. D., Morrison, A. B., Goolsarran, M., Rogers, S. L., & Jha, A. P. (2017) · Journal of Cognitive Enhancement · doi:10.1007/s41465-017-0016-5 · Cited by 82
“…MT have demonstrated that MT can provide protective benefits to sustained attention and emotional well-being during high-demand intervals, as well as provide benefits above baseline over intervals without high demand (e.g., Jain et al. 2007; Jha et al. 2010, 2015; MacLean et al. 2010).”
Meditation and the Wandering Mind: A Theoretical Framework of Underlying Neurocognitive Mechanisms
Brandmeyer, T., & Arnaud Delorme, A. (2020) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691620917340 · Cited by 86
“Accumulating findings from contemplative-neuroscience research suggest that meditation practice strengthens the top-down feedback mechanisms involved in the regulation of attention (Brefczynski-Lewis et al., 2007; Chan & Woollacott, 2007; Jha, Krompinger, & Baime, 2007; Lutz et al., 2009; MacLean et al., 2010; Moore &…”
BackgroundIntensive meditation training influences emotional responses to suffering
Rosenberg, E. L., Zanesco, A. P., King, B. G., Aichele, S. R., Jacobs, T. L., Bridwell, D. A., MacLean, K. A., Shaver, P. R., Ferrer, E., Sahdra, B. K., et al. (2015) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/emo0000080 · Cited by 70
“…meditation techniques appears to improve perceptual discrimination (MacLean et al., 2010), attentional stability and vigilance (Lutz et al., 2009; MacLean et al., 2010; Zanesco, King, MacLean, & Saron, 2013), response inhibition (Sahdra et al., 2011; Zanesco et al., 2013), and the efficiency of…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationCasner, S. M., & Schooler, J. W. (2015) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2015.04.019 · Cited by 70
“Less practically, MacLean et al. (2010) have demonstrated the benefits of meditation and mindfulness training on subjects' ability to perform a sustained attention task.”
The Role of Heart Rate Variability in Mindfulness-Based Pain Relief
Adler-Neal, A. L., Waugh, C. E., Garland, E. L., Shaltout, H. A., Diz, D. I., & Zeidan, F. Z. (2019) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2019.07.003 · Cited by 73
Mindfulness Reduces the Correspondence Bias
Hopthrow, T., Hooper, N., Mahmood, L., Meier, B. P., & Weger, U. (2016) · Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1080/17470218.2016.1149498 · Cited by 75
“On the other hand, voluntary attention or attention to detail may have similar features to mindfulness but requires sustained focus, which is limited and leads to vigilance decrements (MacLean et al., 2010).”
Stieger, J., Engel, S. A., Jiang, H., Cline, C. C., Kreitzer, M. J., & He, B. (2020) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhaa234 · Cited by 67
“Lord, Teach Us to Pray”: Prayer Practice Affects Cognitive Processing
Luhrmann, T. M., Nusbaum, H. C., & Thisted, R. A. (2013) · Journal of Cognition and Culture · doi:10.1163/15685373-12342090 · Cited by 70
“These results were found among expert practitioners, as the outcome of a 3-month retreat and 5 hour per day practice (Lutz et al., 2009; MacLean et al., 2010), although Tang et al.”
ResultFalls and falls efficacy: the role of sustained attention in older adults
O’Halloran, A. M., Pénard, N., Galli, A., Fan, C. W., Robertson, I. H., & Kenny, R. A. (2011) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/1471-2318-11-85 · Cited by 66
Przyrembel, M., & Singer, T. (2018) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2018.04.004 · Cited by 77
Effects of Long-Term Mindfulness Meditation on Brain's White Matter Microstructure and its Aging
Laneri, D., Schuster, V., Dietsche, B., Jansen, A., Ott, U., & Sommer, J. B. (2016) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2015.00254 · Cited by 72
“Moreover, it has been shown thatMMmay contribute to improve cognitive performances such as attention, memory, and concentration (Jha et al., 2007; Tang et al., 2007; Lutz et al., 2009; MacLean et al., 2010; Chiesa et al., 2011; Greenberg et al., 2012; Mrazek et al., 2013).”
BackgroundGraser, J., & Stangier, U. (2018) · Harvard Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/hrp.0000000000000192 · Cited by 66
Trait Mindfulness and Functional Connectivity in Cognitive and Attentional Resting State Networks
Parkinson, T. D., Kornelsen, J., & Smith, S. D. (2019) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2019.00112 · Cited by 62
Hatha Yoga and Executive Function: A Systematic Review
Luu, K., & Hall, P. A. (2015) · The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine · doi:10.1089/acm.2014.0091 · Cited by 73
“28 Raghavendra and Telles 29 found that an acute bout of FA meditation improved attention and concentration task performance, while MacLean et al. 30 found that 3 months of intensive FA meditation training significantly improved vigilance during a visual attention task in novice meditators.”
Medicine for the wandering mind: mind wandering in medical practice
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Combating toxic workplace environment
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Self-reported mindfulness and cortisol during a Shamatha meditation retreat.
Jacobs, T. L., Shaver, P. R., Epel, E. S., Zanesco, A. P., Aichele, S., Bridwell, D. A., Rosenberg, E. L., King, B. G., MacLean, K. A., Sahdra, B. K., et al. (2013) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0031362 · Cited by 61
Self-citationBaijal, S., Jha, A. P., Kiyonaga, A., Singh, R., & Srinivasan, N. (2011) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00153 · Cited by 70
“…in meditation have reported changes in all three systems of attention, as well as many other aspects of attentional functioning in adults (BrefczynskiLewis et al., 2007; Slagter et al., 2007; Srinivasan and Baijal, 2007; Lutz et al., 2009; MacLean et al., 2010; for review see Lutz et al., 2008).”
BackgroundLevy, D. M., Wobbrock, J. O., Kaszniak, A. W., & Ostergren, M. (2012) · Cited by 59
Meditation training influences mind wandering and mindless reading.
Zanesco, A. P., King, B. G., MacLean, K. A., Jacobs, T. L., Aichele, S., Wallace, B. A., Smallwood, J., Schooler, J. W., & Saron, C. D. (2016) · Psychology of Consciousness Theory Research and Practice · doi:10.1037/cns0000082 · Cited by 65
“…participants were assessed at the beginning, middle, and end of each retreat using a comprehensive collection of cognitive, affective, and physiological measures (several of which are reported elsewhere, e.g., MacLean et al., 2010; Rosenberg et al., 2015; Saggar et al., 2015; Sahdra et al., 2011).”
BackgroundMethodSelf-citationMaladaptive daydreaming: Towards a nosological definition
Schimmenti, A., Somer, E., & Regis, M. (2019) · Annales Médico-psychologiques revue psychiatrique · doi:10.1016/j.amp.2019.08.014 · Cited by 69
“of mindfulness training in Jane’s treatment was based on evidence that it can enhance attention [64], decrease mind wandering and improve cognitive performance [77].”
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Control over experience? Magnitude of the attentional blink depends on meditative state
van Vugt, M. K., & Slagter, H. A. (2013) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2013.11.001 · Cited by 65
When and Why Threats Go Undetected
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Meditation and neurodegenerative diseases
Newberg, A. B., Serruya, M. D., Wintering, N., Moss, A., Reibel, D. K., & Monti, D. (2013) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.12187 · Cited by 57
Comparing Attachment Theory and Buddhist Psychology
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“More recent evidence from basic research, including our own, demonstrates the effectiveness of meditation in enhancing sustained attention (MacLean et al., 2010), adaptive psychological functioning (Sahdra et al., 2011), and levels of stressrelated biomarkers (Jacobs et al., 2011).”
BackgroundSelf-citationMindfulness and Attention: Current State-of-Affairs and Future Considerations
Prakash, R. S., Fountain‐Zaragoza, S., Kramer, A. F., Samimy, S., & Wegman, J. (2020) · Journal of Cognitive Enhancement · doi:10.1007/s41465-019-00144-5 · Cited by 64
Cognitive Aging and Long-Term Maintenance of Attentional Improvements Following Meditation Training
Zanesco, A. P., King, B. G., MacLean, K. A., & Saron, C. D. (2018) · Journal of Cognitive Enhancement · doi:10.1007/s41465-018-0068-1 · Cited by 59
“…(N = 30) group through stratified random assignment; groups were matched on age (M = 48.96 years at study assignment, range = 22–69), gender, prior meditation experience, and baseline personality variables (see MacLean et al. 2010; Sahdra et al. 2011, for full recruitment and matching criteria).”
InfluentialSelf-citationMeditation training modulates brain electric microstates and felt states of awareness
Zanesco, A. P., Skwara, A. C., King, B. G., Powers, C., Wineberg, K., & Saron, C. D. (2021) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.25430 · Cited by 55
“…with retreat-related improvements in attention and perceptual sensitivity that have previously been reported in these same study participants using behavioral and event-related potential methods (MacLean et al., 2010; Sahdra et al., 2011; Shields et al., 2020; Zanesco et al., 2018, 2019).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSelf-citationSmart, C. M., & Segalowitz, S. J. (2017) · Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/s13415-017-0539-3 · Cited by 51
“Research also suggests enhanced neural and behavioral functioning for healthy individuals, both novice and expert practitioners (Chiesa, Calati, & Serretti, 2011; Lutz, Slagter, Dunne, & Davidson, 2008; MacLean et al., 2010) as well as neurologic populations (Azulay et al.”
BackgroundJensen, C. G., Lansner, J., Petersen, A., Vangkilde, S., Ringkøbing, S. P., Frøkjær, V. G., Adamsen, D., Knudsen, G. M., Denninger, J. W., & Hasselbalch, S. G. (2015) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-015-2588-2 · Cited by 54
“Correspondingly, the visual perceptual threshold was also improved by yoga [8, 78] and mindfulness meditation [42, 52].”
Natural scene stimuli and lapses of sustained attention
Head, J. R., & Helton, W. S. (2012) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2012.08.009 · Cited by 51
“After decades of research addressing vigilance, the debate regarding the actual mechanism that causes the decrement is still ongoing (Brache, Scialfa, & Hudson, 2010; Greene et al., 2009; Helton & Warm, 2008; Maclean et al., 2010).”
Examining the relationship between skilled music training and attention
Wang, X., Ossher, L., & Reuter‐Lorenz, P. A. (2015) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2015.06.014 · Cited by 53
“One prominent idea is that these benefits may result from advantages in executive function (e.g., Hannon & Trainor, 2007; Miendlarzewska & Trost, 2014; Moreno et al., 2011; Schellenberg & Weiss, 2013).”
Can Specific Attentional Skills be Modified with Mindfulness Training for Novice Practitioners?
Becerra, R., Dandrade, C., & Harms, C. A. (2016) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-016-9454-y · Cited by 58
Wimmer, L., Bellingrath, S., & von Stockhausen, L. (2016) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01037 · Cited by 60
“…trainings (e.g., at least 10 days of intensive 2In this test, participants count objects from two semantic categories that are presented one by one in random order (Chambers et al., 2008). retreat covering 10 h of daily meditation practice, Chambers et al., 2008; Lutz et al., 2009; MacLean…”
BackgroundResultInfluentialAttention lapses and behavioural microsleeps during tracking, psychomotor vigilance, and dual tasks
Buckley, R. J., Helton, W. S., Innes, C., Dalrymple‐Alford, J. C., & Jones, R. D. (2016) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2016.09.002 · Cited by 55
Do meditators have higher awareness of their intentions to act?
Jo, H., Hinterberger, T., Wittmann, M., & Schmidt, S. (2015) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2014.12.015 · Cited by 54
Calm and smart? A selective review of meditation effects on decision making
Sun, S., Yao, Z., Wei, J., & Yu, R. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01059 · Cited by 53
“Behavioral evidence suggests that meditation-related interventions can increase sensitivity to sensations, thoughts, and feelings, and lead to more sustained attention (MacLean et al., 2010), cognitive flexibility (Moore and Malinowski, 2009), and working memory (van Vugt and Jha, 2011).”
BackgroundMethodEEG-guided meditation: A personalized approach
Fingelkurts, A. A., Fingelkurts, A. A., & Kallio-Tamminen, T. (2015) · Journal of Physiology-Paris · doi:10.1016/j.jphysparis.2015.03.001 · Cited by 50
“discrimination (MacLean et al., 2010); increased compassionate behavior (Condon et al.”
BackgroundJo, H., Schmidt, S., Inacker, E., Markowiak, M., & Hinterberger, T. (2015) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2015.11.016 · Cited by 57
The Effect of Mindfulness Training on Proactive and Reactive Cognitive Control
Li, Y., Liu, F., Zhang, Q., Liu, X., & Wei, P. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01002 · Cited by 57
“Interest in the group training itself, rather than the training method and content, led training group participants to recruit more attention than the waitlist control participants on the cognitive control task on the post-test (MacLean et al., 2010; MacCoon et al., 2014).”
BackgroundSchmalzl, L., Powers, C., Zanesco, A. P., Yetz, N. D., Groessl, E. J., & Saron, C. D. (2018) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2018.07.012 · Cited by 52
Self-citationMenezes, C. B., Couto, M. C. P. D. P., Buratto, L. G., Erthal, F. S., Pereira, M. G., & Bizarro, L. (2013) · Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1155/2013/984678 · Cited by 53
“In addition, participants were already meditators at pretest [57].”
BackgroundAttentional orienting and executive control are affected by different types of meditation practice
Tsai, M.-H., & Chou, W. (2016) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2016.09.020 · Cited by 53
Enhanced Attentional Network by Short-Term Intensive Meditation
Kwak, S., Kim, S.-Y., Bae, D., Hwang, W. J., Cho, K. I. K., Lim, K., Park, H.-Y., Lee, T. Y., & Kwon, J. S. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.03073 · Cited by 51
The Efficacy of a Virtual Reality-Based Mindfulness Intervention
Yildirim, C., & O'Grady, T. (2020) · IEEE International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Virtual Reality (AIVR) · doi:10.1109/aivr50618.2020.00035 · Cited by 49
“Additionally, longitudinal research that involved guidance and training of mindful breathing practices over the course of three months reported significant improvement in sustained attention [23].”
BackgroundElliott, J. C., Wallace, B. A., & Giesbrecht, B. (2014) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2014.00069 · Cited by 50
“measures of the alerting and executive attention networks”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationMindfulness Meditation and the Experience of Time
Wittmann, M., & Schmidt, S. (2013) · Studies in neuroscience, consciousness and spirituality · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-01634-4_11 · Cited by 48
Psychophysiology of duration estimation in experienced mindfulness meditators and matched controls
Simone, O., Schötz, E., Wittmann, M., Kohls, N., Schmidt, S., & Meißner, K. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01215 · Cited by 49
Lin, Y., Fisher, M. E., Roberts, S. M. M., & Moser, J. S. (2016) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2016.00451 · Cited by 47
“A rapidly growing body of scientific research, has indeed, demonstrated the salutary effects of mindfulness on cognition (Jha et al., 2010; MacLean et al., 2010), physiology (Davidson et al.”
Key factors for implementing mindfulness-based burnout interventions in surgery
Lebares, C. C., Guvva, E. V., Desai, A., Herschberger, A., Ascher, N. L., Harris, H. W., & O’Sullivan, P. (2020) · The American Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.amjsurg.2019.10.025 · Cited by 43
Theoretical Foundations to Guide Mindfulness Meditation: A Path to Wisdom
Karunamuni, N. D., & Weerasekera, R. (2017) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-017-9631-7 · Cited by 56
Sørensen, L., Osnes, B., Visted, E., Svendsen, J. L., Adólfsdóttir, S., Binder, P., & Schanche, E. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02359 · Cited by 50
“A central feature of mindfulness is the flexible and adaptive self-regulation of attention in accordance with contextual contingencies (Bishop et al., 2004; Malinowski, 2013; Tang et al., 2015).”
BackgroundMethodMorgan, W. J., & Katz, J. (2021) · Foreign Language Annals · doi:10.1111/flan.12525 · Cited by 47
Jha, A. P., Witkin, J. E., Morrison, A. B., Rostrup, N., & Stanley, E. A. (2017) · Journal of Cognitive Enhancement · doi:10.1007/s41465-017-0035-2 · Cited by 49
“…that MT can improve performance on measures of selective and sustained attention (e.g., Allen et al. 2012; Jensen et al. 2012; Jha et al. 2007; MacLean et al. 2010; Zanesco et al. 2013), and WM (Chambers et al. 2008; Jensen et al. 2012; Mrazek et al. 2013; Quach et al. 2016; Van Vugt and Jha…”
Jo, H., Wittmann, M., Borghardt, T. L., Hinterberger, T., & Schmidt, S. (2014) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2014.03.004 · Cited by 43
Impact of short-term meditation and expectation on executive brain functions
Prätzlich, M., Kossowsky, J., Gaab, J., & Krummenacher, P. (2015) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2015.10.012 · Cited by 43
Enhancing Spatial Attention and Working Memory in Younger and Older Adults
Rolle, C. E., Anguera, J. A., Skinner, S. N., Voytek, B., & Gazzaley, A. H. (2017) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn_a_01159 · Cited by 38
“…of cognitive training studies demonstrating plasticity of attention systems (Montani, De Filippo De Grazia, & Zorzi, 2014; Anguera et al., 2013; MacLean et al., 2010; Tang & Posner, 2009; Jha, Krompinger, & Baime, 2007; Bherer et al., 2005; Green & Bavelier, 2003; Kramer, Larish, & Strayer,…”
The Influence of a Brief Mindfulness Exercise on Encoding of Novel Words in Female College Students
Bonamo, K. K., Legerski, J., & Thomas, K. B. (2014) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-014-0285-3 · Cited by 46
From Retreat Center to Clinic to Boardroom? Perils and Promises of the Modern Mindfulness Movement
Farb, N. A. S. (2014) · Religions · doi:10.3390/rel5041062 · Cited by 49
“Intensive MT in a 3-month retreat setting appeared to improve the ability to sustain attention to even monotonous and difficult tasks, a capacity which was related to improvements in subjective well-being [76].”
BackgroundMore meditation, less habituation? The effect of mindfulness practice on the acoustic startle reflex
Antonova, E., Chadwick, P., & Kumari, V. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0123512 · Cited by 38
“It is possible that findings of MacLean et al are due to more intensive practice regime that either in MacCoon’s et al or in practitioners in our study.”
MethodShields, G. S., Skwara, A. C., King, B. G., Zanesco, A. P., Dhabhar, F. S., & Saron, C. D. (2020) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2020.06.034 · Cited by 40
Self-citationWhite Matter Microstructural Changes Following Quadrato Motor Training: A Longitudinal Study
Piervincenzi, C., Ben‐Soussan, T. D., Mauro, F., Mallio, C. A., Errante, Y., Quattrocchi, C. C., & Carducci, F. (2017) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2017.00590 · Cited by 40
“Mindfulness practices were reported to improve psychological health and well-being (Keng et al., 2011), as well as cognitive functions, such as attention, memory, and concentration (Jha et al., 2007; MacLean et al., 2010; Mrazek et al., 2013).”
BackgroundBóo, S. J. M., Childs‐Fegredo, J., Cooney, S., Datta, B., Dufour, G., Jones, P. B., & Galante, J. (2019) · Counselling and Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1002/capr.12282 · Cited by 50
Reb, J. M., & Narayanan, J. (2013) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-013-0232-8 · Cited by 48
Turan, B., Foltz, C., Cavanagh, J. F., Wallace, B. A., Cullen, M., Rosenberg, E. L., Jennings, P. A., Ekman, P., & Kemeny, M. E. (2014) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.11.014 · Cited by 40
“A large number of studies indicate that meditative practice, including mindfulness practices, enhances attentional processes (Tang et al., 2007; MacLean et al., 2010; Prakash et al., 2010; Menezes”
BackgroundSelf-citationZanesco, A. P., King, B. G., Powers, C., Meo‐Monteil, R. D., Wineberg, K., MacLean, K. A., & Saron, C. D. (2019) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn_a_01419 · Cited by 39
Self-citationThe Effects of Mindfulness Practice on Attentional Functions Among Primary School Children
Tarrasch, R. (2018) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-018-1073-9 · Cited by 52
“…the effects of mindfulness meditation on attentional processes, there are reports on improvements in sustained attention (Lutz et al. 2009; MacLean et al. 2010; Morrison et al. 2014; Semple 2010), attention regulation (Tang et al. 2007; Wenk-Sormaz 2005), selective attention (Jensen et…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialThe Effects of 8-Week Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Program on Cognitive Control: an EEG Study
Incagli, F., Tarantino, V., Crescentini, C., & Vallesi, A. (2019) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-019-01288-3 · Cited by 41
Meditation and Health: The Search for Mechanisms of Action
Kok, B. E., Waugh, C. E., & Fredrickson, B. L. (2013) · Social and Personality Psychology Compass · doi:10.1111/spc3.12006 · Cited by 44
“This conversation has also led to the design of meditation interventions such as the Shamatha Project that more smoothly combine scientific goals with the active core of meditative practice (Jacobs et al., 2011; MacLean et al., 2010; Saggar et al., 2012; Sahdra et al., 2011).”
BackgroundMindfulness Training to Promote Self-Regulation in Youth: Effects of the Inner Kids Program
Galla, B. M., Greenland, S. K., & Black, D. S. (2016) · Mindfulness in behavioral health · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-3506-2_19 · Cited by 40
Ralph, B. C. W., Wammes, J. D., Barr, N., & Smilek, D. (2017) · Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology/Revue canadienne de psychologie expérimentale · doi:10.1037/cep0000116 · Cited by 39
“One technique suggested to improve such an ability is that of mindfulness training (Jha et al., 2015; MacLean et al., 2010; Mrazek, Smallwood, & Schooler, 2012; Mrazek, Franklin, Phillips, Baird, & Schooler, 2013; Tang & Posner, 2009; Zeidan, Johnson, Diamond, David, & Goolkasian, 2010).”
Lin, Y., Fisher, M. E., & Moser, J. S. (2018) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsy113 · Cited by 45
“, 2007), whereas long-term mindfulness training and intensive meditative experience appear to relate to improved alerting (Pagnoni and Cekic, 2007; MacLean et al., 2010).”
BackgroundResultMindfulness Meditators Show Enhanced Accuracy and Different Neural Activity During Working Memory
Bailey, N. W., Freedman, G., Raj, K., Spierings, K. N., Piccoli, L. R., Sullivan, C. M., Chung, S. W., Hill, A. T., Rogasch, N. C., & Fitzgerald, P. B. (2020) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-020-01393-8 · Cited by 37
Electrocortical Activity Prior to Unpredictable Stimuli in Meditators and Nonmeditators
Radin, D. I., Vieten, C., Michel, L., & Arnaud Delorme, A. (2011) · EXPLORE · doi:10.1016/j.explore.2011.06.004 · Cited by 41
Schöne, B., Gruber, T., Graetz, S., Bernhof, M., & Malinowski, P. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-32046-5 · Cited by 40
“15, but no significant interaction of TIME and GROUP, F(1,27) = 1.”
BackgroundMethodGiannandrea, A., Simione, L., Pescatori, B., Ferrell, K., Belardinelli, M. O., Hickman, S. D., & Raffone, A. (2018) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-018-1070-5 · Cited by 42
King, B. G., Conklin, Q. A., Zanesco, A. P., & Saron, C. D. (2019) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2018.12.021 · Cited by 46
Self-citationThe mindful leader: a review of leadership qualities derived from mindfulness meditation
Doornich, J. B., & Lynch, H. M. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1322507 · Cited by 50
Sebastiani, M., di Flumeri, G., Aricó, P., Sciaraffa, N., Babiloni, F., & Borghini, G. (2020) · Brain Science · doi:10.3390/brainsci10010048 · Cited by 33
“The literature contains a large number of means for vigilance enhancement, including mental training [24], meditation [25], sports [26], caffeine [27], video games [28], nicotine [29], diet and herbal extracts [30], chewing gum [31], odor/fragrances exposure [32], transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation (tACS) [3…”
BackgroundMindfulness training, cognitive performance and stress reduction
Charness, G., Bihan, Y. L., & Villeval, M. C. (2023) · Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization · doi:10.1016/j.jebo.2023.10.027 · Cited by 46
Edwards, M. K., & Loprinzi, P. D. (2018) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.1177/0033294118755099 · Cited by 37
“…times per week for a number of weeks (e.g., 8- to 10-week mindfulness-based stress reduction programs) (Grossman, Niemann, Schmidt, & Walach, 2004), or is practiced intensely for a number of hours/days at a time (Al-Hussaini et al., 2001; Keng, Smoski, & Robins, 2011; MacLean et al., 2010).”
BackgroundWillis, E., & Dinehart, L. H. B. (2013) · Early Child Development and Care · doi:10.1080/03004430.2013.804069 · Cited by 44
“the concept of mindfulness, could promote the awareness of actions and increase selfregulation skills (Diamond & Lee, 2011; Fisher, 2006; MacLean et al., 2010; Meltzer, 2010; Volkman, 2010).”
BackgroundMeditation, Cognitive Flexibility and Well-Being
Hartkamp, M., & Thornton, I. M. (2017) · Journal of Cognitive Enhancement · doi:10.1007/s41465-017-0026-3 · Cited by 37
“However, our findings from the cognitive measures contrast with previous literature suggesting that the cultivation of mindfulness improves attentional abilities and cognitive functioning (see e.g. Lutz et al. 2009; Jha et al. 2007; MacLean et al. 2010).”
BackgroundResultMiyata, H., Minagawa‐Kawai, Y., Watanabe, S., Sasaki, T., & Ueda, K. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0036091 · Cited by 33
“A growing body of evidence suggests that meditative training based on Oriental Zen practice enhances various abilities including visual perception, attention, and cognition [14–17].”
BackgroundThe beneficial effects of meditation: contribution of the anterior cingulate and locus coeruleus.
Craigmyle, N. A. (2013) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00731 · Cited by 32
“…have repeatedly been found to exhibit an enhanced receptivity to stimuli (Jha et al., 2007; Slagter et al., 2007, 2009; Kerr et al., 2008; MacLean et al., 2010; Naranjo and Schmidt, 2012; Cahn et al., 2013; Mirams et al., 2013), including to low salience and habituated standard stimuli…”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- MacLean, K. A., Ferrer, E., Aichele, S. R., Bridwell, D. A., Zanesco, A. P., Jacobs, T. L., King, B. G., Rosenberg, E. L., Sahdra, B. K., Shaver, P. R., Wallace, B. A., Mangun, G. R., & Saron, C. D.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Davis (US)
- University of California, Irvine (US)
- University of California, Santa Barbara (US)
- Corresponding author
- MacLean, Katherine A.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Psychological Science
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2010-05-11
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 829-839
- ISSN
- 0956-7976 (ISSN-L)
- 1467-9280
- PMC
- PMC3132583
- OpenAlex
- W2151443397
- Cited by
- 623
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 97 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 52 · 2019: 43 · 2018: 39 · 2017: 53 · 2016: 47 · 2015: 47 · 2014: 30 · 2013: 40 · 2012: 33
- FWCI
- 18.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Psychological Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Research Bank (Australian Catholic University) (submittedVersion)
- University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- Fetzer Institute
- National Institutes of Health (5r01mh055714-13)
- Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01-MH055714)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Mind wandering and attention
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Keywords
- meditation training, sustained attention, vigilance decrement, perceptual discrimination, perceptual sensitivity, visual discrimination, selective attention, attentional fatigue, mindfulness
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Arousal, Attention, Discrimination, Psychological, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Visual Perception, Meditation, Young Adult
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