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Acetaminophen Reduces Social Pain: Behavioral and Neural Evidence
Abstract
Pain, whether caused by physical injury or social rejection, is an inevitable part of life. These two types of pain-physical and social-may rely on some of the same behavioral and neural mechanisms that register pain-related affect. To the extent that these pain processes overlap, acetaminophen, a physical pain suppressant that acts through central (rather than peripheral) neural mechanisms, may also reduce behavioral and neural responses to social rejection. In two experiments, participants took acetaminophen or placebo daily for 3 weeks. Doses of acetaminophen reduced reports of social pain on a daily basis (Experiment 1). We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to measure participants' brain activity (Experiment 2), and found that acetaminophen reduced neural responses to social rejection in brain regions previously associated with distress caused by social pain and the affective component of physical pain (dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, anterior insula). Thus, acetaminophen reduces behavioral and neural responses associated with the pain of social rejection, demonstrating substantial overlap between social and physical pain.
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“healthy young adults who were randomly assigned to take acetaminophen twice a day for 3 weeks exhibited significantly fewer hurt feelings on a daily basis and less neural sensitivity to a laboratory-based episode of social rejection (i.e., Cyberball) compared to their counterparts in the placebo condition”
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“…that acetaminophen can attenuate both positive and negative emotional responses, consistent with a broader dampening of evaluative salience potentially relevant to ambivalent processing (DeWall et al., 2010; Durso et al., 2015; Mischkowski et al., 2019; Randles et al., 2016; Roberts et al., 2019).”
Pain, Emotions, and Analgesia: A Neurobiological and Pharmacotherapeutic Correlation
Oleshchuk, O., & Чорномидз, А. В. (2026) · Galician Medical Journal · doi:10.21802/e-gmj2026-a06
Agrawal, M., Vardhan, G., Singh, Y., Kathrotia, R., & Goel, A. (2026) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.105475
“Emerging evidence suggests partial overlap between the physical and emotional pain networks [6, 24], and neurobiological evidence indicates that social pain can be mitigated by analgesics such as acetaminophen, just as physical pain [25].”
Zhang, Y., Wang, Z., Chen, Y., Tao, D., & Liang, Y. (2025) · EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking · doi:10.1186/s13638-025-02530-4
Umeda, M., Kim, Y., Park, S., & Chung, E. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0333507
Over-the-counter analgesic usage: associations with attentional biases in young women
Roalsø, E. S., Klonteig, S., Kraft, B., Skarstein, S., Hilland, E., Mirtaheri, P., Aalberg, M., & Jonassen, R. (2024) · Behavioural Pharmacology · doi:10.1097/fbp.0000000000000795
“Dewall et al .”
Effect of the Impurities on Drugs, Metabolism, and the Role of the Isoenzyme CYP3A4
Dreshaj, A., Dreshaj, A., Veseli, D., Sinanaj, D., Morina, E., Dehari, S., & Dehari, D. (2024) · Acta Medica Bulgarica · doi:10.2478/amb-2024-0052
Response: Commentary: Acetaminophen Enhances the Reflective Learning Process
Shumake, J., Pearson, R., Koslov, S., Hamilton, B., Carver, C., & Beevers, C. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02099
““Although speculative, acetaminophen could potentially help people make difficult decisions by reducing emotional responses to affective contexts while at the same time facilitating more deliberative, effortful information processing (DeWall et al., 2010)” (p.”
BackgroundGlosemeyer, R., Diekelmann, S., Cassel, W., Kesper, K., Koehler, U., Westermann, S., Steffen, A., Borgwardt, S., Wilhelm, I., Müller-Pinzler, L., et al. (2020) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/2020.06.15.148759
Antheaume, B. (2019) · Albertus Magnus, Super Iohannem (Ioh. 1, 1-18) · doi:10.4000/books.septentrion.77228
Hypnotherapeutische Interventionen zur Behandlung von Schmerzen
Hönig, K. (2018) · Der Onkologe · doi:10.1007/s00761-018-0492-y
Milewski, T., & Orr, P. T. (2018) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/bne0000262
van Heeringen, K. (2018) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316563205.011
van Heeringen, K. (2018) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316563205.005
van Heeringen, K. (2018) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316563205.007
van Heeringen, K. (2018) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316563205.012
van Heeringen, K. (2018) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316563205.015
I Predict, Therefore I Cannot Be
van Heeringen, K. (2018) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316563205.009
What Is Suicidal Behavior, and Can It Be Prevented?
van Heeringen, K. (2018) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316563205.002
Metadata
- Authors
- DeWall, C. N., MacDonald, G., Webster, G. D., Masten, C. L., Baumeister, R. F., Powell, C., Combs, D., Schurtz, D. R., Stillman, T. F., Tice, D. M., & Eisenberger, N. I.
- Affiliations
- University of Kentucky (US)
- University of Toronto (CA)
- University of Florida (US)
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Florida State University (US)
- Georgia College & State University (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Psychological Science
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2010-06-14
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 931-937
- ISSN
- 0956-7976 (ISSN-L)
- 1467-9280
- OpenAlex
- W2114477072
- Cited by
- 486
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 34 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 51 · 2017: 32 · 2016: 34 · 2015: 36 · 2014: 46 · 2013: 25 · 2012: 27
- FWCI
- 35.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychological Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH-65999)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Pain Mechanisms and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- paracetamol, social pain, social rejection, bodily pain, analgesia, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, anterior insula, placebo, affective pain
- MeSH terms
- Acetaminophen, Brain, Brain Mapping, Female, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Pain, Reference Values, Rejection, Psychology, Social Behavior, Social Desirability, Stress, Psychological, Students, Analgesics, Non-Narcotic
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