Understanding Genetic Risk for Aggression: Clues From the Brain’s Response to Social Exclusion
Abstract
Background Although research indicates a relationship between the monoamine oxidase-A (MAOA) gene and aggression, the intervening neural and psychological mechanisms are unknown. Individuals with the low expression allele (MAOA-L) of a functional polymorphism in the MAOA gene might be prone to aggression because they are socially or emotionally hyposensitive and thus care less about harming others or because they are socially or emotionally hypersensitive and thus respond to negative social experiences with defensively aggressive behavior.Methods We investigated the relationships between the MAOA polymorphism, trait aggression, trait interpersonal hypersensitivity, and neural responses to social exclusion in 32 healthy men and women.Results The MAOA-L individuals (men and women) reported higher trait aggression than individuals with the high expression allele (MAOA-H). The MAOA-L individuals reported higher trait interpersonal hypersensitivity and showed greater dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) activity (associated with rejection-related distress) to social exclusion compared with MAOA-H individuals, consistent with a social hypersensitivity hypothesis. Moreover, the MAOA-aggression relationship was mediated by greater dACC reactivity to social exclusion, suggesting that MAOA might relate to aggression through socioemotional hypersensitivity.Conclusions These data suggest that the relationship between MAOA and aggression might be due to a heightened rather than a reduced sensitivity to negative socioemotional experiences like social rejection.
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Extant fMRI research has induced feelings of rejection that may not be particularly intense.
“This fi nding is noteworthy because extant fMRI research has induced feelings of rejection that may not be particularly intense.”
From Social rejection shares somatosensory representations with physical pain (2011) · cites this paper as [10]
Activation of the anterior cingulate cortex has been associated with genotypic variations in DRD2 and MAOA, high skin conductance reactivity, and negative emotionality/neuroticism.
“Activation of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), for example, has been associated with genotypic variations in DRD2 (Pecina et al., 2013) and MAOA (Eisenberger et al., 2007), high skin conductance reactivity (Nagai et al., 2010), and negative emotionality/neuroticism (Haas et al., 2007).”
From Adolescent neurobiological susceptibility to social context (2016) · cites this paper as Eisenberger et al., 2007
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- Authors
- Eisenberger, N. I., Way, B. M., Taylor, S. E., Welch, W. T., & Lieberman, M. D.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Corresponding author
- Eisenberger, Naomi I.
- Venue
- Biological Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2007-05
- Volume
- 61
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1100-1108
- ISSN
- 0006-3223 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2148207563
- Cited by
- 229
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 17
- FWCI
- 5.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Biological Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH056880, R01MH56880, R21MH066709, MH15750, T32MH019925, R21MH071521, R21MH66709, T32MH015750)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression
- Keywords
- monoamine oxidase A, aggression, social exclusion, social rejection, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, trait aggression, genetic risk
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aggression, Alleles, Brain Chemistry, Cerebral Cortex, Emotions, Female, Genotype, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Polymorphism, Genetic, Psychological Tests, Risk, Social Environment, Clinical Trials Data Monitoring Committees
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