Cited by 459Entrepreneurship Studies and InfluencesBusiness Strategies and InnovationInnovation and Knowledge Management

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 9 of the 9 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The Lean Startup Framework: Closing the Academic–Practitioner Divide

Open access
Shepherd, Dean A., Gruber, Marc·2021·Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice

Abstract

The lean startup framework is one of the most popular contributions in the practitioner-oriented entrepreneurship literature. This study seeks to generate new insights into how new ventures are started by describing the five main building blocks of the lean startup framework (business model, validated learning/customer development, minimum viable product, perseverance vs. pivoting, market-opportunity navigation), enriching the framework with existing research findings, and proposing promising research opportunities in a way that reduces the academic−practitioner divide. In so doing, we hope to enhance researchers’ understanding of the startup process; provide knowledge for educators; and, ultimately, improve the startup process for practitioners.

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1177/1042258719899415

Cites

9 of 9 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Citations

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 139

  1. 10.1016/j.lrp.2013.04.002 · DOI · Paper page
  2. 10.1016/j.jbusvent.2007.09.001 · DOI
  3. 10.1002/sej.1170 · DOI
  4. 10.5465/amj.2010.0328 · DOI
  5. 10.1016/j.lrp.2013.08.023 · DOI
  6. 10.5465/amj.2013.1165 · DOI
  7. 10.1016/j.jbvi.2018.02.001 · DOI
  8. Birkinshaw J., Goddard J. (2009). What is your management model? MIT Sloan Management Review, 50(2), 81.
  9. Blank S. (2013). Why the lean startup changes everything. Harvard Business Review, 91(5), 63–72.
  10. Blank S., Dorf B. (2012). The startup owner’s manual: The step-by-step guide for building a great company. K&S Ranch.
  11. 10.1080/21681015.2014.1000399 · DOI
  12. 10.1017/CBO9780511812507 · DOI · Paper page
  13. Brown T. (2008). Design thinking. Harvard Business Review, 86(6), 84.
  14. 10.1287/orsc.12.2.198.10116 · DOI
  15. 10.2307/2393807 · DOI
  16. 10.1177/0018726708094858 · DOI
  17. 10.1111/etap.12046 · DOI
  18. 10.1080/0267257X.2017.1284436 · DOI
  19. 10.1016/j.lrp.2005.04.005 · DOI
  20. 10.1287/orsc.13.4.442.2953 · DOI
  21. 10.1287/orsc.1040.0094 · DOI · Paper page
  22. 10.1093/icc/11.3.529 · DOI
  23. Collis D. (2016). Lean strategy. Harvard Business Review, 94(3), 62–68.
  24. 10.1093/icc/dtz013 · DOI
  25. 10.1016/0883-9026(94)90013-2 · DOI
  26. 10.1177/1042258718783430 · DOI
  27. 10.1177/104225879101600102 · DOI
  28. 10.2307/1511837 · DOI
  29. 10.1007/s11187-015-9631-7 · DOI
  30. 10.5465/AMBPP.2019.57 · DOI
  31. Denoo L., Yli-Renko H., Clarysse B. (2018). Tweaks and Pivots: The impact of customer ties on young firms’ business model adaptation in an emerging industry. Academy of Management Global Proceedings, 2018, 30.
  32. 10.2307/2393080 · DOI
  33. 10.1016/j.jbusvent.2007.09.004 · DOI
  34. 10.1108/S1074-754020160000018001 · DOI
  35. 10.1177/014920630302900304 · DOI
  36. 10.1016/S0024-6301(98)00092-2 · DOI
  37. Elkington J., Hartigan P. (2008). The power of unreasonable people: How social entrepreneurs create markets that change the world. Harvard Business Press.
  38. 10.5465/amj.2009.0211 · DOI
  39. 10.1177/0149206316675927 · DOI
  40. 10.1023/A:1007942918390 · DOI
  41. Gambardella A., Camuffo A., Cordova A., Spina C. (in press). A scientific approach to entrepreneurial decision making: Evidence from a randomized control trial. Management Science, forthcoming.
  42. 10.1002/smj.3010 · DOI
  43. 10.1177/104225878801200401 · DOI
  44. 10.5465/amr.2012.0055 · DOI
  45. 10.2307/2666981 · DOI
  46. 10.2307/2393656 · DOI
  47. 10.1037/0021-9010.93.1.48 · DOI
  48. 10.5465/amj.2011.0126 · DOI
  49. 10.5465/ambpp.2016.13681abstract · DOI
  50. 10.1111/j.1467-6486.2010.00922.x · DOI
  51. 10.5465/amj.2015.0823 · DOI
  52. 10.1002/sej.1196 · DOI
  53. 10.1002/sej.1262 · DOI
  54. Gruber M., Tal S. (2017). Where to play: 3 steps for discovering your most valuable market opportunities. Pearson.
  55. Gruber M., Thiel J. (2009). L’identification des opportunités de marché par les entreprises technologiques. Revue Economique et Sociale, 3(ARTICLE), 25–39.
  56. 10.1002/smj.865 · DOI
  57. 10.1287/mnsc.1080.0877 · DOI
  58. 10.1177/0149206310386228 · DOI
  59. 10.1287/orsc.1110.0721 · DOI
  60. 10.1016/j.orgdyn.2012.01.006 · DOI
  61. Harggqvist S. (1996). Thought experiments in philosophy. In Stockholm studies in philosophy. Almqvist & Wiksel International.
  62. 10.1111/j.1467-6486.2009.00824.x · DOI
  63. 10.1002/smj.196 · DOI
  64. 10.1016/S0149-2063_03_00086-2 · DOI
  65. 10.1111/etap.12232 · DOI
  66. 10.1016/S0010-0277(99)00015-3 · DOI
  67. 10.1002/smj.2285 · DOI
  68. 10.1287/mnsc.38.5.623 · DOI
  69. Latour B. (1987). Science in action: How to follow scientists and engineers through society. Harvard university press.
  70. 10.1017/CBO9780511609268 · DOI · Paper page
  71. 10.1016/j.jbusvent.2006.06.001 · DOI
  72. 10.1002/9781119154273.ch1 · DOI
  73. 10.2307/258632 · DOI · Paper page
  74. Magretta J. (2002). Why business models matter. Harvard Business Review, 80(5), 3–8.
  75. 10.1016/j.jwb.2009.09.004 · DOI
  76. 10.1016/0167-9236(94)00041-2 · DOI
  77. 10.5465/amj.2007.27169488 · DOI
  78. 10.5465/annals.2014.0072 · DOI
  79. 10.1016/j.jbusvent.2014.07.004 · DOI
  80. Maurya A. (2011). Running lean: Iterate from plan A to a plan that works. O’Reilly.
  81. McDonald R., Eisenhardt K. M. (2014). Competing in new markets and the search for a viable business model. Harvard Business School.
  82. 10.1016/0883-9026(92)90002-9 · DOI
  83. 10.5465/amr.1999.1580438 · DOI
  84. 10.1016/j.lrp.2009.07.005 · DOI · Paper page
  85. McGrath R. G., MacMillan I. C. (1995). Discovery driven planning. Harvard Business Review, 73(4), 44–54.
  86. McGrath R. G. MacMillan I. C. (2000). The entrepreneurial mindset: Strategies for continuously creating opportunity in an age of uncertainty. Harvard Business Press.
  87. 10.1177/1042258717747056 · DOI
  88. 10.1017/S1744137413000386 · DOI
  89. 10.1002/smj.2109 · DOI
  90. 10.1002/smj.905 · DOI
  91. 10.1016/j.jbvi.2016.05.001 · DOI
  92. 10.1287/orsc.1110.0664 · DOI
  93. Osterwalder A. (2004) The business model ontology: A proposition in a design science approach. Doctoral dissertation. University of Lausanne
  94. Osterwalder A., Pigneur Y. (2010). Business model generation: a handbook for visionaries, game changers, and challengers. John Wiley & Sons.
  95. Osterwalder A., Pigneur Y., Tucci C. L. (2005). Clarifying business models: Origins, present, and future of the concept. Communications of the Association for Information Systems, 16(1), 1.doi:10.17705/1CAIS.01601 · DOI
  96. 10.1111/1467-6486.00343 · DOI
  97. 10.5465/amr.2006.20208683 · DOI
  98. Peterson B. K., Wong-On-Wing B. (2000). An examination of the positive test strategy in auditors’ hypothesis testing. Behavioral Research in Accounting, 12, 257.
  99. 10.1017/S0031819100066110 · DOI
  100. Porter L. W. McKibbon L. E. (1998). Management education and development: Drift or thrust into the 21st century? McGraw-Hill.
  101. Ries E. (2011). The lean startup: How today’s entrepreneurs use continuous innovation to create radically successful businesses. Crown Books.
  102. 10.1287/orsc.14.5.558.16769 · DOI
  103. Russo J. E., Schoemaker P. J. (1992). Managing overconfidence. Sloan Management Review, 33(2), 7–17.
  104. 10.2307/3069460 · DOI
  105. 10.1111/j.1744-6570.1999.tb00183.x · DOI
  106. 10.1016/0883-9026(87)90016-4 · DOI
  107. 10.1016/j.jbusvent.2011.06.002 · DOI
  108. 10.5465/amj.2011.0776 · DOI
  109. 10.1002/smj.2499 · DOI
  110. 10.1177/0149206316647102 · DOI
  111. 10.5465/amp.2018.0013 · DOI
  112. 10.1016/j.jbusvent.2019.105947 · DOI
  113. 10.1287/orsc.11.4.448.14602 · DOI
  114. 10.2307/30040715 · DOI
  115. 10.5465/amr.2009.0157 · DOI
  116. 10.1177/0149206314541153 · DOI
  117. Sitkin S. B. (1992). Learning through failure: The strategy of small losses. Research in Organizational Behavior, 14, 231–266.
  118. 10.5465/amj.2017.0706 · DOI
  119. Sohl T., Vroom G., Fitza M. (in press). How much does business model matter for firm performance? A variance decomposition analysis. Academy of Management Discoveries, in press.doi:10.5465/amd.2017.0136 · DOI
  120. 10.1177/1476127009102674 · DOI
  121. 10.1111/radm.12071 · DOI
  122. 10.1177/030631289019003001 · DOI · Paper page
  123. Suddaby R. (Ed.). (2010). Editor’s comments: Construct clarity in theories of management and organization.. · DOI · Paper page
  124. 10.5465/AMBPP.2012.13679abstract · DOI
  125. 10.1016/j.jbusvent.2005.12.003 · DOI
  126. 10.1177/0149206312457823 · DOI
  127. 10.1016/j.jbusvent.2008.01.008 · DOI
  128. 10.2307/j.ctvcm4hqc · DOI
  129. 10.1111/radm.12069 · DOI
  130. 10.2307/2393339 · DOI · Paper page
  131. 10.2307/258556 · DOI
  132. 10.1177/0170840606071945 · DOI
  133. 10.1177/1042258719834014 · DOI
  134. 10.1016/j.jbusvent.2004.01.001 · DOI · Paper page
  135. 10.1111/jsbm.12437 · DOI
  136. 10.1287/orsc.2017.1188 · DOI
  137. 10.5465/amj.2013.0657 · DOI
  138. 10.1287/orsc.1060.0232 · DOI · Paper page
  139. 10.1177/0149206311406265 · DOI · Paper page

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Metadata

Authors
Shepherd, D. A., & Gruber, M.
Affiliations
  • University of Notre Dame (US)
  • École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (CH)
Corresponding author
Shepherd, Dean A.
Venue
Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice
Published
2020-01-16
Volume
45
Issue
5
Pages
967-998
ISSN
  • 1042-2587 (ISSN-L)
  • 1540-6520
OpenAlex
W2999610823
Cited by
459
References
9
Citations by year
2026: 73 · 2025: 85 · 2024: 96 · 2023: 82 · 2022: 63 · 2021: 43 · 2020: 16
FWCI
47.49
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
  • Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Management of Technology and Innovation › Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences
  • Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Strategy and Management › Business Strategies and Innovation
  • Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Strategy and Management › Innovation and Knowledge Management
Keywords
startups, start-up process, business models, customer development, minimum viable product, pivoting, perseverance, academic-practitioner divide, entrepreneurship education

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review