The Effects of Family-Based Mindfulness Intervention on ADHD Symptomology in Young Children and Their Parents: A Randomized Control Trial

Lo, Herman H. M.; Wong, Simpson W. L.; Wong, Janet Y. H.; Yeung, Jerf W. K.; Snel, Eline; Wong, Samuel Y. S.

doi:10.1177/1087054717743330

Cited by 111Attention Deficit Hyperactivity DisorderMindfulness and Compassion InterventionsChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development

The Effects of Family-Based Mindfulness Intervention on ADHD Symptomology in Young Children and Their Parents: A Randomized Control Trial

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Lo, Herman H. M., Wong, Simpson W. L., Wong, Janet Y. H., Yeung, Jerf W. K., Snel, Eline, Wong, Samuel Y. S.·2020·Journal of Attention Disorders

DOI 10.1177/1087054717743330

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Abstract

Objective: The aim of the study is to investigate the feasibility of a family-based mindfulness intervention in improving children with inattention and hyperactivity symptoms. Method: A total of 100 children aged 5 to 7 years with ADHD symptoms and their parents were randomly assigned to a family-based mindfulness intervention ( n = 50) or a wait-list control group ( n = 50). Results: Families from intervention group had greater improvements in children’s ADHD symptoms, with medium effect sizes of −0.60 for inattention and −0.59 for hyperactivity; overall behaviors; and parenting stress and well-being than those in wait-list control group. Conclusion: The positive results on the child primary outcome measures have provided initial evidence of the family-based mindfulness intervention as a treatment option to ADHD. The reduction of parental stress and increase in psychological well-being has demonstrated the value of mindfulness in enhancing parent’s self-management.

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An estimation of intra-class coefficient of 0.07 is based on PI's two recent mindfulness multi-site studies [48,49], and 240 caregivers will be recruited for this study.
“Additionally, an estimation of intra-class coefficient of 0.07 is based on PI’s two recent mindfulness multi-site studies [48,49], and 240 caregivers will be recruited for this study.”
From Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Caregivers of Frail Older Chinese Adults: A Study Protocol (2022) · cites this paper as [49]
The Study Design and Procedures section describes a mindfulness trial involving three Hong Kong organizations, but the Statistical Analysis section does not report an intra-class coefficient. Searches for 0.07 and for a multi-site intra-class correlation found no passage establishing the estimate attributed to this study. The plan to recruit 240 caregivers belongs to the citing study, not this citation. (LLM, conf=0.76)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Preliminary evidence shows that yoga and mindfulness interventions can decrease core symptoms of ADHD in children and adolescents and that joint participation in mindfulness-based interventions between parents and children with ADHD can help to relieve parental stress and over-reactivity.
“Preliminary evidence shows that yoga and mindfulness interventions can decrease core symptoms of ADHD in children and adolescents65 66 and that joint participation in mindfulness-based interventions between parents and children with ADHD can help to relieve parental stress and over-reactivity.65 67”
From Biological mechanism study of meditation and its application in mental disorders (2020) · cites this paper as [65]

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MethodResult
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“In saying this, six of the examined studies did not find an effect in one or more of the domains examined (i.e. depression, anxiety, stress; Behbahani et al. 2018; Chan and Neece 2018; Ferraioli and Harris 2013; Lo et al. 2017, Lo et al. 2020, Mak et al. 2018; Whittingham et al. 2015).”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
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“Children with ADHD, for example,may not be able to engage as easily with long sessions which are insufficiently stimulating, or that require high levels of selfregulation and freedom from distraction (Evans et al., 2018; Lo et al., 2020; Van der Oord, B€ ogels, & Peijnenburg, 2012).”
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Mindfulness for children with ADHD and Mindful Parenting (MindChamp): Protocol of a randomised controlled trial comparing a family Mindfulness-Based Intervention as an add-on to care-as-usual with care-as-usual only
Siebelink, N. M., Bögels, S. M., Boerboom, L. M., de Waal, N., Buitelaar, J. K., Speckens, A. E. M., & Greven, C. U. (2018) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-018-1811-y · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Applying the Mindful Parenting Program Among Chinese Parents of Children with ADHD: A Randomized Control Trial
Liu, P., Qiu, S., Lo, H. H. M., Song, X., & Qian, Q. (2021) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-021-01616-6 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citation
Effectiveness of mindfulness parent training on parenting stress and children’s ADHD-related behaviors: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Lee, C. S. C., Ng, K.-H., Chan, P. C. K., & Peng, X. (2022) · Hong Kong Journal of Occupational Therapy · doi:10.1177/15691861211073826 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
The Effects of Mindfulness for Youth (MYmind) versus Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Improving Attention and Reducing Behavioral Problems among Children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Their Parents: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Wong, S. Y. S., Chan, S. K. C., Yip, B. H. K., Wang, W., Lo, H. H. M., Zhang, D., & Bögels, S. M. (2023) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000534962 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Self-citation
Mindfulness for Children With ADHD and Mindful Parenting (MindChamp): A Qualitative Study on Feasibility and Effects
Siebelink, N. M., Kaijadoe, S. P. T., van Horssen, F. M., Holtland, J. N. P., Bögels, S. M., Buitelaar, J. K., Speckens, A. E. M., & Greven, C. U. (2020) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054720945023 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Effects of a Mindfulness-based Intervention on diurnal cortisol pattern in disadvantaged families: A randomized controlled trial
Ho, R., Lo, H. H. M., Fong, T. C. T., & Choi, C. W. (2020) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104696 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citation
Effects of Mindfulness-Based Parallel-Group Interventions on Family Functioning and Child and Parent Mental Health: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Xie, Q., Dai, X., Lyu, R., & Lu, S. (2021) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-021-01728-z · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Parental Reflective Capacities: A Scoping Review of Mindful Parenting and Parental Reflective Functioning
Huynh, T., Kerr, M. L., Kim, C. N., Fourianalistyawati, E., Chang, V. Y., & Duncan, L. G. (2024) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-024-02379-6 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Effectiveness of a School-Based Mindfulness and Art Therapy Group Program
Bokoch, R. N., & Hass‐Cohen, N. (2020) · Art Therapy · doi:10.1080/07421656.2020.1807876 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“Improved parent mindfulness added to the research demonstrating the positive impact of family-based mindfulness practices (Lo et al., 2020).”
Mindful Parent Training for Parents of Children Aged 3–12 Years with Behavioral Problems: a Scoping Review
Donovan, M. O., Pickard, J. A., Herbert, J. S., & Barkus, E. (2022) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-021-01799-y · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Mindfulness as an Adjunct to Behavior Modification for Elementary-aged Children with ADHD
Ramos, M. C., Macphee, F. L., Merrill, B. M., Altszuler, A. R., Raiker, J. S., Gnagy, E. M., Greiner, A. R., Parent, J. M., Coles, E. K., Burger, L., et al. (2022) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-022-00947-9 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“There is limited research available on the separate evaluation of mindfulness for elementary-aged children with ADHD, with most studies evaluating MBT combined with BPT for ADHD youth and their parents concurrently (Bogels et al., 2008; Lo et al., 2020; Muratori et al., 2021; Van de Weijer-Bergsma et al., 2012; Van de…”
Background
A Mindfulness-Based Program among Adolescent Boys with Behavior Disorders: A Quasi-Experimental Study
Roux, B., & Philippot, P. (2020) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-020-01751-z · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Cognitive-Based Interventions for Improving Psychological Health and Well-Being for Parents of Children with Developmental Disabilities: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Li, S., Yong, Y., Li, Y., Li, J., & Jiao, X. (2023) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-023-06063-x · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“Parental Well-being Eight RCTs involving 426 subjects were used to examine the effects of CBIs on parental well-being (Ferraioli & Harris, 2013; Ho et al., 2021; Lo et al., 2017a, 2017b; Lobato et al., 2023; Sharif et al., 2015; Sie-belink et al., 2018; Whittingham et al., 2022; Wong et al., 2010).”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Mindfulness-based training effect on attention, impulsivity, and emotional regulation among children with ADHD: The role of family engagement in randomized controlled trials
Elzohairy, N. W., Elzlbany, G. A.-E. M., Elsaeed, B. I. K., El‐Monshed, A. H., & Atta, M. H. R. (2024) · Archives of Psychiatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.apnu.2024.10.001 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Mindfulness with children: a content analysis of evidence-based interventions from a developmental perspective
Vekety, B., Kassai, R., & Takács, Z. K. (2022) · The Educational and Developmental Psychologist · doi:10.1080/20590776.2022.2081072 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Mindfulness-enhanced parenting programmes for improving the psychosocial outcomes of children (0 to 18 years) and their parents
Featherston, R., Barlow, J., Song, Y., Haysom, Z., Loy, B., Tufford, L., & Shlonsky, A. (2024) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd012445.pub2 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Quality of Life among Adolescents in Hong Kong: General and Gender-Specific Effects of Self-Efficacy and Mindfulness: A Special Issue on Quality of Life in Chinese Societies in Applied Research in Quality of Life
Lo, H. H.-M. (2021) · Applied Research in Quality of Life · doi:10.1007/s11482-021-09914-w · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citation
Effects of an online mindfulness-based program for parents of children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a pilot, mixed methods study
Lo, H. H. M., Lam, J., Zhang, Z. J., Cheung, M., Chan, S. K. C., Wong, E. W. Y., Bögels, S. M., & Chui, W. H. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1376867 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citation
The Effect of Meditation-Based Mind-Body Interventions on Symptoms and Executive Function in People With ADHD: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Zhang, Z., Chang, X., Zhang, W., Yang, S., & Zhao, G. (2023) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/10870547231154897 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Child and Parent Mindfulness-Based Training Versus Medication for Childhood ADHD: A Randomised Clinical Trial
Meppelink, R., de Bruin, E. I., Zoller, B. K., Oort, F. J., & Bögels, S. M. (2024) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-024-02305-w · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“Lo et al. (2020) conducted an RCT in Hong Kong where it was shown that families in the mindfulness group reported larger reductions in children’s ADHD symptoms and parenting stress and larger improvements in parental psychological well-being compared to those in the waitlist control group.”
Mindfulness Interventions for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Kretschmer, C. R., Tebrizcik, B. G., & Dommett, E. J. (2022) · Psychiatry International · doi:10.3390/psychiatryint3040031 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“In one of these studies, the Strengths and Weaknesses of ADHD Symptoms and Normal Behaviours Rating Scale (SWAN) was also used to verify eligibility [97].”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Mindful Parenting Group Intervention for Parents of Children with Anxiety Disorders
Farley, R., de Diaz, N. A. N., Emerson, L., Simcock, G. P., Donovan, C. L., & Farrell, L. J. (2023) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-023-01492-2 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“The finding that the MPI was associated with medium effect size increases in mindful parenting is consistent with those found previously amongst samples of parents of young children with other clinical presentations including autism [45] and ADHD [69, 70].”
Result
Intervening from the “Inside Out”: Exploring the Role of Self-Determination and Mindfulness-Based Interventions for People with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Shogren, K. A., & Singh, N. N. (2022) · Advances in Neurodevelopmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s41252-022-00252-y · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“In another parallel training study based on a customized family-based mindfulness intervention for the families and the Snel (2014) mindfulness intervention for the children reported reductions in the children’s aggression (Lo et al., 2020).”
Co-designed Mindful Parenting for Parents of Children with ADHD: A Pilot and Feasibility Study
Leitch, S., Sciberras, E., Rinehart, N., & Evans, S. (2021) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-021-01260-0 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
The effect of mindfulness‐based interventions on mental health outcomes and wellbeing of informal caregivers of people with mental illness: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Zhang, X., Ren, H., Wang, C., Zhang, Y., Zhou, Q., & Fan, J. (2024) · International Journal of Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1111/inm.13295 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Digital Cognitive Training for Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Ponomarev, R., Sklyar, S., Krasilnikova, V., & Savina, T. S. (2023) · Journal of Psycholinguistic Research · doi:10.1007/s10936-023-10003-2 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“These effect sizes are comparable to other studies showing significant results (Lo et al., 2020; Muratori et al., 2021).”
Result
Retracted
Reducing parenting stress in Chinese parents of children with learning disabilities with a mindful parenting program: A randomized controlled trial
Tan, Y., Lyu, R., & Lu, S. (2024) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2024.104794 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Mindfulness-based family psychoeducation intervention for caregivers of young adults with first-episode psychosis: results at 9-month follow-up
Zhang, Z. J., Lo, H. H. M., Ho, W., Lau, E. N. S., Ng, S., Mak, W. W. S., Wong, S. Y. S., Hung, K. S. Y., Lai, I. Y. S., Lo, C. S. L., et al. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1460151 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citation
Effects of a Mindful Parenting Workshop for Parents of Adolescents and Young Adults Following Social Unrest in Hong Kong
Lo, H. H. M., Lau, E. N. S., Tam, C. H.-L., Ngai, S. W., Chan, S. H., Leung, B. F. H., Wong, E. T., Wong, E. W. Y., Wong, G. O. C., Cho, W. C., et al. (2021) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-021-01790-7 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“1 3 same protocol was further evaluated in two other studies for parents of children with ADHD symptomology and parents from economic disadvantaged families, respectively (Lo et al., 2019; Lo et al., 2020).”
MethodResultSelf-citation
Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Caregivers of Frail Older Chinese Adults: A Study Protocol
Lo, H. H. M., Au, A., Cho, W. V., Lau, E. N. S., Wong, J. Y. H., Wong, S. Y. S., & Yeung, J. W. K. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19095447 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“07 is based on PI’s two recent mindfulness multi-site studies [48,49], and 240 caregivers will be recruited for this study.”
MethodSelf-citation
Dog-Assisted Therapy vs Relaxation for Children and Adolescents with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Study
Vidal, R., Vidal, L., Lugo‐Marín, J., Ristol, F., Domènec, E., Casas, T., Veiga, A., Vico, C., Ramos‐Quiroga, J. A., & Gómez-Barros, N. (2023) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-023-06023-5 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“There are previous clinical trials on mindfulness for ADHD in children and adolescents who have obtained reductions in ADHD symptoms (Lo et al., 2020), and also in anxiety, depression, and aggressive behavior (Huguet et al., 2019).”
The effectiveness of a mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) programme for parents of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a pilot randomized controlled trial
Law, T. Y., Bressington, D. T., Ruan, J., Wong, W. K., & Mak, Y. W. (2025) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-025-02747-4 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Effects and Mechanisms of a Brief Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Caregivers of Frail Older Adults: A Three-Arm Randomized Controlled Trial
Zhang, Z. J., Lo, H. H. M., Au, A. M. L., Wong, S. Y. S., Wong, J. Y. H., Yeung, J. W. K., Lau, E. N. S., Law, R. T. C., & Cho, W. V. (2025) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-025-02594-9 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citation
Rolling out a mindfulness-based stress reduction intervention for parents of children with ADHD: a feasibility study
Rice, R., Bhearra, A. N., Kilbride, K., Lynch, C., & McNicholas, F. (2020) · Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/ipm.2020.121 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
[Retracted] Comparative Efficacy and Acceptability of Nonpharmacotherapy in the Treatment of Inattention for ADHD: A Network Meta‐Analysis
Che, X., Jong-Hwan, C., & Shang, X. (2021) · Complexity · doi:10.1155/2021/9435262 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Retracted
Relative Contribution of Verbal Working Memory and Attention to Child Language
Chow, J. C., Ekholm, E., & Bae, C. L. L. (2020) · Assessment for Effective Intervention · doi:10.1177/1534508420946361 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Randomized Controlled Trial of Parent and Child Mindfulness Training (MYmind) versus Medication
Zoller, B. K., Bögels, S. M., Meppelink, R., & de Bruin, E. I. (2025) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-025-03139-3 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“(Lo et al., 2020) also found greater reductions in stress levels for parents of children with ADHD who participated in a family-based mindfulness intervention.”
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, physical abuse and methylphenidate treatment in children
Man, K. K. C., Gao, L., Lau, W. C. Y., Fan, M., Coghill, D., Chan, E. W., Chui, C. S. L., Li, X., Chan, A. Y. L., Lum, T. Y. S., et al. (2023) · Nature Mental Health · doi:10.1038/s44220-022-00008-6 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Parenting Programs in Reducing Parenting Stress in Parents of Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Tumthammarong, C., Pornnoppadol, C., & Atsariyasing, W. (2022) · Siriraj Medical Journal/San Sirirat · doi:10.33192/smj.2022.45 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Mindful parenting mediated the longitudinal relation between mothers' depressive symptoms and child adjustment
Cheung, R. Y. M., Ren, L., Boise, C. E., Yao, X., & Wang, M. (2025) · Family Relations · doi:10.1111/fare.13161 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
The Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Interventions in Improving the Mental Health of Parents of Children with Intellectual or Developmental Disabilities: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Yang, T., Wang, Y., Xu, P., & Tao, Y. (2025) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-025-06790-3 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“In terms of selective reporting of results, 13 et al., 2021 ; Lo et al., 2024; Lo et al., 2020 ; Mah et al., 2021 ; Siebelink et al., 2022 ; Valero et al., 2022 ; Wong et al., 2023 ), ID ( n = 1) (Benn et al., 2012 ), CP ( n = 1) (Mak et al., 2018 ), DD ( n = 3) (Ketcheson et al., 2022 ; Lunsky et…”
Influential
Ergenlerde Bilinçli Farkındalık ve Psikolojik İyi Oluş Arasındaki İlişkide Cinsiyetin Düzenleyici Rolü
KOÇ, Ö. Ö., SOYSAL, S., & Bilge, F. (2023) · Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi · doi:10.31592/aeusbed.1231193 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
The role of mindful parenting in the relationship of parent and child mental health in Taiwan Chinese
Wang, S. S.-C., & Lo, H. H. M. (2020) · China Journal of Social Work · doi:10.1080/17525098.2020.1815351 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citation
Protocol of a randomized controlled trial to investigate the efficacy and neural correlates of mindfulness-based habit reversal training in children with Tourette syndrome
Li, Y., Yan, J., Cui, L., Chu, J., Wang, X., Huang, X., Li, Y., & Cui, Y. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.938103 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Does emotion dysregulation mediate the association between ADHD symptoms and internalizing problems? A longitudinal within-person analysis in a large population-representative studyPreprint
Antony, E. M., Pihlajamäki, M. R., Speyer, L. G., & Murray, A. L. (2021) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/32dky · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Can a Universal Mindfulness Intervention in Schools Reduce ADHD Symptoms among Adolescents? A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
Holopainen, M., Hintsanen, M., Lahti, J. M. T., Vahlberg, T. J., & Volanen, S. (2024) · Scandinavian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/sjop.13090 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“Previous studies conducted with targeted interventions yielded promising re-sults in the clinical field (e.g., Bögels et al. 2021; Lo et al. 2020; Siebelink et al. 2022; Valero, Cebolla, and Colomer 2022).”
Exploring the potential common psychotherapeutic factors: use of cognitive behavioural therapy, mindful yoga and positive psychology in enhancing the well‐being of students with SENs in Hong Kong
Chan, H. W., Wong, D. F. K., Ching, S. K. L. Y., Lo, H. H. M., & Ng, T. K. (2023) · Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs · doi:10.1111/1471-3802.12593 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citation
The impact of mindfulness therapy in individuals with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): a systematic review ( El impacto de la terapia mindfulness en personas con Trastorno por Déficit de Atención/Hiperactividad (TDAH): una revisión sistemática )
Sánchez-Soto, L., & Suricalday, Á. S. (2023) · Journal for the Study of Education and Development Infancia y Aprendizaje · doi:10.1080/02103702.2023.2191427 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
A systematic review of the benefits and mechanisms of family-based mind-body therapy programs targeting families of children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Fang, Y., Liu, J., Zhang, B., Lau, M., Ho, Y.-F., Yang, Y., Shi, Y., Poon, E., Tse, A. C.-Y., & Sun, F. (2024) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/02654075241239878 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“Second, the results of the extracted quantitative data demonstrated a decrease in parental stress/distress in the parents participating in FMBTs (B¨ogels et al., 2021; Lo et al., 2020; Valero et al., 2022; van de Weijer-Bergsma et al., 2012; van der Oord et al., 2012).”
Influential
An Exploration of Sleep and Family Factors in Young Children at Familial Risk for ADHD
Keating, J., Bramham, J., McNicholas, F., Carr, A., Hasshim, N., & Downes, M. (2020) · Behavioral Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1080/15402002.2020.1862119 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“As ADHD treatment may improve family functioning (Lo et al., 2020), not controlling for treatment or medication may have influenced the results.”
Comparison of the Effectiveness of Emotion Regulation Training and Mindfulness Training on the Reduction Rumination in the Mothers of Children with Mild Intellectual Disability
Jafarpour, H., Akbari, B., Shakernia, I., & Mojreh, S. A. (2021) · Quarterly Journal of Child Mental Health · doi:10.52547/jcmh.7.4.6 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
EXPLORATORY STUDY ON RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN FAMILY FUNCTIONING, DEMOGRAPHICS AND INDIVIDUAL WELL-BEING IN EAST ASIA
Lo, H. H. M., CHAN, M. L. F. C., Kim, Y. H., Mui, M. W.-K., Feng, J. Y., Zhu, M., WONG, K. S., Chinapan, B., & LEE, N. S. (2018) · The Hong Kong Journal of Social Work · doi:10.1142/s0219246218000037 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citation
Well-Being Among Parents Raising a Child Diagnosed With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Intervention Programs
Tasiou, K., & Nikolaou, E. N. (2024) · Advances in psychology, mental health, and behavioral studies (APMHBS) book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-4022-6.ch012 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
A randomized controlled trial for evaluating the effects of an online mindfulness-based intervention for parents of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a study protocol
Zhang, Z. J., Lo, H. H. M., Bögels, S. M., Cheung, R. Y. M., Lau, E. N. S., Lee, E. K. P., Ng, S., Au, A. M. L., & Yeung, W. (2025) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-025-02929-0 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“Similar results were reported by Lo et al. that the family MBI showed a significant improvement in children’s ADHD symptoms and a reduction of parental distress compared with the waitlist-controlled group [27].”
InfluentialSelf-citation
The efficacy of emotional regulation training in comparison with mindfulness training on cognitive flexibility and parent-child interaction in mothers of children with mild mental retardation
Jafarpour, H., Akbari, B., Shakerinia, I., & Asadimajreh, S. (2022) · The Journal Of Psychological Science · doi:10.52547/jps.20.107.2125 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Family-Centered Positive Behavior Support on Children with ADHD: A Literature Review
Lyu, Y. (2023) · Creative Education · doi:10.4236/ce.2023.147093 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Does emotion dysregulation mediate the association between ADHD symptoms and internalizing problems? A longitudinal within-person analysis in a large population-representative studyPreprint
Antony, E. M., Pihlajamäki, M. R., Speyer, L. G., & Murray, A. L. (2022) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/sr3z6 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Neurodiversity at Work
Lerner, D. A., Conrad, C., & Karabayeva, A. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780192897114.013.9 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Preschoolers with Symptoms of Hyperactivity and their Mothers: Comparing Meditation and Music Interventions
Pandya, S. P. (2024) · Child & Family Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1080/07317107.2024.2429767 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“Researchers have suggested that for children, meditation and mindfulness are more effective with parental/family support and involvement (Mahoney & Boyatzis, 2019; Mathur et al., 2021; Puzia et al., 2020) and parent-child dyadic interventions are supported (Baudry et al., 2017; Lo et al., 2020).”
Psychological and Clinical Theories
Lo, H. H. M. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-16-3059-0_2-1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citation
Psychological and Clinical Theories
Lo, H. H. M. (2023) · Social Work · doi:10.1007/978-981-19-1015-9_2 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citation
Mindfulness and Family Aggression and Violence
Singh, N. N., Lancioni, G. E., Cheung, R. Y. M., Medvedev, O. N., Hwang, Y., & Myers, R. E. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-31549-7_15 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
The college experience for students with ADHD
Pirozzi, M. (2021) · doi:10.17760/d20409195 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Effects of a Mindfulness Intervention on Nurse Burnout
Elanges, S. (2023) · doi:10.32597/dnp/16/ · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Investigating outcomes of social care programmes using creative study designs for service excellence
Lo, H. H. M. (2022) · China Journal of Social Work · doi:10.1080/17525098.2022.2099600
“Based on the pre-test scores, parents with severe stress and depression reported more significant improvements with moderate effect sizes of 0.62 for stress and 0.57 for depression (Lo et al. 2017).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citation
The effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction on parental stress during COVID-19 pandemic: A randomized controlled trial
Septianingrum, Y. (2022) · Gaceta Médica de Caracas · doi:10.47307/gmc.2022.130.s5.43
Effects of an online mindfulness-based program for parents of children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A pilot mixed methods study (Preprint)Preprint
Lo, H. H. M., Lam, J., Zhang, Z. J., Cheung, M., Chan, S. K. C., Wong, E. W. Y., Bögels, S. M., & Chui, W. H. (2023) · doi:10.2196/preprints.46872
Self-citation
Mindfulness
Lo, H. H. M. (2023) · Autism and child psychopathology series · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-24926-6_22
Self-citation
Mindfulness Interventions for ADHD
Miller, C. J. (2023) · Autism and child psychopathology series · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-41709-2_25
Mindfulness-Based Programs for Children with Developmental Challenges
Lo, H. H. M. (2024) · Mindfulness in behavioral health · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-51943-7_5
Self-citation
The Effect of Mindfulness-Based Interventions on Children’s Self-Regulation
Vekety, B. (2023) · Eötvös Loránd Tudományegyetem · doi:10.15476/elte.2022.122
Investigating The Effect of Excellent Parenting Program on The Behavioral Problems of Hearing Impaired Children
Aghaziarati, A., Ashori, M., Norouzi, G., & Hallahan, D. P. (2023) · Journal of Assessment and Research in Applied Counseling · doi:10.61838/kman.jarac.5.5.10
A Systematic Review of Yoga as a Supportive Treatment for Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Manjunath, I., Channappa, V., & Karthikeyan, A. (2024) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.63576 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Enhancing motivation in Filipino learners with ADHD : Insights from kindergarten mesosystems
Lukban, A. S., Custodio, Z. U., Datu, J. A. D., Arrieta, C. L. A., Estacio, A. J. J., Julian, A. F., Paet, M. G., & Andrada, L. D. V. (2024) · Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs · doi:10.1111/1471-3802.12740
Achtsamkeitsbasierte Programme für Kinder mit Entwicklungsproblemen
Lo, H. H. M. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-83285-7_5
Self-citation
Application of a Mindfulness-Based Programme in Promoting Social and Emotional Development of Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorders
Lo, H. H. M. (2025) · Advancing inclusive and special education in the Asia-Pacific · doi:10.1007/978-981-96-5202-0_7
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Transforming Schema-Driven Parenting Through Mindfulness Intervention: A Mixed-Methods Study
Lyu, R., Tan, Y., Lu, S., Dai, X., & Hu, H. (2025) · Research on Social Work Practice · doi:10.1177/10497315251377045
“…who have mental health issues (Bögels et al., 2014; Haydicky et al., 2015; Short et al., 2017) and those of children with special educational needs and other clinical conditions (Bögels et al., 2008; Lo et al., 2020; Ridderinkhof et al., 2018; Van der Oord et al., 2012; Zhang et al., 2016).”
THE FAMILY ENVIROMENT OF A CHILD WITH ADHD
Vorlíčková, P., Bílková, Z., & Brabcova, D. B. (2025) · AD ALTA Journal of Interdisciplinary Research · doi:10.33543/j.1502.4649

The effect of a family-based mindfulness intervention on children with attention deficit and hyperactivity symptoms and their parents: design and rationale for a randomized, controlled clinical trial (Study protocol)
Lo, H. H. M., Wong, S. Y. S., Wong, J. Y. H., Wong, S. W. L., & Yeung, J. W. K. (2016) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-016-0773-1 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
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Mindfulness Training for Children with ADHD and Their Parents: A Randomized Control Trial
Valero, M., Cebolla, A., & Diago, C. C. (2021) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/10870547211027636 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Effects of a mindfulness-based intervention (MYmind) for children with ADHD and their parents: protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Chan, S. K. C., Zhang, D., Bögels, S. M., Chan, C. S., Lai, K. Y. C., Lo, H. H. M., Yip, B. H. K., Lau, E. N. S., Gao, T. T., & Wong, S. Y. S. (2018) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022514 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Self-citation
Mindfulness-based interventions for children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Machado, M. E. P. F., & Moraes, C. (2023) · Residência Pediátrica · doi:10.25060/residpediatr-2023.v13n2-890
A randomised controlled trial (MindChamp) of a mindfulness‐based intervention for children with ADHD and their parents
Siebelink, N. M., Bögels, S. M., Speckens, A. E. M., Dammers, J. T., Wolfers, T., Buitelaar, J. K., & Greven, C. U. (2021) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.13430 · Cited by 67 · see citing works

Authors: Lo, H. H. M., Wong, S. W. L., Wong, J. Y. H., Yeung, J. W. K., Snel, E., & Wong, S. Y. S.
Affiliations: Hong Kong Polytechnic University (HK)
Hong Kong Baptist University (HK)
University of Hong Kong (HK)
City University of Hong Kong (HK)
The Academy of Mindful Teaching, Leusden, The Netherlands
Corresponding author: Lo, Herman H. M.
ORCID: Lo, Herman H. M.
Wong, Simpson W. L.
Wong, Janet Y. H.
Yeung, Jerf W. K.
Wong, Samuel Y. S.
Venue: Journal of Attention Disorders
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2017-11-29
Volume: 24
Issue: 5
Pages: 667-680
ISSN: 1087-0547 (ISSN-L)
1557-1246
DOI: 10.1177/1087054717743330
OpenAlex: W2770908981
Cited by: 111
References: 48
Citations by year: 2026: 11 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 4
FWCI: 4.71
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
hdl.handle.net
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Journal of Attention Disorders (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PolyU Institutional Research Archive (Hong Kong Polytechnic University) (submittedVersion)
The HKU Scholars Hub (University of Hong Kong) (submittedVersion)
Funders: Food and Health Bureau
Health Care and Promotion Fund (28140664)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Keywords: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, mindfulness-based interventions, family intervention, young children, inattention, hyperactivity, parental stress, parental psychological well-being, feasibility
MeSH terms: Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Child, Preschool, Family Therapy, Humans, Parents, Parenting, Mindfulness

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The Effects of Family-Based Mindfulness Intervention on ADHD Symptomology in Young Children and Their Parents: A Randomized Control Trial

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