The efficacy of mindful parenting interventions: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Abstract
Background Mindful parenting is the process of bringing awareness and attention intentionally in a non-reactive and non-judgemental way to a child at any present moment. Parenting mindfulness is believed to influence parenting factors and parental psychological outcomes, child's emotional and behavioural outcomes, and family relationships. However, the efficacy of such interventions on interpersonal mindfulness in parenting and parenting behaviours has received minimal empirical attention. Objective This meta-analysis aims to quantitatively evaluate the efficacy of mindful parenting interventions on parenting mindfulness and parenting behaviours. Parenting stress, parents' psychological wellbeing, interpersonal relationships, and child behavioural outcomes were examined secondarily. When meta-analysis was not possible (due to insufficient data in the included studies), the narrative approach was taken to present the findings. Design A systematic review, meta-analysis, and narrative summary. Methods Six electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Scopus, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses) were systematically searched for articles in the English language from their respective dates of inception to December 2020. Studies involving clinical and non-clinical samples of parents with children or youths aged 24 years and below were included. Only randomised controlled trials were included. Studies were excluded if the mindfulness intervention did not focus on parentin…
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Shorey 2021 found no overall effect of mindful parenting interventions on parenting mindfulness or parenting stress, but a moderate effect on mindful parenting in non-clinical samples.
“Shorey 2021 reported no evidence of an intervention effect on parenting mindfulness or parenting stress overall, but identified a moderate effect on mindfulness parenting for parents with non-clinical samples of children.”
From Mindfulness-enhanced parenting programmes for improving the psychosocial outcomes of children (0 to 18 years) and their parents (2024) · cites this paper as Shorey 2021
Recent systematic reviews indicate that mindful parenting interventions may reduce parenting stress, increase parent mindfulness and psychological and social well-being, and may have a positive effect on child and adolescent mental health.
“Recent systematic reviews point to their potential to reduce parenting stress, and to increase parent mindfulness and psychological and social well-being, with some indication of a positive effect on child and adolescent mental health outcomes (Burgdorf 2019;Shorey 2021;Townshend 2016)”
From Mindfulness-enhanced parenting programmes for improving the psychosocial outcomes of children (0 to 18 years) and their parents (2024) · cites this paper as Shorey 2021
Research on teaching mindfulness techniques to parents and on mindfulness-based parenting interventions designed for parenting has proliferated.
“There has been a proliferation of research exploring the effectiveness of teaching mindfulness techniques to parent populations and/or mindfulness-based parenting interventions specifically designed to teach mindfulness in the context of parenting (Burgdorf 2019;Shorey 2021;Townshend 2016)”
From Mindfulness-enhanced parenting programmes for improving the psychosocial outcomes of children (0 to 18 years) and their parents (2024) · cites this paper as Shorey 2021
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Rato, M. P., Serra, J., Gonçalves, B. B., Canavarro, M. C., & Pires, R. (2025) · Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.appdev.2025.101816
Academic Performance of the Deaf and Hard of Hearing Learners in Modular Distance Learning
Derraco, A., Dondon, C. H., Bonajos, G. L., & Espina, R. C. (2025) · Psychology and Education A Multidisciplinary Journal · doi:10.70838/pemj.430406
Transforming Schema-Driven Parenting Through Mindfulness Intervention: A Mixed-Methods Study
Lyu, R., Tan, Y., Lu, S., Dai, X., & Hu, H. (2025) · Research on Social Work Practice · doi:10.1177/10497315251377045
Exploring the Feasibility and Benefits of an Arts-based Mindfulness Group Program for Young Mothers
Oystrick, V., & Coholic, D. A. (2025) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-025-03177-x
Zhang, X., Xiao, Y., Cao, L., Xie, J., Jiang, Z., & Li, Y. (2025) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-025-07084-4
Pedersen, L. B., Ramsdal, N. B., Fjorback, L. O., Ravn, S. L., Kolls, M., & Skovbjerg, S. (2025) · PLOS mental health. · doi:10.1371/journal.pmen.0000412
The Interpersonal Mindfulness in Parenting Scale: Psychometric Properties of the Italian Version
Guarini, A., Menabò, L., Bigoni, M., Bortolotti, S., Fort, M., Iorio, D., Monfardini, C., Duncan, L. G., Sansavini, A., & Suttora, C. (2025) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-025-02707-4
Liu, C., Ren, M., Han, X., Xia, Y., & Ding, D. (2026) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-025-08548-7
Well-being, social support, and substance use beliefs in rural youth
Tsykalova, L., Meçe, M. H., Sianko, N., & Uka, A. (2026) · Discover Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12982-025-01339-2
Gonzalez, I. A., Valencia, C. L., González-Santos, B. J., & Vargas-Nieto, J. C. (2026) · Journal of Infant Child and Adolescent Psychotherapy · doi:10.1080/15289168.2026.2622637
Mindful Parenting for Caregivers of Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorder Diagnosis
Muratori, P., Catarina, A., Conversano, A., Levantini, V., Villani, S., & Milone, A. (2026) · Children · doi:10.3390/children13030325
Externalized anger as a mediator of harsh parenting and substance use among Appalachian adolescents
Mills, R., Tebes, J. K., Strambler, M. J., & Kristjánsson, Á. L. (2026) · Addictive Behaviors Reports · doi:10.1016/j.abrep.2026.100684
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Bilinçli Farkındalıklı Ebeveynlik Üzerine Bir Derleme Çalışması: Teori, Yöntem ve Çıktılar
Karadeniz, G., Güven, İ., & Çifçioğlu, B. S. (2026) · Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi · doi:10.35343/kosbed.1918477
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Mindfulness: Foundations, interventions, and effects
Burattini, S., Giannandrea, A., D'Onofrio, M., Srinivasan, N., & Raffone, A. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-29258-3.00088-4
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The Role of Mindful Parenting and Gender in Parenting Stress, Well-Being, and Mental Health
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- Authors
- Shorey, S., & Ng, E. D.
- Affiliations
- National University of Singapore (SG)
- Venue
- International Journal of Nursing Studies
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-09
- Volume
- 121
- Pages
- 103996
- ISSN
- 0020-7489 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3166642667
- Cited by
- 86
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 23 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 3
- FWCI
- 1.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- International Journal of Nursing Studies (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Family and Disability Support Research
- Keywords
- parenting behaviour, parental stress, parent-child relationship, intervention efficacy, typically developing children, couple relationships, family relationships, child behavior problems, parent training, parental self-efficacy
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Child, Humans, Parents, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Parenting, Mindfulness
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