Comparison of a Mindful Eating Intervention to a Diabetes Self-Management Intervention Among Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Open accessAbstract
Mindful eating may be an effective intervention for increasing awareness of hunger and satiety cues, improving eating regulation and dietary patterns, reducing symptoms of depression and anxiety, and promoting weight loss. Diabetes self-management education (DSME), which addresses knowledge, self-efficacy, and outcome expectations for improving food choices, also may be an effective intervention for diabetes self-care. Yet few studies have compared the impact of mindful eating to a DSME-based treatment approach on patient outcomes. Adults 35 to 65 years old with type 2 diabetes for ≥1 year not requiring insulin therapy were recruited from the community and randomly assigned to treatment group. The impact of a group-based 3-month mindful eating intervention (MB-EAT-D; n = 27) to a group-based 3-month DSME “Smart Choices” (SC) intervention ( n = 25) postintervention and at 3-month follow-up was evaluated. Repeated-measures ANOVA with contrast analysis compared change in outcomes across time. There was no significant difference between groups in weight change. Significant improvement in depressive symptoms, outcome expectations, nutrition and eating-related self-efficacy, and cognitive control and disinhibition of control regarding eating behaviors occurred for both groups (all p < .0125) at 3-month follow-up. The SC group had greater increase in nutrition knowledge and self-efficacy than the MB-EAT-D group (all p < .05) at 3-month follow-up. MB-EAT-D had significant increase in mindfulness, whereas the SC group had significant increase in fruit and vegetable consumption at study end (all p < .0125). Both SC and MB-EAT-D were effective treatments for diabetes self-management. The availability of mindful eating and DSME-based approaches offers patients greater choices in meeting their self-care needs.
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Findings on weight loss after mindfulness are mixed, with some studies but not all reporting weight improvements.
“Findings on weight loss after mindfulness have been mixed, with some31–37 but not all38,39 studies reporting improvements in weight.”
From A Mindfulness-Based Intervention to Control Weight After Bariatric Surgery: Preliminary Results From a Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial (2016) · cites this paper as [35]
The included articles comprised four positive psychology, 18 mindfulness-based, six ACT, four resilience-based, and one each on emotional intelligence and positive self-concept.
“These consisted of four PP articles [41–44], 18 mindfulness-based articles [45–62], six ACT articles [38, 63–67], four resilience-based articles [68–71], and single studies targeting emotional intelligence [72] and positive self-concept [73]”
From Well-being interventions for individuals with diabetes: A systematic review (2019) · cites this paper as [48]
Of three mindfulness studies examining weight, only one found a significant post-intervention reduction.
“Of the three studies that examined weight, only one found a significant reduction post-intervention [48].”
From Well-being interventions for individuals with diabetes: A systematic review (2019) · cites this paper as [48]
In mindfulness-based studies, significant improvements occurred in self-efficacy, self-compassion, well-being, mental health-related quality of life, and positive affect.
“Of the well-being outcomes, significant changes were seen in self-efficacy [48], self-compassion [51], well-being [45, 56], mental health-related quality of life [58], and positive affect [59].”
From Well-being interventions for individuals with diabetes: A systematic review (2019) · cites this paper as [48]
Of 12 mindfulness studies measuring depression, 11 found significant symptom reductions, and 10 of these were controlled.
“Similarly, of the 12 studies measuring changes in depression, 11 found significant symptom reductions [48–51, 53, 54, 56–58, 60, 62], 10 of which were controlled studies.”
From Well-being interventions for individuals with diabetes: A systematic review (2019) · cites this paper as [48]
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“MBCT or mindfulness action-based therapy Four studies((25,27,33,40)) Mindful eating Four studies((28,29,36,43)) MBSR Three studies((13,30,54)) Mindfulness Three studies((11,32,35,44)) Mindful eating and MB-EAT Three studies((14,16,38,41)) Mindfulness-based action committed therapy Two studies((38,42)) Combination of M…”
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“(36) 75% retention Not reported Not reported Recorded by study personnel”
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“The remaining two studies, representing three articles, that measured energy intake found no significant between group comparisons (Miller et al., 2012; Miller et al., 2014; Spadaro et al., 2018).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialAssociation of health literacy and diabetes self-management: a systematic review
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Cambi, M. P. C., Baretta, G. A. P., Magro, D. D. O., Boguszewski, C. L., Ribeiro, I. B., Jirapinyo, P., & de Moura, D. T. H. (2021) · Obesity Surgery · doi:10.1007/s11695-020-05164-1 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Impact of Mindfulness-Based Eating Awareness on Diet and Exercise Habits in Adolescents
Barnes, V. A. (2016) · International Journal of Complementary & Alternative Medicine · doi:10.15406/ijcam.2016.03.00070 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
“It has also been adapted for use with several other populations, including obese adults with Type-II diabetes [24], individuals who identified restaurant meals as particularly challenging [25] and as augmented with stress-management components [25,26].”
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An exploratory study of Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction for emotional eating
Levoy, E., Lazaridou, A., Brewer, J. A., & Fulwiler, C. (2016) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2016.11.029 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Kempf, K., Röhling, M., Niedermeier, K., Gärtner, B., & Martin, S. (2018) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu10081022 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Development and Validation of the Four Facet Mindful Eating Scale (FFaMES)
Carrière, K., Shireen, S. H., Siemers, N., Preißner, C. E., Starr, J., Falk, C., & Knäuper, B. (2022) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2021.105689 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Effectiveness of theory-based diabetes self-care training interventions; a systematic review
Zare, S., Ostovarfar, J., Kaveh, M. H., & Vali, M. (2020) · Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome Clinical Research & Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2020.04.008 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Nadkarni, G. N., & Vassalotti, J. A. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-24687-1_28 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Lofgren, I. E. (2015) · American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine · doi:10.1177/1559827615569684 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
“Some of these other measures include the Weight Efficacy Lifestyle Questionnaire, which produces a more focused measure of mindfulness(10); the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire, which assesses emotional eating(18); the Weight Efficacy Lifestyle Questionnaire, which assesses one’s ability to control eating in variou…”
BackgroundInfluentialMiller, C. K. (2017) · Diabetes Spectrum · doi:10.2337/ds16-0039 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
“Applications of Mindful Eating for DSME (7,12,20)”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationDalen, J., Brody, J. L., Staples, J. K., & Sedillo, D. (2015) · Childhood Obesity · doi:10.1089/chi.2014.0150 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Intuitive Eating Intervention and Diet Quality in Adults: A Systematic Literature Review
Hensley-Hackett, K., Bosker, J., Keefe, A. G., Reidlinger, D. P., Warner, M. M., D’Arcy, A., & Utter, J. (2022) · Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.jneb.2022.08.008 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
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Effects of Mindfulness on Psychological Distress and HbA1c in People with Diabetes
Pearson, S., Wills, K. E., Woods, M., & Warnecke, E. (2018) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-018-0908-1 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
“…mechanisms via which mindfulness techniques may operate in this context including by changing behaviours related to diet, exercise and disease management (Miller et al. 2014) and via modulation of the HPA axis in response to a reduction in stress (Cresswell and Lindsay 2014; O’Leary et al. 2016).”
Morillo‐Sarto, H., Barceló‐Soler, A., Herrera‐Mercadal, P., Pantilie, B., Navarro‐Gil, M., García‐Campayo, J., & Montero‐Marín, J. (2019) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031327 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
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“Fifteen studies assessed dietary habits by healthy eating [33], diet goal attainment [35], dietary activities [36], Kristal’s Food Habits Questionnaire [27], Block 2005 Food Frequency Questionnaire [28], questions on fatty food avoidance and vegetable intake [39], USA National Cancer Institute percent energy [37], and…”
BackgroundAssociations of Mindfulness with Glucose Regulation and Diabetes
Loucks, E. B., Gilman, S. E., Britton, W. B., Gutman, R., Eaton, C. B., & Buka, S. L. (2016) · American Journal of Health Behavior · doi:10.5993/ajhb.40.2.11 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Measuring Mindful Responding in Daily Life: Validation of the Daily Mindful Responding Scale (DMRS)
Lacaille, J., Sadikaj, G., Nishioka, M., Flanders, J. L., & Knaüper, B. (2015) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-015-0416-5 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Wnuk, S., Du, C., Exan, J. V., Wallwork, A., Warwick, K., Tremblay, L., Kowgier, M., & Sockalingam, S. (2017) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-017-0834-7 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Internally regulated eating style: a comprehensive theoretical framework
Palascha, A., van Kleef, E., de Vet, E., & van Trijp, J. C. M. (2020) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114520003840 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Weight Reduction by the Low-Insulin-Method—A Randomized Controlled Trial
Röhling, M., Martin, K., Ellinger, S., Schreiber, M., Martin, S., & Kempf, K. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12103004 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“In contrast, lifestyle-based intervention studies demonstrated meaningful improvements in eating behaviour after long-term mindful eating interventions in a small group of obese patients with type 2 diabetes [44] or without diabetes [45], which is in line with our findings.”
ResultA Scoping Review of Mindful Eating Interventions for Obesity Management
Carrière, K., Siemers, N., & Knaüper, B. (2022) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-022-01883-x · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Mindfulness-Based Interventions for Weight Loss and CVD Risk Management
Fulwiler, C., Brewer, J. A., Sinnott, S. M., & Loucks, E. B. (2015) · Current Cardiovascular Risk Reports · doi:10.1007/s12170-015-0474-1 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Does food intake mediate the association between mindful eating and change in depressive symptoms?
Winkens, L. H. H., Elstgeest, L. E. M., van Strien, T., Penninx, B. W. J. H., Visser, M., & Brouwer, I. A. (2020) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s1368980019003732 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
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Systematic Review for the Medical Applications of Meditation in Randomized Controlled Trials
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“DM type 2 [73] Mindful eating intervention (M) 52 (2, self-management) 12 depressive mood, feeling anxious, DM symptoms A, mindfulness”
BackgroundEffects of Mindfulness Interventions on Health Outcomes in Older Lesbian/Bisexual Women
Ingraham, N., Eliason, M. J., Garbers, S., Harbatkin, D., Minnis, A. M., McElroy, J. A., & Haynes, S. (2016) · Women s Health Issues · doi:10.1016/j.whi.2016.04.002 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Lutes, L. D., Cummings, D. M., Littlewood, K., Le, M. T., Kirian, K., Patil, S., Solar, C., Carraway, M., & Hambidge, B. (2020) · Canadian Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.1016/j.jcjd.2020.05.016 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Hamasaki, H. (2023) · Medicines · doi:10.3390/medicines10090053 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
“Ni et al. [16] showed that MBSR or MBCT reduced depression scores measured by various scales (standardized mean difference (SMD) = − 0.84; 95% CI, − 1.16 to − 0.51, p < 0.0001) and improved the mental health composite of quality of life (MD = 7.06, 95% CI, 5.19 to 9.03, p < 0.0001).”
BackgroundInfluentialMindful eating, obesity, and risk of type 2 diabetes in university students: A cross‐sectional study
Kes, D., & ÇİÇEK, S. C. (2021) · Nursing Forum · doi:10.1111/nuf.12561 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Weight‐neutral interventions in young people with high body mass index: A systematic review
Hoare, J. K., Lister, N. B., Garnett, S. P., Baur, L. A., & Jebeile, H. (2022) · Nutrition & Dietetics · doi:10.1111/1747-0080.12729 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Meditation for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease
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The effects of mindfulness training on the level of happiness and blood sugar in diabetes patients
Zarifsanaiey, N., Jamalian, K., Bazrafcan, L., Keshavarzy, F., & Shahraki, H. R. (2020) · Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders · doi:10.1007/s40200-020-00510-7 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Daubenmier, J., Chao, M. T., Hartogensis, W., Liu, R., Moran, P. J., Acree, M. C., Kristeller, J., Epel, E. S., & Hecht, F. M. (2021) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000000859 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“, binge eating disorder, obesity, and diabetes) (32,71,72).”
Self-citationShared Medical Appointments and Mindfulness for Type 2 Diabetes—A Mixed-Methods Feasibility Study
Ee, C., de Courten, B. V., Avard, N., de Manincor, M., Al‐Dabbas, M. A., Hao, J., McBride, K. A., Dubois, S., White, R. L., Fleming, C., et al. (2020) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2020.570777 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Zhang, X., Tan, S. S., Fierloos, I. N., Zanutto, O., Alhambra‐Borrás, T., Vasiljev, V., Bennett, S. E., Rentoumis, A., Buranello, A., Macchione, S., et al. (2019) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-019-6979-7 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
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“Paying attention to these two factors has been shown to lead to healthier eating [7].”
BackgroundRole of gastronomy and new technologies in shaping healthy diets
Pérez‐Rodrigo, C., & Bartrina, J. A. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-820057-5.00002-9 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
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Value-based eating habits; exploring religio-cultural nutritional behavior norms
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“[41,42] also tracked participant’s attendance.”
MethodMaine, A., Brown, M. J., Dickson, A., & Truesdale, M. (2018) · Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities · doi:10.1111/jar.12544 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“7%) which met all of the TSC criteria (Miller et al., 2014; Wu et al., 2011).”
BackgroundInfluentialGoodwin, R., Lucio, J. D., Vega‐López, S., & Bruening, M. M. (2017) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-016-0674-x · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Dreger, L. C., Mackenzie, C. S., & McLeod, B. (2014) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-014-0332-0 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Ugarte, C. A., Cruzat‐Mandich, C., Quiñones, Á., Díaz-Tendero, D., Gallegos, M., Gil, A. A., & Cepeda‐Benito, A. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1101120 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
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“It was shown that a mindful eating intervention in patients with type 2 diabetes gives better results in meeting the self-care needs of the patients [18].”
BackgroundAbdulsalam, F. I., Srichaijaroonpong, S., Phoosuwan, N., & Phoosuwan, N. (2025) · Journal of Diabetes Research · doi:10.1155/jdr/2640702 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
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“On the other hand, a randomised controlled trial (RCT) that compared MB-EAT with standard diabetes self-management (DSMA) demonstrated that depressive symptoms, self-efficacy of eating, and HbA1c levels improved significantly from baseline levels in both groups [14].”
BackgroundMuñoz-Mireles, G., Mantzios, M., Schellinger, J. N., Messiah, S. E., & Marroquín, E. (2023) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-023-02236-y · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Impact of diabetes education and self-management support on the 4D series of diabetes patients
Luan, L.-L., Jiao, Y., He, Y.-F., Huang, Z., Liu, L., & Huang, Z.-S. (2017) · Biomedical Research-tokyo · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Examining Impacts of Mindfulness in Requesting Job Accommodations for Individuals With Disabilities
Vance, S., Campbell, A. L., & Dong, S. (2016) · Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0034355216683673 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
What Are You Hungry for? The 9 Hunger Mindful Eating Online Randomized Controlled Trial
Peitz, D., & Warschburger, P. (2023) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-023-02263-9 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“Positive effects have also been found in different subgroups, such as in persons with diabetes (Miller et al., 2014), and low-income over-weight women in primary health care (Salvo et al., 2022).”
Pichon, A., Urteaga, I., Mamykina, L., & Elhadad, N. (2025) · ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction · doi:10.1145/3717063 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“Faced with often generic guidance, individuals are left with the burden of translating this information into their day-to-day lives [30, 57, 102, 105, 111].”
Egan, H. H., Keyte, R., & Mantzios, M. (2022) · International Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12529-022-10057-x · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“The positive outcomes have also led to several programmes targeting mindful eating, such as the Mindfulness-Based Eating Awareness Training (MB-EAT) [31] and the Mindful Eating and Living (MEAL) [32], where people suffering from other chronic conditions such as type 2 diabetes [33], chronic kidney disease [34] and obe…”
BackgroundMindful Eating and Current Glycemic Control in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Erbakan, A. N., Bahadır, M. A., Gonen, O., & Kaya, F. N. (2024) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.57198 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“In a study conducted by Miller et al., both mindful eating and diabetes self-management education (DMSE) were found to be effective interventions for enhancing eating regulation and dietary patterns, and reducing symptoms of depression and anxiety in adults with T2DM [14].”
InfluentialLes thérapies émotionnelles dans les problématiques de surpoids ou d’obésité
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Mantzios, M., Egan, H. H., Wallis, D. J., & Wood, J. S. (2022) · Nutrition and Health · doi:10.1177/02601060221116164 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Zhao, H., Johnson, J. A., Sayah, F. A., Soprovich, A., & Eurich, D. T. (2018) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2018.07.011 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Conceptual Congruence in Mindfulness-Based Weight Loss Intervention Studies
Schultz, M. B. (2018) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-017-0860-5 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“Only one study reported a statistical power analysis (Miller et al. 2014).”
BackgroundDisordered Eating in Emerging Adults: A Narrative Review and Recommendations for Prevention
El-Jor, C., Hallez, Q., Filippone, L., Flaudias, V., & Shankland, R. (2025) · Emerging Adulthood · doi:10.1177/21676968251318056 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“Mindfulness-based interventions also improve participants ’ distress tolerance skills (Chacko et al., 2016; Miller et al., 2014), which would then help them better manage food cravings and stress-induced binge eating episodes (Kristeller et al., 2014).”
Gutiérrez‐Domingo, T., Farhane‐Medina, N. Z., Villaécija, J., Vivas, S., Tabernero, C., Castillo‐Mayén, R., & Luque, B. (2024) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare12181876 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Integrative Medicine for Patients with Diabetes and Mental Health Disorders: A Narrative Review
Kassem, S., Samuels, N., & Ben‐Arye, E. (2025) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-025-01623-7 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“In an RCT exploring the effect of a mindful eating inter - vention, compared with a diabetes self-management intervention, Miller et al. found a significant improvement in depressive symptoms in both groups [63].”
Tsai, C.-C., Chan, H., Lien, W.-L., Chu, H.-Y., & Chen, M. (2024) · Applied Nursing Research · doi:10.1016/j.apnr.2024.151799 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Whole-person Integrative Eating: A Program for Treating Overeating, Overweight, and Obesity.
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“Additionally, the M-bCCDT program may enhance participants’ mindfulness awareness, with effect persisting at the 20 weeks, extending previous research that shows MBIs improve mindfulness awareness [47].”
Sato, A. F., & Fahrenkamp, A. J. (2016) · Pediatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.pcl.2016.02.003 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Rodrigues, D. A. C., Marcadenti, A., Machado, R. H. V., Bersch-Ferreira, Â. C., Gherardi‐Donato, E. C. D. S., Quinhoneiro, D. C. G., de Almeida, J. C., Souza, V. S., de Souza, S. R., Busnello, F. M., et al. (2024) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2024.107228 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Zeitlin, A. B., Ward, C., Cooper, A. O. M., Landry, M. J., Krenek, A. M., Durand, L. R., Cunanan, K. M., Robinson, J. L., Dant, C. C., & Gardner, C. D. (2025) · Current Developments in Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107549 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Jiménez-Cano, V. M., Gómez-Luque, A., Alonso, V. R., Ramírez-Durán, M. D. V., Basilio-Fernández, B., Alfageme-García, P., Ruiz, S. H., Fabregat-Fernández, J., & Torres-Pérez, A. (2025) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare13172186 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“However, other studies present contrasting evidence: Carri è re et al. [37] and Miller et al. [33] demonstrated that interventions focused on mindful eating and emotional regulation can improve dietary habits and metabolic indicators, including glycemic control in adults at high risk or with a…”
Suardi, S., Razak, A., Amiruddin, R., Ishak, H., Salmah, U., & Maria, I. L. (2021) · Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences · doi:10.3889/oamjms.2021.6033 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“Several DSME interventions are capable of providing effective change in promoting behavior change [19].”
BackgroundSilva, A. F. D. S., Japúr, C. C., Silva, T. A., Motarelli, J. H. F., Buttros, T. S., & Penaforte, F. R. D. O. (2021) · Revista Família Ciclos de Vida e Saúde no Contexto Social · doi:10.18554/refacs.v9i4.5006 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“Miller et al. (2014)29 Estados Unidos 52 indivíduos (27 alocados no grupo Treinamento de Consciência Alimentar Baseado em Mindfulness adaptado para diabetes (MBEATD); e 25 no grupo Smart Choices - SC).”
Background
- Authors
- Miller, C. K., Kristeller, J. L., Headings, A., & Nagaraja, H.
- Affiliations
- The Ohio State University (US)
- Indiana State University (US)
- Venue
- Health Education & Behavior
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2013-07-12
- Volume
- 41
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 145-154
- ISSN
- 1090-1981 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-6127
- PMC
- PMC4217158
- OpenAlex
- W2105834280
- Cited by
- 161
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 8.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Health Education & Behavior (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R21DK084330)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
- Keywords
- mindful eating, diabetes self-management education, type 2 diabetes, dietary habits, self-efficacy, nutrition knowledge, outcome expectations, depressive symptoms, cognitive control, disinhibition, fruit and vegetable intake, weight change, mindfulness
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Choice Behavior, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Feeding Behavior, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Self Care, Weight Loss, Self Efficacy, Nutritional Sciences, Mindfulness
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