Cited by 1,102Public Health Policies and EducationBehavioral Health and InterventionsHealth Policy Implementation Science

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Intervention Mapping: A Process for Developing Theory and Evidence-Based Health Education Programs

Bartholomew, L. Kay, Parcel, Guy S., Kok, Gerjo·1998·Health Education & Behavior

DOI 10.1177/109019819802500502

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Abstract

The practice of health education involves three major program-planning activities: needs assessment, program development, and evaluation. Over the past 20 years, significant enhancements have been made to the conceptual base and practice of health education. Models that outline explicit procedures and detailed conceptualization of community assessment and evaluation have been developed. Other advancements include the application of theory to health education and promotion program development and implementation. However, there remains a need for more explicit specification of the processes by which one uses theory and empirical findings to develop interventions. This article presents the origins, purpose, and description of Intervention Mapping, a framework for health education intervention development. Intervention Mapping is composed of five steps: (1) creating a matrix of proximal program objectives, (2) selecting theory-based intervention methods and practical strategies, (3) designing and organizing a program, (4) specifying adoption and implementation plans, and (5) generating program evaluation plans.

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“Based on the steps of Intervention Mapping Framework [35] Footnote: NICE—National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, PPI—People & Public Involvement Audsley et al.”
Method
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“Theeffectivenessofhealtheducationinterventions alsodependsonhowwelltheperson’sneedsand preferences are addressed, in order to enable shared decision making and achieve person-centered care [69, 70].”
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“Behavior change intervention development frameworks, such as intervention mapping [36] and the BCT taxonomy developed by Abraham XSL • FO RenderX et al [37], contribute to translating theory into practice [34].”
Determinants, behaviour change techniques and pedagogical approaches used in secondary school-based food and nutrition programmes: a qualitative study of the SWITCH project
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“The interviews were supported by a semi-structured interview guide, which was inspired by the Intervention Mapping (IM) protocol in order to go through the set-up and development of the programme in a systematic way [38, 39].”
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Sonographer-Identified Barriers and Facilitators to Prenatal Screening for Congenital Heart Disease
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“Sonographer responses were used to develop an explanatory conceptual model for sonographer behaviors surrounding fetal cardiac screening that could be tested with quantitative investigation.(27) Our conceptual model incorporated cognitive and behavioral concepts from the technology acceptance model(28) and the “unifie…”
Method
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Felder, T. M., Heiney, S. P., Hébert, J. R., Friedman, D. B., Elk, R. A., Franco, R., Gansauer, L. J., Christensen, B., & Ford, M. E. (2020) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/17742 · Cited by 5
“We will apply appropriate multi-level theories to refine the intervention strategies and messages [35-37].”
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“Intervention development Intervention development adhered to the intervention mapping protocol (Bartholomew et al., 1998).”
Method
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“One of the first steps to develop training programmes is to understand the patient population that is intended to be served by the graduate.[10] There is a paucity of national literature describing the neonatal population who undergo CCT in dedicated services.”
Background
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Abdulai, M. A., Mevissen, F. E. F., Kramer, A., Boitelet, Z., Asante, K. P., Owusu‐Agyei, S., Ruiter, R. A. C., & Bos, A. E. R. (2023) · International Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.ijans.2023.100532 · Cited by 5
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“We also introduced our use of PPM (Green and Kreuter 2005) and IM (Bartholomew, Parcel, and Kok 1998) as planning models in order to create coherent and logical programming.”
Method
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“words and followed by a statement of what is expected to result from the intervention [16, 17].”
BackgroundMethod
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“Pulmonary diseases, n (%) 8 (15) 14 (26) 11 (24) 6 (13) .”
Influential
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“Nevertheless, there is still a recognized need for bridging the gap between theory and practice (Bartholomew, Parcel, & Kok, 1998; Glanz, Lewis, & Rimer, 1997), and innovative models to facilitate the process of selecting and applying theories are being proposed (Bartholomew et al., 1998).”
Background
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Self-citation
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Bewegungsberatung durch Experten aus der Sportwissenschaft. Eine Public Health Strategie zur Erhöhung körperlicher Aktivität bei speziellen Zielgruppen
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Mensing, C. R., Boucher, J. L., Cypress, M., Weinger, K., Mulcahy, K., Barta, P., Hosey, O., Kopher, W., Lasichak, A., Lamb, B., et al. (2000) · The Science of Diabetes Self-Management and Care · doi:10.1177/014572170002600407 · Cited by 5
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“Intervention development frameworks from behavioral science, such as the Behavior Change Wheel [82–84] and Intervention Mapping [9, 65], can be used to facilitate this step.”
BackgroundMethod
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Moore, G. F. (2010) · ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University) · Cited by 5
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“…the gap between theoretical frameworks and practical telehealth delivery by addressing the following specific research questions: (1) How can a multicomponent telehealth intervention be systematically developed for older Chinese adults with T2DM using the IM [33,34,40] and BCW [41] frameworks?”
Influential
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“To develop and refine a multicomponent implementation strategy (PrEP4Her) that aimed to integrate PrEP in gynecology clinics, an intervention mapping technique was used [38].”
The use of implementation mapping in healthcare settings: a scoping review
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“We chose intervention mapping (IM) [22,23] to systematically increase the applicability of PM.”
Method
Changing Behavior in the Digital Age
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Authors: Bartholomew, L. K., Parcel, G. S., & Kok, G.
Affiliations: The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (US)
Maastricht University (NL)
Corresponding author: Bartholomew, L. Kay
ORCID: Bartholomew, L. Kay
Kok, Gerjo
Venue: Health Education & Behavior
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 1998-10
Volume: 25
Issue: 5
Pages: 545-563
ISSN: 1090-1981 (ISSN-L)
1552-6127
DOI: 10.1177/109019819802500502
OpenAlex: W1986321933
Cited by: 1,102
References: 59
Citations by year: 2026: 52 · 2025: 87 · 2024: 67 · 2023: 59 · 2022: 67 · 2021: 78 · 2020: 113 · 2019: 57 · 2018: 69 · 2017: 55 · 2016: 48 · 2015: 46 · 2014: 45 · 2013: 41 · 2012: 25
FWCI: 25.57
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Health Education & Behavior (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Public Health Policies and Education
Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health Policy Implementation Science
Keywords: intervention mapping, health education program development, theory-based intervention design, program planning, needs assessment, program evaluation planning, health promotion
MeSH terms: Decision Support Techniques, Forecasting, Health Education, Health Plan Implementation, Health Planning Guidelines, Humans

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Intervention Mapping: A Process for Developing Theory and Evidence-Based Health Education Programs

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