Cited by 865Family and Disability Support ResearchAutism Spectrum Disorder ResearchChild Nutrition and Feeding Issues

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 27 of the 28 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Parenting stress and psychological functioning among mothers of preschool children with autism and developmental delay

Open access

Estes, Annette, Munson, Jeffrey, Dawson, Geraldine, Koehler, Elizabeth, Zhou, Xiao-Hua, Abbott, Robert·2009·Autism

DOI 10.1177/1362361309105658PMC PMC2965631

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Parents of children with developmental disabilities, particularly autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), are at risk for high levels of distress. The factors contributing to this are unclear. This study investigated how child characteristics influence maternal parenting stress and psychological distress. Participants consisted of mothers and developmental-age matched preschool-aged children with ASD (N = 51) and developmental delay without autism (DD) ( N = 22). Evidence for higher levels of parenting stress and psychological distress was found in mothers in the ASD group compared to the DD group. Children's problem behavior was associated with increased parenting stress and psychological distress in mothers in the ASD and DD groups. This relationship was stronger in the DD group. Daily living skills were not related to parenting stress or psychological distress. Results suggest clinical services aiming to support parents should include a focus on reducing problem behaviors in children with developmental disabilities.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1177/1362361309105658

Cites

27 of 27 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

The brief symptom inventory: an introductory report.
Derogatis, L. R., & Melisaratos, N. (1983) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291700048017 · Cited by 6,650
Assessing the impact of life changes: Development of the Life Experiences Survey.
Sarason, I. G., Johnson, J. H., & Siegel, J. M. (1978) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.46.5.932 · Cited by 2,788
Mullen Scales of Early Learning
Bradley‐Johnson, S. (1997) · Psychology in the Schools · doi:10.1002/(sici)1520-6807(199710)34:4 · Cited by 2,329
Early social attention impairments in autism: social orienting, joint attention, and attention to distress
Dawson, G., Toth, K., Abbott, R., Osterling, J., Munson, J., Estes, A., & Liaw, J. (2004) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.40.2.271 · Cited by 1,477
Self-citation
The impact of behaviour problems on caregiver stress in young people with autism spectrum disorders
Lecavalier, L., Leone, S., & Wiltz, J. (2006) · Journal of Intellectual Disability Research · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2788.2005.00732.x · Cited by 1,163
Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development
Society for Research in Child Development (2026) · Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development · doi:10.1111/(issn)1540-5834 · Cited by 1,107
Social Factors And Psychopathology: Stress, Social Support, And Coping Processes
Coyne, J. C., & Downey, G. (1991) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.ps.42.020191.002153 · Cited by 856
Preschool children with intellectual disability: syndrome specificity, behaviour problems, and maternal well‐being
Eisenhower, A. S., Baker, B. L., & Blacher, J. (2005) · Journal of Intellectual Disability Research · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2788.2005.00699.x · Cited by 620
Parental stress and behaviour problems of children with developmental disability
Hastings, R. P. (2002) · Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability · doi:10.1080/1366825021000008657 · Cited by 501
The relationship between behaviours exhibited by children with autism and maternal stress
Tomanik, S. S., Harris, G. E., & Hawkins, J. (2004) · Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability · doi:10.1080/13668250410001662892 · Cited by 467

Show all 28 references

Research works printed but not linked: 8

Aman, M.G., 1986, Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC)
Dawson, G., 2004, Joint Attention, and Responses to Emotions', Developmental Psychology, 40, 271
Fitzgerald, M., 2002, The Irish Journal of Psychology, 33, 17
Gallagher, J.J. & Bristol, M. (1989) `Families of Young Handicapped Children', in M.C.R.M.C. Wang & H.J. Walberg (eds) Handbook of Special Education: Research and Practice: Vol. 3, 3rd edn, pp. 295-317. New York: Pergamon.
10.1352/0895-8017(2002)107<0222:BPOCWA>2.0.CO;2 · DOI
Lord, C., 2003, Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule Manual
Rutter, M., 2003, Autism Diagnostic Interview Revised: WPS Edition Manual
Sparrow, S., 1984, Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales: Interview

Sorted by citations

Items 201–300 of 864

Improving Family Functioning Following Diagnosis of ASD: A Randomized Trial of a Parent Mentorship Program
Moody, E. J., Kaiser, K., Sharp, D., Kubicek, L. F., Rigles, B., Davis, J. M., McSwegin, S., D’Abreu, L. C., & Rosenberg, C. R. (2018) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-018-1293-z · Cited by 46
Depression-anxiety symptoms and stigmatization perception in mothers of children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Öz, B. O., Yüksel, T., & Nasıroğlu, S. (2019) · Nöro Psikiyatri Arşivi · doi:10.29399/npa.23655 · Cited by 42
Associations between child behavior problems, family management, and depressive symptoms for mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder
Kim, I., Ekas, N. V., & Hock, R. (2016) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2016.03.009 · Cited by 51
Sensory Features and Family Functioning in Families of Children With Autism and Developmental Disabilities: Longitudinal Associations
Kirby, A. V., Williams, K. L., Watson, L. R., Sideris, J. H., Bulluck, J., & Baranek, G. T. (2019) · American Journal of Occupational Therapy · doi:10.5014/ajot.2018.027391 · Cited by 41
“Parents of children with DD are suggested to experience high levels of caregiver strain (Gupta, 2007), with further elevated levels seen among parents of children with ASD (Estes et al., 2009; Hayes & Watson, 2013; Plant & Sanders, 2007; Rao & Beidel, 2009).”
Un modelo global de estrés en padres de personas con trastornos del espectro autista.
Pozo, P., & Sarriá, E. (2013) · Anales de Psicología · doi:10.6018/analesps.30.1.140722 · Cited by 50
“…stereotyped behaviour, and self-injury) also have a strong positive association with parental stress (Baker, Blacher, Crnic, & Edelbrock, 2002; Bishop, Richler, Cain, & Lord, 2007; Estes et al., 2009; Her- * Dirección para correspondencia [Correspondence address]: Encarnación Sarriá Sánchez.”
BackgroundResult
Health of mothers of children with intellectual disability or autism spectrum disorder: a review of the literature
Fairthorne, J., de Klerk, N. H., & Leonard, H. (2015) · Medical Research Archives · doi:10.18103/mra.v0i3.204 · Cited by 40
“…Single-item measure Service providers US 116cases, 129 controls TD, DD Emerson, 2003 5 Questionnaires Larger survey UK 245 cases, 9,481 controls ID, TD Estes et al., 2009 3 Stress & Distress indices Service providers US 51 ASD, 22 DD ASD, DD Fairthorne et al., 2014 6 Linked data Linked data…”
BackgroundInfluential
Emotional Disclosure Through Journal Writing: Telehealth Intervention for Maternal Stress and Mother–Child Relationships
Whitney, R. V., & Smith, G. (2015) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-014-2332-2 · Cited by 39
“Not surprisingly, total scores for maternal stress are consistent with previous studies that looked the relationship between maternal stress and children with socially disruptive behaviors (Estes et al. 2009; Lee et al. 2009).”
Result
Systematic Review of Disparities and Differences in the Access and Use of Allied Health Services Amongst Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders
Dallman, A., Artis, J., Watson, L. R., & Wright, S. T. (2020) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-020-04608-y · Cited by 45
Encyclopedia of Autism Spectrum Disorders
Margari, L., de Giambattista, C., & Ventura, P. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-6435-8 · Cited by 39
Parent-mediated cognitive behavioural therapy for young children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder and anxiety: a randomized control trial
Cook, J. M., Donovan, C. L., & Garnett, M. S. (2019) · Early Child Development and Care · doi:10.1080/03004430.2017.1303684 · Cited by 38
“…to parents of typically developing children and parents of children with other disabilities and health conditions, parents of children with ASD report higher levels of stress, anxiety, and depression (e.g. Abbeduto et al., 2004; Bouma & Schweitzer, 1990; Estes et al., 2009; Hayes & Watson, 2013).”
Background
Psychological effects of parenting children with autism prospective study in Kuwait
Fido, A. A., & Al-Saad, S. (2013) · Open Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.4236/ojpsych.2013.32a002 · Cited by 40
Occupational Patterns of Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Revisiting Matuska and Christiansen's Model of Lifestyle Balance
Duker, L. I. S., Foran, A. C., & Cermak, S. A. (2011) · Journal of Occupational Science · doi:10.1080/14427591.2011.575762 · Cited by 48
“Stress levels are noted to be even greater in the population of parents rearing children with ASD (Boyd, 2002; Estes et al., 2009; Gray, 2003).”
BackgroundInfluential
Parent, child, and family outcomes following Acceptance And Commitment Therapy for parents of autistic children: A randomized controlled trial
Maughan, A. L., Lunsky, Y., Lake, J., Mills, J. S., Fung, K., Steel, L., & Weiss, J. A. (2024) · Autism · doi:10.1177/13623613231172241 · Cited by 37
“…levels of stress, anxiety, and depression compared to parents of children who do not have a disability, and their levels of chronic stress have been shown to surpass levels experienced by parents of children with other developmental disabilities (Bitsika & Sharpley, 2004; Estes et al., 2009).”
Background
Longitudinal studies of challenging behaviours in autistic children and adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Adams, D., Dargue, N., & Paynter, J. M. (2023) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2023.102320 · Cited by 37
Parental Stress Related to Caring for a Child With Autism Spectrum Disorder and the Benefit of Mindfulness-Based Interventions for Parental Stress: A Systematic Review
Yesilkaya, M., & Magallón-Neri, E. M. (2024) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/21582440241235033 · Cited by 54
“…of children with autism spectrum disorder experience a higher level of parenting stress than parents of children without any developmental disabilities (DD) and parents of children with other types of developmental disabilities (Estes et al., 2009; Hayes & Watson, 2013; Rodriguez et al., 2019).”
A Challenging Fit: Employment, Childcare, and Therapeutic Support in Families of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders
Houser, L., McCarthy, M. J., Shea, L., & Mandell, D. S. (2014) · Journal of Social Service Research · doi:10.1080/01488376.2014.930944 · Cited by 49
“…of children with ASD have elevated levels of parenting and family stress, both relative to parents of children with other chronic illnesses and developmental disabilities and relative to parents of typically developing children (Davis & Carter, 2008; Estes et al., 2009; Koegel et al., 1992).”
Background
Mothers of Autistic Children. How do They Feel?
Oprea, C. E., & Stan, A. (2012) · Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.06.224 · Cited by 37
Predictors of Satisfaction with Life in Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Landon, J., Shepherd, D., & Goedeke, S. (2017) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-017-3423-7 · Cited by 36
Telehealth-enabled behavioral treatment for problem behaviors in boys with fragile X syndrome: a randomized controlled trial
Hall, S. S., Monlux, K. D., Rodriguez, A. B., Jo, B., & Pollard, J. S. (2020) · Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders · doi:10.1186/s11689-020-09331-4 · Cited by 37
The role of family cohesion in the psychological adjustment of non-Hispanic White and Hispanic mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder
Ekas, N. V., Ghilain, C. S., Pruitt, M. M., Çelimli, Ş., Gutierrez, A., & Alessandri, M. (2015) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2015.09.002 · Cited by 39
Influencing factors on mothers' parenting style of young children at risk for developmental delay in South Korea: The mediating effects of parenting stress
Nam, S. H., & Chun, J. (2013) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2013.11.008 · Cited by 37
“Although most parents experience some degree of parental stress, research indicates that parents of childrenwho have or are at risk of developmental delay are more likely to have higher levels of parenting stress (Davis & Carter, 2008; Estes et al., 2009).”
Background
Investigating the Influence of Parenting Stress on Child Behavior Problems in Children with Developmental Delay: The Role of Parent-Child Relational Factors
Dennis, M. L., Neece, C. L., & Fenning, R. M. (2018) · Advances in Neurodevelopmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s41252-017-0044-2 · Cited by 36
“It has beenwell documented that parents of children affected by developmental delays (DD) report considerably more parenting stress than parents of typically developing (TD) children (Baker et al. 2003; Emerson 2003; Estes et al. 2009; Gerstein et al. 2009; Hauser-Cram et al. 2001; Oelofsen and Richardson 2006).”
Background
Developmental disabilities across the world: A scientometric review from 1936 to 2020
Carollo, A., Bonassi, A., Lim, M., Gabrieli, G., Setoh, P., Dimitriou, D., Aryadoust, V., & Esposito, G. (2021) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2021.104031 · Cited by 35
“Together in a pressure cooker”: Parenting children with disabilities during the COVID-19 lockdown
Hochman, Y., Shpigelman, C., Holler, R., & Werner, S. (2022) · Disability and health journal · doi:10.1016/j.dhjo.2022.101273 · Cited by 35
Relationship dimensions of the ‘ D own syndrome advantage’
Mitchell, D. B., Hauser‐Cram, P., & Crossman, M. K. (2014) · Journal of Intellectual Disability Research · doi:10.1111/jir.12153 · Cited by 42
“…of behaviour problems than children with other developmental disabilities (Blacher & McIntyre 2006; Griffith et al. 2010), and numerous studies on children with behaviour problems indicate that such problems result in parenting challenges (Hastings 2002; Abbeduto et al. 2004; Estes et al. 2009).”
Background
Parenting self-efficacy beliefs in parents of children with autism: Perspectives from Singapore.
Chong, W. H., & Kua, S. M. (2016) · American Journal of Orthopsychiatry · doi:10.1037/ort0000169 · Cited by 40
“A body of research has documented the significant con-tributions of positive parenting practices to a range ofdevelopmental and growth trajectories of children (Ang, 2006; Darling & Steinberg, 1993; Estes et al., 2009; Sung, 2010; Wang, Pomerantz, & Chen, 2007).”
Background
Caregiver and family quality of life for children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder
Reid, N., & Moritz, K. M. (2019) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2019.103478 · Cited by 34
Parental Stress and Disability in Offspring: A Snapshot during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Siracusano, M., Riccioni, A., Gialloreti, L. E., Segatori, E., Arturi, L., Vasta, M., Porfirio, M. C., Terribili, M., Galasso, C., & Mazzone, L. (2021) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci11081040 · Cited by 40
“This is in line with previous studies, reporting children’s problematic behavior as a predictor of parental stress within ASD children [4,6,32].”
BackgroundResult
Risk and protective factors of quality of life for children with autism spectrum disorder and their families during the COVID-19 lockdown. An Italian study
Logrieco, M. G., Casula, L., Ciuffreda, G. N., Novello, R. L., Spinelli, M., Lionetti, F., Nicolì, I., Fasolo, M., Valeri, G., & Vicari, S. (2021) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2021.104130 · Cited by 39
An Examination of the Views of Parents of Children With Autism About Their Experiences at the Post-Diagnosis Period of Autism
Selimoğlu, Ö. G., Özdemir, S., Töret, G., & Özkubat, U. (2014) · International Journal of Early Childhood Special Education · doi:10.20489/intjecse.107930 · Cited by 34
Lower Electrodermal Activity to Acute Stress in Caregivers of People with Autism Spectrum Disorder: An Adaptive Habituation to Stress
Ruiz‐Robledillo, N., & Moya‐Albiol, L. (2013) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-013-1996-3 · Cited by 37
Factors associated with negative co-parenting experiences in families of a child with autism spectrum disorder
Chamberlain, A., Cordier, R., Vaz, S. M. A., Netto, J., & Falkmer, T. (2015) · Developmental Neurorehabilitation · doi:10.3109/17518423.2015.1069414 · Cited by 42
Parenting Stress of Children with Autistic Disorder
Al-Oran, H. M., & AL‐Sagarat, A. Y. (2016) · OALib · doi:10.4236/oalib.1102791 · Cited by 37
Symptom severity, caregiver stress and intervention helpfulness assessed using ratings from parents caring for a child with autism
Shepherd, D., Landon, J., & Goedeke, S. (2017) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361316688869 · Cited by 41
“…and anger than other parents (e.g. Duarte et al., 2005; Hoffman et al., 2009; Ingersoll et al., 2011; Ingersoll and Hambrick, 2011; Lutz et al., 2012; Rao and Beidel, 2009), including parents of children with other developmental disabilities (e.g. Estes et al., 2009; Schieve et al., 2011).”
Background
Feasibility of a trauma-informed parent–teacher cooperative training program for Syrian refugee children with autism
Dababnah, S., Habayeb, S., Bear, B., & Hussein, D. (2018) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361318805368 · Cited by 32
“…spectrum disorder (ASD) have significant impacts on parents and other caregivers, including elevated stress, more depressive symptoms, and lower levels of well-being, compared to those raising children without ASD (Estes et al., 2009; Phetrasuwan and Shandor Miles, 2009; Schieve et al., 2007).”
Background
Transforming pediatric neuropsychology through video-based teleneuropsychology: an innovative private practice model pre-COVID-19
Salinas, C. M., Edgar, V. B., Berrios-Siervo, G. M., & Bender, H. A. (2020) · Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology · doi:10.1093/arclin/acaa101 · Cited by 32
End-user perspectives on the development of an online intervention for parents of children on the autism spectrum
Hermaszewska, S., & Sin, J. (2021) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361320984895 · Cited by 32
“…functioning (Hall & Graff, 2011), comorbid mental and physical health conditions (ValicentiMcDermott et al, 2015) and increased levels of problem behaviours, such as aggression and hyper-activity in autistic children (Estes et al., 2009), are positively associated with increased parent stress.”
Background
Severity of child autistic symptoms and parenting stress in mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder in Japan and USA: cross-cultural differences.
Porter, N., Loveland, K. A., Saroukhani, S., Posey, Y., Morimoto, K., & Rahbar, M. H. (2022) · Autism Research and Treatment · doi:10.1155/2022/7089053 · Cited by 31
“Although researchers seem to agree on a positive association between parenting stress and children’s problem behavior (child’s internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors) [2, 4, 14, 26, 27], the findings related to the association between child autistic symptom severity and parenting stress have been inconsiste…”
BackgroundResult
A Systematic Review of Parental Self-Efficacy in Parents of Autistic Children
Brennan, J., Ward, O. F., Tomeny, T. S., & Davis, T. E. (2024) · Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10567-024-00495-2 · Cited by 37
“Parents of autistic children are also at an additional risk for decreased PSE as they experience increased levels of stress (Brobst et al., 2009; Estes et al., 2009; Hayes & Watson, 2013; Hoffman et al., 2009; Lai et al., 2015; Rao & Beidel, 2009; for review, see Bonis, 2016), increased mental…”
Longitudinal effects of educational involvement on parent and family functioning among mothers of children with ASD
Benson, P. R. (2014) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2014.11.011 · Cited by 39
Fathering a Child with Autism Spectrum Disorder: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis
Martins, C. D., Walker, S. P., & Fouché, P. J. P. (2013) · Indo-Pacific Journal of Phenomenology · doi:10.2989/ipjp.2013.13.1.5.1171 · Cited by 34
“This finding is in keeping with literature highlighting elevated levels of stress in the parents of children with ASD (e.g., Estes et al., 2009; Higgins et al., 2005; Kuhn & Carter, 2006; Meirsschaut et al., 2010; Osborne & Reed, 2010; Weiss, 2002).”
ResultInfluential
Personal experiences disclosed by parents of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A YouTube analysis
Lloyd, S., Osborne, L. A., & Reed, P. (2019) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2019.03.009 · Cited by 34
Stability and change in resolution of diagnosis among parents of children with autism spectrum disorder: Child and parental contributions
Yirmiya, N., Seidman, I., Koren‐Karie, N., Oppenheim, D., & Dolev, S. (2015) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s095457941500067x · Cited by 31
“Estes et al. (2009) found that problem behaviors in children with ASD were associated with elevated levels of parenting stress and psychological distress in mothers.”
Background
A Brief Coaching Intervention for Teaching Naturalistic Strategies to Parents
Lane, J. D., Ledford, J. R., Shepley, C., Mataras, T. K., Ayres, K. M., & Davis, A. B. (2016) · Journal of Early Intervention · doi:10.1177/1053815116663178 · Cited by 31
“These challenges are especially prevalent for parents of young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), who often report increased levels of stress, especially related to adequately addressing the needs of their children (Benson & Karlof, 2009; Estes et al., 2009; Hayes & Watson, 2013).”
Background
Comparative effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction and psychoeducational support on parenting stress in families of autistic preschoolers
Neece, C. L., Fenning, R. M., Morrell, H. E., & Benjamin, L. R. (2024) · Autism · doi:10.1177/13623613231191558 · Cited by 30
Parental Stress and Quality of Life in Parents of Young Children with Autism
Neijs, L. D.-D., Boeke, D. B., van Berckelaer‐Onnes, I. A., Swaab, H., & Ester, W. A. (2024) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-024-01693-3 · Cited by 54
“Therefore, more attention is needed to explore the mechanisms inducing stress [17–19, 23 ].”
Mindful parenting: future directions and challenges
Cowling, C., & Gordon, W. V. (2021) · International Journal of Spa and Wellness · doi:10.1080/24721735.2021.1961114 · Cited by 34
“For example, Estes et al. (2009) found that child problem behaviour increased parenting stress and psychological distress, but that neither the child’s ASD diagnosis nor impairment in daily functioning contributed to parenting stress.”
Background
The Relation Between Parental Expressed Emotion and Externalizing Behaviors in Children and Adolescents With an Autism Spectrum Disorder
Bader, S. H., Barry, T. D., & Hann, J. A. H. (2014) · Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1177/1088357614523065 · Cited by 31
Raising a Child with Autism: A Developmental Perspective on Family Adaptation
McStay, R. L., Trembath, D. L., & Dissanayake, C. (2015) · Current Developmental Disorders Reports · doi:10.1007/s40474-014-0037-z · Cited by 35
Sleep Outcomes for Parents of Children With Neurodevelopmental Disabilities: A Systematic Review
Micsinszki, S. K., Ballantyne, M., Cleverley, K., Green, P., & Stremler, R. (2018) · Journal of Family Nursing · doi:10.1177/1074840718773381 · Cited by 30
Association between child behavioural problems and parenting stress in autism spectrum disorders: the role of parenting self-efficacy
Strauß, K., Servadio, M., Valeri, G., Casula, L., Vicari, S., & Fava, L. (2022) · International Journal of Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1080/20473869.2022.2052417 · Cited by 35
“…stress is consistently reported on significantly higher levels in parents of children with ASD than those with typical development (Davis and Carter 2008, Estes et al. 2009, Giovagnoli et al. 2015) or with other neurodevelopmental disorders (Craig et al. 2016, Estes et al. 2009, Hou et al. 2018).”
Background
Quality of life in mothers of preschoolers with high‐functioning pervasive developmental disorders
Suzumura, S. (2014) · Pediatrics International · doi:10.1111/ped.12560 · Cited by 33
Examining the Relationship Between Parental Anxiety and Treatment Response in Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Anxiety
Reaven, J., Washington, L., Moody, E. J., Stern, J. A., Hepburn, S., & Blakeley‐Smith, A. (2015) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-015-2410-0 · Cited by 33
“Several studies have implicated the presence of maladaptive behavior as greatly contributing to caregiver stress (Estes et al. 2009; Lecavalier et al. 2006).”
Background
Do participation and self-efficacy of mothers to children with ASD predict their children’s participation?
Bar, M. A., Shelef, L., & Bart, O. (2016) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2016.01.002 · Cited by 33
Parent–Child Interaction in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Their Siblings: Choosing a Coding Strategy
Bontinck, C., Warreyn, P., Meirsschaut, M., & Roeyers, H. (2017) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-017-0877-3 · Cited by 33
“Parents of children with ASD report higher levels of stress and psychological distress (depression and anxiety) and lower feelings of selfefficacy and competency as a parent (Davis and Carter 2008; Estes et al. 2009; Meirsschaut et al. 2010).”
BackgroundInfluential
The Role of Compassion and Ethics in Decision Making Regarding Access to Applied Behavior Analysis Services During the COVID-19 Crisis: A Response to Cox, Plavnick, and Brodhead
Leblanc, L. A., Lazo, J. F., Pollard, J. S., & Unumb, L. S. (2020) · Behavior Analysis in Practice · doi:10.1007/s40617-020-00446-7 · Cited by 30
Autism Spectrum Disorders, Risk Communication, and the Problem of Inadvertent Harm
Rossi, J. P., Newschaffer, C. J., & Yudell, M. (2013) · Kennedy Institute of Ethics journal · doi:10.1353/ken.2013.0006 · Cited by 28
Shortened telomeres in families with a propensity to autism
Nelson, C. A., Varcin, K. J., Coman, N. K., DeVivo, I., & Tager-Flusberg, H. (2015) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2015.04.006 · Cited by 27
What Is Autism Spectrum Disorder?
Rea, H. M., LaMotte, K., & Burrell, T. L. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-03213-5_1 · Cited by 30
Self-care in caregivers of children with FASD: How do caregivers care for themselves, and what are the benefits and obstacles for doing so?
Kautz‐Turnbull, C., Parr, J., & Petrenko, C. L. M. (2020) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2020.103578 · Cited by 28
Evolution of the Autism Literature and the Influence of Parents: A Scientific Mapping in Web of Science
Carmona-Serrano, N., Moreno-Guerrero, A.-J., Marín, J. A. M., & López-Belmonte, J. (2021) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci11010074 · Cited by 31
“9 months [61], to the higher stress in families with students with ASD than other families with children with other symptoms [62], to the level of well-being in families with students with ASD, where it is higher in relation to disabilities such as Down’s or Fragile X syndrome [63], or that those families with student…”
Background
How do autistic severity and family functioning influence parental stress in caregivers of children with autism spectrum disorder in China? The important role of parental self-efficacy
Kishimoto, T., Liu, S., Zhang, L., & Li, S. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.956637 · Cited by 36
“These findings are consistent with previous research on the correlation of children’s symptom severity with family dysfunction and parental stress (Hastings and Johnson, 2001; Kogan et al., 2008; Estes et al., 2013).”
Result
Diary Reports of Concerns in Mothers of Infant Siblings of Children with Autism Across the First Year of Life
Talbott, M. R., Nelson, C. A., & Tager-Flusberg, H. B. (2015) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-015-2383-z · Cited by 33
“The severity of children’s autism symptoms and problem behaviors are positively associated with levels of parenting stress and depression amongst mothers of children with ASD (Estes et al. 2009; Ingersoll and Hambrick 2011).”
An Examination of Specific Child Behavior Problems as Predictors of Parenting Stress Among Families of Children With Pervasive Developmental Disorders
Davis, A. L., & Neece, C. L. (2017) · Journal of Mental Health Research in Intellectual Disabilities · doi:10.1080/19315864.2016.1276988 · Cited by 32
“Among children with delays, those with PDD, specifically autism or autistic disorder, generally display higher levels of behavior problems than children with other developmental disorders, including those with Down syndrome and undifferentiated developmental delays (Eisenhower et al., 2005; Estes et al., 2009; Kozlows…”
Background
Types of strain among family members of individuals with autism spectrum disorder across the lifespan
Shivers, C. M., Krizova, K., & Lee, G. K. (2017) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2017.07.003 · Cited by 29
“…report high levels of stress and strain, even compared to family members of individuals with other intellectual and developmental disabilities (e.g. Estes et al., 2009; Jellett, Wood, Giallo, & Seymour, 2015; Lee et al., 2009; Lee et al., 2012; Montes & Halterman, 2007; Schieve, Blumberg, Rice,…”
Background
Mothers’ Reactions to Their Child’s ASD Diagnosis: Predictors That Discriminate Grief from Distress
Wayment, H. A., & Brookshire, K. (2017) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-017-3266-2 · Cited by 37
“Our study focused on mothers of children with ASD because they experience the highest levels of stress (Estes et al. 2009; Ooi et al. 2016; Seymour et al. 2013) and have reported higher levels of depression (Olsson and Hwang 2001; Willis et al.”
BackgroundResult
The effect of early autism intervention on parental sense of efficacy in a randomized trial depends on the initial level of parent stress
Estes, A. M., Yoder, P. J., McEachin, J. J., Hellemann, G., MUNSON, J. A., Greenson, J., Rocha, M., Gardner, E., & Rogers, S. J. (2021) · Autism · doi:10.1177/13623613211005613 · Cited by 32
“We know parents of young children with ASD as a group have higher levels of stress (Estes et al., 2009, 2013), but does the initial level of parent stress moderate the effects of intervention intensity and style on parent sense of efficacy?”
BackgroundMethod
Informing Developmental Milestone Achievement for Children With Autism: Machine Learning Approach
Haque, M. M., Rabbani, M., Dipal, D. D., Zarif, M., Iqbal, A., Schwichtenberg, A., Bansal, N., Soron, T., Ahmed, S. I., & Ahamed, S. (2021) · JMIR Medical Informatics · doi:10.2196/29242 · Cited by 24
“This parental stress and psychological stress definitely impact the mental development of children with ASD, especially “daily living skills” [46-48].”
Background
Mothers' appreciation of chromosomal microarray analysis for autism spectrum disorder
Giarelli, E., & Reiff, M. (2015) · Journal for Specialists in Pediatric Nursing · doi:10.1111/jspn.12121 · Cited by 29
The Stress of Parenting Children with Developmental Disabilities
Neece, C. L., & Chan, N. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-55376-4_5 · Cited by 28
Do Psychological Characteristics of Mothers Predict Parenting Stress? A Cross-Sectional Study among Mothers of Children with Different Disabilities
Najmi, B., Heidari, Z., Feizi, A., Hovsepian, S., Momeni, F., & Azhar, S. M. M. (2017) · Archives of Psychiatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.apnu.2017.12.004 · Cited by 27
Family impact of childhood neurodevelopmental disability: considering adaptive and maladaptive behaviour
Gardiner, E., Miller, A. R., & Lach, L. (2018) · Journal of Intellectual Disability Research · doi:10.1111/jir.12547 · Cited by 28
The impact of maternal, child, and family characteristics on the daily well-being and parenting experiences of mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder
Pruitt, M. M., Willis, K. D., Timmons, L., & Ekas, N. V. (2016) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361315620409 · Cited by 38
“Parents of a child with ASD are at an elevated risk for experiencing increased depressive symptoms and negative affect (Ekas and Whitman, 2011; Estes et al., 2009).”
Background
Stress and quality of life in parents of children with phenylketonuria.
Irannejad, F., Dehghan, M., & Rabori, R. M. (2018) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing · doi:10.1111/jcap.12207 · Cited by 24
Backing the backbones—A feasibility study on the effectiveness of dance movement psychotherapy on parenting stress in caregivers of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Aithal, S., Karkou, V., Kuppusamy, G., & Pushpavathi, M. (2019) · The Arts in Psychotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.aip.2019.04.003 · Cited by 30
Mental health outcomes among parents of a child who has a developmental disability: Comparing different types of developmental disability
Marquis, S., McGrail, K. M., & Hayes, M. V. (2019) · Disability and health journal · doi:10.1016/j.dhjo.2019.100874 · Cited by 30
Parent-child interaction during the first year of life in infants at elevated likelihood of autism spectrum disorder
Pijl, M., Bontinck, C., Rommelse, N. N. J., Ali, J. B., Cauvet, É., Niedźwiecka, A., Falck‐Ytter, T., Jones, E. J. H., van den Boomen, C., Bölte, S., et al. (2020) · Infant Behavior and Development · doi:10.1016/j.infbeh.2020.101521 · Cited by 33
Examining the Mediating Role of Mindful Parenting: A Study on the Relationship Between Parental Emotion Regulation Difficulties and Problem Behaviors of Children with ASD
Aydın, A. (2022) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-022-05455-9 · Cited by 37
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and/or vitamin D in autism spectrum disorders: a systematic review
Jiang, Y., Dang, W., Hong, N., Kong, X., Jiang, Z., & Guo, J. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1238973 · Cited by 30
Health Utility Assessment Using EQ-5D among Caregivers of Children with Autism
Khanna, R., Jariwala, K., & Bentley, J. P. (2013) · Value in Health · doi:10.1016/j.jval.2013.04.007 · Cited by 28
Parenting Strategies Used by Parents of Children with ASD: Differential Links with Child Problem Behaviour
O’Nions, E., Ceulemans, E., Happe, F. G. E., Benson, P. R., Evers, K., & Noens, I. L. J. (2019) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-019-04219-2 · Cited by 26
Multisystemic T herapy for D isruptive B ehavior P roblems in Y ouths W ith A utism S pectrum D isorders: A P rogress R eport
Wagner, D. V., Borduin, C. M., Kanne, S. M., Mazurek, M. O., Farmer, J. E., & BROWN, R. M. A. (2013) · Journal of Marital and Family Therapy · doi:10.1111/jmft.12012 · Cited by 28
Parenting Stress and Sensory Processing: Children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders
Jirikowic, T., Olson, H. C., & Astley, S. J. (2012) · OTJR Occupational Therapy Journal of Research · doi:10.3928/15394492-20120203-01 · Cited by 26
“It is well established that caregivers raising children with many types of neurodevelopmental disabilities report elevated levels of parenting stress (Estes et al., 2009; Hauser-Cram et al., 2001; Johnston et al., 2003; Webster, Majnemer, Platt, & Shevell, 2008).”
Background
Socioemotional Consequences of Illness and Disability
Crnic, K. A., & Neece, C. L. (2015) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118963418.childpsy308 · Cited by 27
Impact of multiple co-occurring emotional and behavioural conditions on children with autism and their families
Dovgan, K., & Mazurek, M. O. (2019) · Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities · doi:10.1111/jar.12590 · Cited by 24
A Comprehensive Literature Review of Randomized Controlled Trials for Parents of Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Dababnah, S., & Parish, S. (2016) · Journal of Evidence-Informed Social Work · doi:10.1080/23761407.2015.1052909 · Cited by 24
“Furthermore, parenting stress and psychological distress are higher among mothers of preschool children with ASD compared with mothers of children with other developmental disabilities (Estes et al., 2009).”
Background
Depression in Youth With Autism Spectrum Disorder: The Role Of ASD Vulnerabilities and Family–Environmental Stressors
Fung, S., Lunsky, Y., & Weiss, J. A. (2015) · Journal of Mental Health Research in Intellectual Disabilities · doi:10.1080/19315864.2015.1017892 · Cited by 25
Head Impact Severity Measures for Small Social Robots Thrown During Meltdown in Autism
Alhaddad, A. Y., Cabibihan, J., & Bonarini, A. (2018) · International Journal of Social Robotics · doi:10.1007/s12369-018-0494-3 · Cited by 25
Impact of child factors on parenting stress of mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability: a UK school-based study
Tsermentseli, S. K., & Kouklari, E.-C. (2019) · Early Child Development and Care · doi:10.1080/03004430.2019.1658090 · Cited by 31
“Consistent with prior research (Beck, Hastings, Daley, & Stevenson, 2004; Estes et al., 2009; Lecavalier et al., 2006) and our hypothesis, adaptive skills were not associated with parenting stress confirming that mothers appear to be resilient to the additional responsibilities that decreased…”
BackgroundResultInfluential
Caregiver Burden among Parents of Hearing Impaired and Intellectually Disabled Children in Pakistan
Imran Haider, S. Y. E. D., Awan, W. A., & Syeda, U. B. (2020) · Iranian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.18502/ijph.v49i2.3087 · Cited by 27
“Parents who had child with profound level of disability were highly stressed and had high level of burden than those parents who had child with other ranges of severity levels (37).”
Background
Heart Rate as a Predictor of Challenging Behaviours among Children with Autism from Wearable Sensors in Social Robot Interactions
Alban, A. Q., Alhaddad, A. Y., Al-Ali, A. K., So, W., Connor, O., Ayesh, M., Qidwai, U. A., & Cabibihan, J. (2023) · Robotics · doi:10.3390/robotics12020055 · Cited by 31
Validating the Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire as a Measure of Parent Perceptions of Autism Spectrum Disorder
Mire, S. S., Tolar, T. D., Brewton, C. M., Raff, N. S., & McKee, S. L. (2017) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-017-3442-4 · Cited by 27
Social Determinants of Health Associated with Mental Health Among U.S. Mothers with Children Aged 0–5 Years
Linares, D. E., Azuine, R. E., & Singh, G. K. (2020) · Journal of Women s Health · doi:10.1089/jwh.2019.8111 · Cited by 25
Play with online virtual pets as a method to improve mirror neuron and real world functioning in autistic children
Altschuler, E. L. (2007) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2007.07.030 · Cited by 25
Use of Promotoras de Salud in Interventions with Latino Families of Children with IDD
Magaña, S., Lopez, K., de Sayu, R. P., & Miranda, E. (2014) · International review of research in developmental disabilities · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-800278-0.00002-6 · Cited by 25
Assessment of Caregiver Inventory for Rett Syndrome
Lane, J. B., Salter, A. R., Jones, N. E., Cutter, G., Horrigan, J. P., Skinner, S. A., Kaufmann, W. E., Glaze, D. G., Neul, J. L., & Percy, A. K. (2017) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-017-3034-3 · Cited by 25
“In other studies, caregivers of individuals with ASD have been observed to experience higher levels of caregiver burden, stress, health and psychological impairment than caregivers of individuals with ADHD, or general developmental delay or behavioral impairment (Estes et al. 2009; Cadman et al. 2012; Kirby et al. 201…”
Relación entre estrés y malestar psicológico de los padres y problemas emocionales y conductuales en niños preescolares con trastorno del espectro autista
Romero-González, M., Marín, E., Parra, J. G., Navas, P., Aguilar, J. M., Lara, J. P., & Barbancho, M. Á. (2020) · Anales de Pediatría · doi:10.1016/j.anpedi.2020.03.012 · Cited by 24
“De cualquier manera, la mayoría de estudios son transversales y la dirección del efecto no es clara. int-electuales y discapacidad física 19 ; el incremento en las 20 fenó-menos separados pero relacionados, tendiendo cada uno de ellos a incrementar la vulnerabilidad del otro .”
Background
Parental perspectives of functioning in their children with autism spectrum disorder: A global scoping review
Viljoen, M., Mahdi, S., Shelly, J., & de Vries, P. J. (2020) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361320950055 · Cited by 26
“…determinants of parental stress and quality of life (Azad et al., 2013; Baker-Ericzén et al., 2005; Chiang & Wineman, 2014; Coonrod & Stone, 2004; Estes et al., 2009; Ikeda et al., 2014; Tomanik et al., 2004), we wanted to investigate parents’ views on the functional challenges and/or strengths…”
Background
First port of call: facing the parents of autism spectrum disorder
Fewster, D. L., & Gurayah, T. (2015) · South African Family Practice · doi:10.1080/20786190.2014.995917 · Cited by 24
The Development of a Self-Efficacy Measurement Tool For Counseling in Speech-Language Pathology
Victorino, K. R., & Hinkle, M. S. (2018) · American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology · doi:10.1044/2018_ajslp-18-0012 · Cited by 24

Authors: Estes, A., Munson, J., Dawson, G., Koehler, E., Zhou, X.-H., & Abbott, R.
Affiliations: University of Washington (US)
University of Washington, USA
Corresponding author: Estes, Annette
ORCID: Estes, Annette
Munson, Jeffrey
Zhou, Xiao-Hua
Venue: Autism
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2009-06-17
Volume: 13
Issue: 4
Pages: 375-387
ISSN: 1362-3613 (ISSN-L)
1461-7005
DOI: 10.1177/1362361309105658
PMC: PMC2965631
OpenAlex: W2165770244
Cited by: 865
References: 28
Citations by year: 2026: 40 · 2025: 43 · 2024: 61 · 2023: 57 · 2022: 48 · 2021: 70 · 2020: 62 · 2019: 70 · 2018: 59 · 2017: 63 · 2016: 57 · 2015: 62 · 2014: 50 · 2013: 54 · 2012: 27
FWCI: 24.12
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Autism (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health
National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (P50HD055782, U19HD035482, U19HD34565, U19HD035468, U19HD035465)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Family and Disability Support Research
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
Keywords: parental stress, maternal distress, autism spectrum disorder, developmental delay, preschool children, child behavior problems, daily living skills, mothers of children with developmental disabilities, parenting support
MeSH terms: Activities of Daily Living, Adaptation, Psychological, Adult, Autistic Disorder, Child Behavior Disorders, Developmental Disabilities, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Male, Mothers, Parent-Child Relations, Personality Inventory, Surveys and Questionnaires, Stress, Psychological, Comorbidity, Parenting

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Parenting stress and psychological functioning among mothers of preschool children with autism and developmental delay

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks