Cited by 199EFL/ESL Teaching and LearningCommunication in Education and HealthcareSecond Language Acquisition and Learning

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The effect of multilingualism, sociobiographical, and situational factors on communicative anxiety and foreign language anxiety of mature language learners

Dewaele, Jean-Marc·2007·International Journal of Bilingualism

DOI 10.1177/13670069070110040301

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Abstract

The present study focuses on individual differences in levels of communicative anxiety (CA) and foreign language anxiety (FLA) in the first (L1), second (L2), third (L3) and fourth (L4) language of 106 adult language learners. Data were collected about CA/FLA levels when speaking with friends, with strangers, and speaking in public. The analyses revealed that multilinguals do experience more CA in stressful situations in their L1, but that levels of FLA are higher in languages learnt later in life. The knowledge of more languages was linked to lower levels of FLA in the L2. Female participants were only found to experience higher levels of CA in L1 public speech. Older participants tended to report higher levels of CA/FLA across languages. Rank orders for CA/FLA were significantly similar across the L1, L2, L3, and L4, which suggests that levels of CA/FLA are relatively stable and could be linked to a lower order personality trait such as emotional intelligence.

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Authors: Dewaele, J.-M.
Affiliations: Birkbeck, University of London (GB)
Corresponding author: Dewaele, Jean-Marc
ORCID: Dewaele, Jean-Marc
Venue: International Journal of Bilingualism
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2007-12
Volume: 11
Issue: 4
Pages: 391-409
ISSN: 1367-0069 (ISSN-L)
1756-6878
DOI: 10.1177/13670069070110040301
OpenAlex: W2035901651
Cited by: 199
References: 62
Citations by year: 2026: 10 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 11
FWCI: 14.41
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: International Journal of Bilingualism (publishedVersion)
BIROn (Birkbeck, University of London) (acceptedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Language and Linguistics › EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Communication in Education and Healthcare
Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Second Language Acquisition and Learning
Keywords: communication apprehension, foreign language anxiety, multilingualism, adult language learners, individual differences, situational factors, language order, emotional intelligence, public speaking anxiety, gender differences, age differences

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The effect of multilingualism, sociobiographical, and situational factors on communicative anxiety and foreign language anxiety of mature language learners

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