Consumption and Theories of Practice

“…such as meanings, materials, and skills (Shove et al., 2012), or in another interpretation by understandings, procedures, and forms of engagements (Warde, 2005), or for yet another, bodily elements – including cognitive processes, emotions, and physical dispositions; as well as material elements…”

“They are furthermore shaped by social contexts, such as norms, opinions amongst friends and socially ‘established understandings of what courses of action are not inappropriate’ (Warde 2005, p. 140).”

“Social practice theory has been widely employed in consumption research, as discussed by Warde (2005, 2014) and others.”

“Ontological and epistemological ambiguities of the practice-based approach Different ways of understanding the concept of practices can be found in, among others, Warde (2005), T. R. Schatzki (2002), and Strengers (2010).”

“…consumption, e.g. electric cars, energy-efficient light bulbs, etc. Behaviour(s), along with the attitudes and values which are argued to shape them have been explained by researchers employing rational choice models, in which the dominant view of human nature is homo economicus (Warde, 2005).”

“…consumption practices, particularly those referencing intoxication from excessive consumption (Emslie et al., 2012; Thurnell-Read, 2013), have started to show that there are multiple ways of doing alcohol practice-as-performance, because understandings, values, and enactments differ (Warde, 2005).”

“, 2010), there is also a growing recognition of the importance of discursive interaction in the constitution of practice (Keller & Halkier, 2014; Warde, 2005), and exploring participant discursive reflection about”

“In applying their own label to unbranded clothing and footwear sourced legally from wholesalers in Badalona, manteros obtain materials through existing GPNs, but then give them new meanings, values and identities (Crang et al., 2003; Warde, 2005).”

“Warde (2005) argues that practices comprise either a temporally unfolding and spatially dispersed nexus of behaviours that includes practical activities, performances, and representations, or talk during which the body is central.”

“If the relationship is based on sharing, practices have identical status and share some material arrangements, competences, or common meanings, interpreted as boundary elements (Warde 2005).”

“…(e.g., Chan 2010; Peterson 2005; van Eijck 2001), while others suggest that it merely demonstrates the evolution of cultural domination within the general logic of Bourdieu’s framework (Bennett et al. 2009; Coulangeon and Duval 2015; Holt 1997; Lena 2019; Lizardo and Skiles 2016; Warde 2005).”

“ously used for understanding food consumption [54].”

“Though “ [t]heories of practice are very heterogeneous ” (Warde, 2005: 132), there is a shared understanding that neither society ‘at large’ (homo sociologicus) nor individual actors (homo economicus) should form the subject of study (Giddens, 1987; Schatzki, 1996, 2002; Warde, 2005; Shove et al.,…”

“…foundations of today’s practice theory; accordingly, the second generation of influential theorists (Ortner, 1984; Reckwitz, 2002; Schatzki, 1996, 2001, 2002; Warde, 2005) have applied the practice theory to various new areas or examined previous practice theories and made new extensions upon it.”

“Social theories of practice and time (Lefebvre, 2004; Shove et al., 2012; Warde, 2005, 2014) are drawn on to explore how healthy eating and physical activity are supported or disrupted by the politics of time (Clancy, 2014).”

“In summary, the organized actions that constitute a practice convey similar understandings, adhere to the same rules, and pursue acceptable ends (Schatzki, 2003, p. 192; 2005, p. 472).”

“By shifting the focus from behaviours to practices, theories of social practices “provides some new insights into how consumption is organized and how it might best be analysed” [50] (p.”

“Practices are a theoretical construct, so cannot be ‘seen’ (Warde, 2005).”

“Individuals are carriers of practices in the form of bodily behaviour and routinized ways of understanding, knowing how and desiring (Warde, 2005).”

“Several researchers suggest advanced practice theories as useful for understanding various forms of consumption and changes toward more sustainable consumption (Spaargaren 2003; Warde 2005; Hargreaves 2011).”

“PT, on the other hand, emphasizes the role of social practices in shaping individuals' practices and perceptions [72].”

“Social practice theory (SPT) (Røpke, 2009; Shove, 2004; Warde, 2005, 2017) was created to examine the broader context of practices that shape and sustain everyday habitual behaviour and the underlying factors that support them.”

“It is possible to interpret the participation and the motivation of engaging in the CSA as a reaction to processes of globalization, commodification and aestheticization of food (Warde 2005).”

“Warde (2005) argues that the consumption practices of different products relate to how the practice is organized within and between groups, including the conventions that govern that practice (p. 137).”

“…according to Akaka et al., 2022, practice theory includes the way social practices, working as links of understanding, action, and speech (Schatzki, 1996), are reproduced, stabilized, adapted, and embedded in a collection of fragmentary ideas (Reckwitz, 2002; Warde, 2005; Shove et al., 2012).”

“It is by nature social (Reckwitz, 2002) even if performed in isolation or with differences based on context (Warde, 2005).”

“A focus on practices, as routinized behavior, pays attention to both the collective coordination and the performance of the practice – that is, the underlying factors through which the practice becomes recognizable and meaningful for the performers (Reckwitz 2002; Warde 2005).”

“Elements and co-evolution between elements can uncover actor agency and changes in practices [46,50,55,56].”

“…and researchers on practices and consumption have interpreted and grouped these elements slightly differently (Gram-Hanssen 2011; Reckwitz 2002; Warde 2005), the outline by Darnton et al. (2011) is adopted in this paper to identify areas for policy implications and the design of new…”

“Most consumption occurs not for its own sake, but within and because of practices like eating, cleaning or transport et cetera (Warde, 2005: 145; Mylan and Southerton, 2018).”

“Warde [41] uses the four elements of understandings, procedures, engagements and items of consumption.”

“Theories of practice are elaborated in heterogeneous ways (Røpke 2009; Warde 2005; Schatzki 1996), and have proven to be particularly useful to study everyday life.”

“They rarely understand their behavior as a "consumer" (Warde, 2005).”

“However, material possessions, meanings and know-how are not equally distributed in society and therefore practice changes also vary among households according to, for example, differences in financial situations (Gram-Hanssen 2021; Warde 2005).”

“When explaining their gaming, the young people clearly described how gaming was, more often than not, a practice that competed with other practices and that gaming provides them with “ internal and external bene fi ts ” (Warde, 2005, p. 147).”

“In this sense, it is ‘the practices’, rather than ‘individual desires’, that ‘create wants’ (Warde, 2005, p. 137), cosmopolitan orientation included.”

“By using round forms and circular flows in the figure, we want to convey how family and business sites have meshed into an overall practice-arrangement bundle in constant flux with no separate entities (Schatzki 2002, 2005).”

“Indeed, not only are omnivores open to a wide variety of cultural genres (Peterson and Kern, 1996; Warde, 2005), but their openness to cultural diversity encourages them to search for novel artistic experiences as antidotes to experiential standardization and homologation (Ollivier, 2008; Kov´acs…”

“…to studies focused on disposable packaging as a key component of selling and buying, a second strand of the literature holds that consumption is ‘ not itself a practice but is rather a moment in almost every practice ’ (Warde, 2005, p. 137) and therefore is not limited to the act of shopping.”

“Category-building process: Based on the theory of practice (see Reckwitz, 2002; Warde, 2005) and drawing from Halkier (2009), who applied the theory of practice empirically, we used activities, understandings, procedures, and engagements as the basic category framework, which we applied to both the…”

“In this view, the limited uptake of reflexive evaluation approaches is not seen as the result of individuals’ intentions or beliefs being hampered by contextual barriers, but as a manifestation of institutionalized social practices (Warde, 2005).”

“So, practices can have “careers” (Warde, 2005).”

“The article advocates an approach that supplements attention to the mundane with STS literature on practices (e.g., Knorr-Cetina 2005; Pickering 1995), philosophical writings (Reckwitz 2002; Schatzki 2002), and studies of consumption (e.g., Warde 2005).”

“This concentration reflects an ongoing theoretical debate between models of deliberate rationality [35] and practice theories [81] that emphasize unconscious routines.”

“As a result, farmers have reported significant increases in yields and reductions in input costs [43] .”

“Although there are different conceptualizations of how to define practices, they are commonly understood as collections of doings and sayings that are linked and organized by certain elements, such as understandings, engagements and procedures (Warde 2005).”

“Although various models of practice elements exist (Reckwitz, 2002; Shove et al., 2012; Warde, 2005), we understand practices as activities that consist of ‘ elements such as material setup, bodily skills and routines, teleoaffective structures, rules, and cultural understandings ’ (Woermann and…”

“, values and attitudes), with SPT, these qualities are part of a practice, and the individual is merely the carrier of that practice (Shove et al., 2012; Warde, 2005).”

“…broaden out the scope of sustainability (e.g., [20, 47]) which has led a line of research that focuses on designing beyond the individual [12, 42] by e.g. adopting social practice theory [53, 55, 62] and using it for designing interactive systems for sustainable practices (e.g., [4, 31, 36, 48]).”

“…accounts, these ‘embodied elements’ of practices have also been described as personal trajectories within practices (or practice careers) (Backhaus et al., 2015; Warde, 2005), practice memories (Maller & Strengers, 2013; Strengers & Maller, 2017) and as embodied practices (Hansen, 2018).”

“Therefore, they are contributing to the synchronization (13, 35, 36) and “orchestration” (23, 33, 37) of the food practices.”

“In this line, obesity is explained through the uneven distribution of practices that prevent obesity (Maller, 2016), like physical activity (PA) and healthy eating practices, because there is an uneven distribution of the elements necessary for their enactment (Blue et al., 2016; Warde, 2005).”

“It is ‘the conventions and the standards of practice [which] steer behaviour’ and so practices ‘rather than individual desires . . . create wants’ (Warde, 2005: 137).”

“Furthermore, it is useful to make a conceptual distinction between a practice-as-entity and a practice-as-performance (Warde 2005).”

“With these particularities, the re-introduction of habitus may help to clarify the diachronic procedure and its present dynamics (Bourdieu, 1977 [1972], Warde, 2005).”