Consumption and Theories of Practice

“Recognisingthatwhatpeopledoinmanaging wasteinapartmentsislargely embodiedandunre fl ectivepractice,itfollowsthatsocialpractice theory provides a useful means to observe the elements and relationships with other practices and materials 27 .”

“Other studies combined the work of Warde (2005), who is well known in the field of consump­ tion, with the work of other practice theorists including Reckwitz (2002) and Halkier et al. (2011).”

“Social practice theories have gained increased recognition during the last decades as a framework for sustainability research and policy (Shove et al., 2012; Spaargaren, 2011; Warde, 2005).”

“Some models and theories include the Theory of Cognitive Dissonance [21], the Theory of Planned Behaviour [22], and the Social Practice Theory (SPT) [23].”

“…amongst other considerations, their digital literacy, the norms and rules dictated by the government, the municipality and school management, and by a constant negotiation between the tools the platform offers and the teachers understanding of how a given practice is best performed (Warde 2005).”

“We draw on a practice theoretical approach (Shove et al., 2012; Warde, 2005), and in accordance with our research question we focus on two analytical dimensions: 1) The practicalities of daily food activities, and 2) Interpersonal communication about animal product limiting.”

“Social practice theory emphasises the nature of everyday life as a social entity of structure and agency (Warde 2005; Halkier et al. 2011).”

“As Warde [10] states: “Performance in a familiar practice is often neither fully conscious nor reflective” (p.”

“That is, the behaviors that are related to it (Warde, 2005).”

“to facilitate social practices (for example, cooking, watching TV or conducting meetings) [75].”

“Conditions of procurement have been less scrutinized within recent literature on the sociology of consumption, especially since a shift towards practice approaches and the appropriation of goods in everyday practices (Warde, 2005).”

“However, engagement is not understood here as an individual matter, performed by the subject, but rather engagement is performed as a part of mundane activities (Warde, 2005).”

“…is habitual behaviour influenced by physical infrastructure, the sub-conscious and other non-rational factors: ‘It is the fact of engagement in the practice, rather than any personal decision about a course of conduct, that explains the nature and process of consumption’ (Warde, 2005, p. 138).”

“According to this theory, environmental behaviors are not attributed to individuals’ awareness/knowledge and attitudes but to their social practices (Warde, 2005): “the routine accomplishment of what people take to be normal ways of life” (Shove, 2004, p. 117).”

“Por exemplo, para analisar a cultura como rede distributiva, vem se fazendo o uso da Assemblege Theory, cuja concepção aborda conceitos da teoria ator rede (Latour, 2005) e Teoria da Prática (Warde, 2005).”

“First, the analytical unit is practices and ways of practicing (performances) (Warde, 2005).”

“Each individual ’ s enactment of practice incorporates variations — what Warde (2005) describes as the “ seeds of change" — since practices are continually enacted and reconfigured through individual interpretations and adaptations.”

“Practice as ‘entity’ keeps together the set of consumption activities through the components of material, meaning and competence, while practice as ‘per-formance’ refers to the actual performance of the doings and sayings, thus realising the entity (Røpke, 2009; Warde, 2005).”

“It therefore allows to overcome the opposing ideas of homo economicus and homo sociologicus as outlined by some important contribution to practice theories (Shove et al., 2012; Warde, 2005).”

“This highlights how electricity is consumed for services and practices, not for its own sake (Shove & Walker, 2014; Warde, 2005).”

“Further, social practices differ depending on the context and can appear differently depending on location, culture, and regulation (Hargreaves 2011; Shove 2010; Shove, Pantzar, and Watson 2012; Warde 2005), e.g. rural versus urban farming.”

“Procedures refer to rules, socially recognized norms and sanctions shared by a given community (Warde, 2005).”

“These techniques are essential for translating conceptual ideas into physical realities and are often inspired from “other adjacent and parallel practices, from which lessons are learned, innovations bor-rowed, procedures copied” [6, 51].”

“…physical entities), doings (skills, techniques, competences, and know-how), and meanings (symbols, ideas, and understandings); meanings are sometimes also referred to as understandings, procedures, and engagements (Dolbec, Arsel, and Aboelenien 2022; Schau et al. 2009; Schatzki 2001; Warde 2005).”

“This has led to the development of the practice theoretical approach, which draws on classical theories of social practices (e.g., Giddens 1984) tailored for empirical research on consumption (e.g., Warde, 2005).”

“Similar to lifestyles, social practices turn attention away from the individual and their intentions and motives towards the routinised ways people carry out their daily lives (Warde 2005).”

“While the food-health decision-making nexus makes a relational argument, it is also informed by concepts like motivated reasoning as well as through research about how social network diversity shapes discourses and prac - tices (Warde 2005).”

“Furthermore, Warde emphasizes [57] understanding , procedures , and engagements in his approach.”

“Practice approaches locate social activity between the individual and the collective: practices are integrated in a context of social conventions and conditions with individuals being the carrier of practices (Warde 2005).”

“Meanings explain how/if businesses understand the need to act on a specific problem (Warde, 2005), such as environmental degradation.”

“Sociologists of (food) consumption have contested the individualising focus on choice by emphasising that consumption is often inconspicuously embedded in routinised practices (Warde 2005, 2016; Halkier 2010; Spurling et al.”

“They are used to describe how practices are interconnected in social worlds through relationships (Reckwitz, 2002a; Warde, 2005).”

“The common basis of contemporary practice theory is the notion that practices (such as cooking, shopping or cleaning) are both socially recognized entities and spatially and temporally carried out performances (e.g., Shove, Pantzar, and Watson 2012; Warde 2005).”

“Instead of seeing mode choice mainly as a derived demand, it is viewed as a routinized type of behavior developed over time, linked with certain types of meaning, skills and technologies (Reckwitz, 2002; Shove, 2010; Warde, 2005).”

“Routinisation also means that performance in a familiar practice is often neither fully conscious nor reflective [35].”

“Different authors, such as Andreas Reckwitz (2002), Theodore Schatzki (1996; 2002), Elizabeth Shove (Shove, Pantzar & Watson, 2012; Shove & Trentmann, 2019) and Alan Warde (2005), offer different ways of thinking about social phenomena as expressions of practices in action.”

“Since the classical social practice theories of Anthony Giddens [31] and Pierre Bourdieu [32], the approach has been refined in several studies [33,34].”

“Practices are defined as the routinized ways in which bodies are moved, objects are handled, and the world is understood in different fields of everyday life (Reckwitz 2002; Warde 2005).”

“Practice theorists (Warde 2005; Stillerman 2015) approach consumption as an emergent outcome of routines and peoples’ involvement with their physical and technical structures.”

“This focus on contextual factors accords with Social Practice Theory which highlights the importance of understanding drinking as a social practice which is interlinked and related to beliefs, values and other behaviors (Warde 2005).”

“Similar to Bartiaux et al. (2014), we chose to focus on the practice-theoretical elements of procedures, understandings, and engagements (Warde, 2005) as well as social interaction, materials, and non-human entities, to enable the emergence of both elements of practices and the non-humans…”

“Practices are both an entity and a performance in that, when the elements of a practice (the entity) are integrated in moments of performance, the practice becomes recognizable and shared by others (Warde 2005).”

“This diversity can be attributed not only to the multiplicity of geographic, socio-economic, and ecological backgrounds (Iles et al. 2020 ) but also to the differences in interest and motivation among practitioners (Warde 2005).”

“In such studies it may be fruitful to consider the level of commitment, coaches ’ capacities including new and old generations of coaches, or cultural traditions (see Warde, 2005 on suggested dimensions to explore in analyses of practices).”

“Findings from the reorganization of themes under a social practice framework are presented with social practice as the unit of analysis and where the performance presupposes the integration of the elements that make up the practice (Warde 2005).”

“Practice theories have been widely used in the field of food consumption (e.g. Warde 2005; Evans et al. 2012; Neuman 2019) and many other types of consumption, such as energy (Greene and Fahy 2020) and water (Pullinger et al. 2013).”

“In this study, I departed from an understanding of consumption as embedded in ordinary everyday practices (Warde, 2005), which hold potential to contribute to both stability and change (Pink, 2012).”

“…2017) i nawet więcej tekstów, w których wykorzystywano teorie praktyk jako ramy do analizy rozmaitych obszarów życia społecznego, np.: konsumpcji (Warde 2005; Shove, Trentmann i Wilk 2009); mediów i praktyk związanych z korzystaniem z mediów (Bräuchler i Postill 2010); użytkowania energii w…”

“Practices change and continuously evolve because the actors that perform them adapt to ever changing circumstances, therefore they contain ‘the seeds of constant change’ (Warde, 2005: 141).”

“The contemporary practice theories (Reckwitz, 2002; Schatzki, 1996), sometimes known as the ‘second generation’ of practice theories, have been widely used in sociological research on food consumption (Shove et al., 2012; Southerton & Yates, 2014; Warde, 2005).”

“Practices are the locus of social deeds, the place where social phenomena occur contextualized by historical, social, and cultural factors (Reckwitz 2002; Warde 2005; Domaneschi 2012).”

“Social practice theories recognize the role of the built environment in shaping and constraining household practice choices (Warde, 2005).”

“This does not, however, reduce individuals to submissive dupes, bound to the dictates of practice, but instead it is possible to conceive of people as skilled agents who actively negotiate and perform a wide range of practices in the normal course of everyday life (Warde, 2005).”

“A prática, como afirma Warde (2005), requer o consumo de determinados bens e serviços – neste caso, a aquisição da assinatura ou a obtenção da senha de alguém permite que o usuário tenha acesso à plataforma e usufrua das suas possibilidades– e, a partir disso, esse processo viabiliza outras…”