Cited by 390Innovative Teaching and Learning MethodsProblem and Project Based LearningProblem Solving Skills Development

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Advancing the Science of Collaborative Problem Solving

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Graesser, Arthur C., Fiore, Stephen M., Greiff, Samuel, Andrews-Todd, Jessica, Foltz, Peter W., Hesse, Friedrich W.·2018·Psychological Science in the Public Interest

DOI 10.1177/1529100618808244

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Abstract

Collaborative problem solving (CPS) has been receiving increasing international attention because much of the complex work in the modern world is performed by teams. However, systematic education and training on CPS is lacking for those entering and participating in the workforce. In 2015, the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), a global test of educational progress, documented the low levels of proficiency in CPS. This result not only underscores a significant societal need but also presents an important opportunity for psychological scientists to develop, adopt, and implement theory and empirical research on CPS and to work with educators and policy experts to improve training in CPS. This article offers some directions for psychological science to participate in the growing attention to CPS throughout the world. First, it identifies the existing theoretical frameworks and empirical research that focus on CPS. Second, it provides examples of how recent technologies can automate analyses of CPS processes and assessments so that substantially larger data sets can be analyzed and so students can receive immediate feedback on their CPS performance. Third, it identifies some challenges, debates, and uncertainties in creating an infrastructure for research, education, and training in CPS. CPS education and assessment are expected to improve when supported by larger data sets and theoretical frameworks that are informed by psychological science. This will require interdisciplinary efforts that include expertise in psychological science, education, assessment, intelligent digital technologies, and policy.

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“However, there is a lack of learning on how to approach this training in collaborative attitudes [35].”
Designing interactive engagement activities for entry to mechanical engineering programs
Shields, N., & Quince, Z. (2025) · International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Education · doi:10.1177/03064190251366790 · Cited by 1
“35,36 This intrinsic motivation, driven by enjoyment and exploration, is more vital than precision or correctness at this stage.”
A Multimodal Classroom Video Question-Answering Framework for Automated Understanding of Collaborative Learning
Sivakumaran, N., Yang, C.-Y., Zala, A., Yu, S., Hong, D., Zou, X., Stengel-Eskin, E., Carpenter, D., Min, W., Hmelo‐Silver, C. E., et al. (2025) · INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MULTIMODAL INTERACTION · doi:10.1145/3716553.3750795 · Cited by 2
“Collaborative problem-solving is a critical competency for 21st century students [2, 5, 6].”
Progress of peer collaborative problem solving and the role of teachers in STEM classes: a comparison of groups with high and low prior knowledge with epistemic network analysis
Chen, S., Lin, S. S. J., & Chen, Y. (2026) · Interactive Learning Environments · doi:10.1080/10494820.2025.2606830 · Cited by 1
Transformations in Learning and Social Relations in the Age of Artificial Intelligence
Alesanco, E. B., & Cuartas, R. S. (2026) · Advances in computational intelligence and robotics book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3373-4480-5.ch013 · Cited by 1
Context-aware prompting for collaborative problem solving skill identification
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Enhancing Equitable Access to Secondary Education in Malawi Using Generative AI : A Pilot Study on the Agriculture Subject
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“Our findings align with the learning gains and self-regulated behavior documented in decades of research on ITS showing that adaptive, feedback-driven tutoring can result in learning gains similar to those of human tutors (VanLehn 2011; Graesser et al. 2018).”
Towards a conceptualisation of collaborative decision-making within interprofessional collaborative practice: a concept analysis using scoping review methodology
Beckingsale, L., WILKINSON, T. J., & Anakin, M. (2026) · BMC Medical Education · doi:10.1186/s12909-026-09085-y · Cited by 1
“These definitions draw on work from the field of psychological science [37].”
Assessment of students’ collaborative problem-solving competence with the use of computer-simulated, scenario-based tasks: a systematic literature review
Eleftheriadou, S., Pampaka, M., Williams, J. S., & Cernat, A. (2026) · Assessment in Education Principles Policy and Practice · doi:10.1080/0969594x.2026.2635969 · Cited by 1
“Furthermore, the approach of replacing real humans with computer-simulated partners in the groups has been previously criticised for lacking authenticity and deviating from ecologically valid CPS activities (Graesser et al., 2018; Rosen, 2015; Scoular et al., 2017; Siddiq & Scherer, 2017).”
Influential
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Collaborative Dialogue Analysis for Productive Problem Solving
Kim, Y. J., Hong, D., Zou, X., Hmelo‐Silver, C. E., Min, W., Chaturvedi, S., & Lester, J. C. (2026) · International Conference on Learning Analytics and Knowledge (LAK) · doi:10.1145/3785022.3785065 · Cited by 1
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“Graesser and his colleagues argue thatcollaborative problem solving (CPS) requires a set of cognitive and social skills that aredifferent from traditional studies on an individual’s problem solving[11].”
Background
The impact of peer feedback on collaborative problem-solving skills in the online environment
KARADAĞ, Y., & Yalçın, S. (2023) · International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education · doi:10.21449/ijate.1290901 · Cited by 2
“…and improving the conceptual structure of CPS (Arıcı, 2019; Karakuş, 2020; Uzunosmanoğlu, 2013; Roschelle & Teasley, 1995; Barron, 2000; Rummel & Spada, 2005; Andrews-Todd et al., 2018; Molnár et al., 2021) as well as examining the influence of CPS on academic achievement (James & Johnston, 1996).”
A Methodology Aimed to Foster Collaboration Skills by using Educational Robotics
Demetroulis, E. A. (2023) · International Conference of the ACM Greek SIGCHI Chapter (CHIGreece) · doi:10.1145/3609987.3610013 · Cited by 1
“In parallel, Graesser et al. [5] stated “ . . . nearly in essence, we are at ground zero in terms of pedagogical approaches to improving CPS (Collaborative Problem Solving) skills”.”
Background
Exploring the relationship between functional diversity and growth in VC-backed new technology ventures
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Interacciones entre regulación metacognitiva social y representación del problema en el diseño de entornos virtuales de aprendizaje
Guerrero, J. C. S., Ortega, F. J. R., Ortiz, A. M. R., & Álzate, Ó. E. T. (2024) · Revista de Investigación Desarrollo e Innovación · doi:10.19053/uptc.20278306.v14.n2.2024.18157 · Cited by 1
VET leaders’ collaborative problem-solving skills: insights from a professionals’ master’s degree program
Trikoili, A., Georgiou, D., & Pittich, D. (2024) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2024.1483034 · Cited by 1
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“Another study took a broader look at collaborative skills and assessment, finding that many students and adults lack proficient collaborative problem-solving skills [10].”
Origami-based collaborative spatial problem-solving: Multimodal observational study
Popov, V., Li, Y., Du, H., Zhu, G., Myers, P. L., Ridgley, L. M., & Geary, D. C. (2025) · Thinking Skills and Creativity · doi:10.1016/j.tsc.2025.101920 · Cited by 1
SCHOOL PROBLEMS AND TEACHERS’ COLLABORATION: BEFORE A COLLABORATIVE PROBLEM SOLVING PROGRAM
Ataíde, A., Souto, I., & Pereira, A. (2019) · Education and new developments · doi:10.36315/2019v1end047 · Cited by 1
“It is a priority to train teachers in CPS and empower these educational leaders and changemakers (Fullan & Hargreaves, 1991; Graesser et al., 2018; IDEO & Riverdale Country School, 2012; Jardim & Pereira, 2016).”
Background
Effects of Task Design on Collaboration Patterns in an Online Task.
Andrews‐Todd, J., & Toscano, M. (2020) · Cited by 1
Self-citation
Dyadic Joint Visual Attention Interaction in Face-to-face Collaborative Problem-solving at K-12 Maths Education: A Multimodal Approach.
Yang, C.-W., Cukurova, M., & Porayska‐Pomsta, K. (2021) · UCL Discovery (University College London) · Cited by 1
Development of Scalable Assessment for Collaborative Problem-Solving
Rosen, Y., Stoeffler, K., Simmering, V. R., Hao, J., & von Davier, A. A. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-65291-3_28 · Cited by 1
Fostering Nursing Students' Critical Thinking and Problem Solving Skills in Online Discussion Forums
Luo, S. (2023) · Journal of Nursing Education · doi:10.3928/01484834-20230208-10 · Cited by 1
Networks of Coupled Oscillators and Social Network Structures of Teams
Huang, E. (2020) · eScholarship (California Digital Library) · Cited by 1
What is distinctive about educational leadership?
Robinson, V. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818630-5.05001-6 · Cited by 1
Students’ Proportional Reasoning Ability in Junior High School Using Collaborative Problem Solving
Nurhayati, N., & Kusumah, Y. S. (2020) · Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 7th Mathematics, Science, and Computer Science Education International Seminar, MSCEIS 2019, 12 October 2019, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia · doi:10.4108/eai.12-10-2019.2296522
Digital support for collaborative problem solving: problems and prospects development
Vysotskaya, E. V., Lobanova, A. D., Михайловна, У. И., & Yanishevskaya, M. A. (2020) · doi:10.18411/lj-11-2020-83
Auf dem Weg zu mehr Kollaboration: Kollaboratives Lernen als Ansatz der Lehrkräfteprofessionalisierung in der Grundbildung
Winther, E., Paeßens, J., Ma, B., Tröster, M., & Bowien-Jansen, B. (2021) · Zeitschrift für Weiterbildungsforschung · doi:10.1007/s40955-021-00195-2 · Cited by 2
“So gilt aus Sicht der (beruflichen) Weiterbildungsforschung u.a. die Kollaboration als eine wichtige Kompetenz für den Arbeitsmarkt (von Davier et al. 2017; Graesser et al. 2018; Hesse et al. 2015).”
Background

Authors: Graesser, A. C., Fiore, S. M., Greiff, S., Andrews-Todd, J., Foltz, P. W., & Hesse, F. W.
Affiliations: University of Memphis (US)
University of Central Florida (US)
University of Luxembourg (LU)
Educational Testing Service, Princeton, New Jersey
University of Colorado Boulder (US)
Leibniz-Institut für Wissensmedien (DE)
Corresponding author: Graesser, Arthur C.
ORCID: Graesser, Arthur C.
Fiore, Stephen M.
Greiff, Samuel
Foltz, Peter W.
Hesse, Friedrich W.
Venue: Psychological Science in the Public Interest
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2018-11
Volume: 19
Issue: 2
Pages: 59-92
ISSN: 1539-6053 (ISSN-L)
1529-1006
DOI: 10.1177/1529100618808244
OpenAlex: W2902754622
Semantic Scholar: 6b5206e860f258dc3d228eb498005371c19e809c
Cited by: 390
References: 160
Citations by year: 2026: 53 · 2025: 71 · 2024: 71 · 2023: 67 · 2022: 42 · 2021: 42 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 1
FWCI: 42.20
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
stars.library.ucf.edu
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Gothic.net (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Journal of International Crisis and Risk Communication Research (submittedVersion)
Open Repository and Bibliography (University of Luxembourg) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods
Social Sciences › Education › Problem and Project Based Learning
Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Problem Solving Skills Development
Keywords: collaborative problem solving, teamwork, PISA, interdisciplinary research, employee training
MeSH terms: Cooperative Behavior, Education, Group Processes, Humans, Models, Psychological, Problem Solving

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Advancing the Science of Collaborative Problem Solving

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