Cited by 128Dementia and Cognitive Impairment ResearchAlzheimer's disease research and treatmentsAdvanced MRI Techniques and Applications

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Brain Glutamate Levels Are Decreased in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study

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Fayed, Nicolas, Modrego, Pedro J., Rojas-Salinas, Guillermo, Aguilar, Keyla·2011·American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease & Other Dementias®

DOI 10.1177/1533317511421780PMC PMC10845671

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Abstract

Glutamate (Glu) is the most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS) and is involved in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in which there is an increased excitotoxicity. Biochemical composition of living tissues including the levels of Glu was analyzed by magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Previous reports point to decreased levels of Glu in AD. As Glu plays an important role in memory, we hypothesize that Glu levels are decreased in patients with AD when compared with controls. A consecutive sample of 30 patients with mild-to-moderate AD underwent H-MRS with the voxel placed in the bilateral posterior cingulate gyrus. For comparison purposes, we carried out the same technique in 68 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and in 26 controls. The healthy controls had higher metabolite levels of N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA) than patients with MCI and AD. In turn, patients with MCI and the controls had higher levels of Glu than in patients with AD. The differences were significant in the analysis of variance (ANOVA) test model corrected for age. In the post hoc analysis, the most remarkable differences were seen between patients with AD and the rest (patients with MCI and the controls). In AD, the levels of Glu and NAA are decreased in comparison with MCI and normality, which reflects loss of neurons.

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Authors: Fayed, N., Modrego, P. J., Rojas-Salinas, G., & Aguilar, K.
Affiliations: Department of Radiology, Clinica Quirón, Zaragoza, Spain
Corresponding author: Modrego, Pedro J.
ORCID: Modrego, Pedro J.
Venue: American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease & Other Dementias®
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2011-09
Volume: 26
Issue: 6
Pages: 450-456
ISSN: 0888-4897 (ISSN-L)
1533-3175
1938-2731
DOI: 10.1177/1533317511421780
PMC: PMC10845671
OpenAlex: W2066403993
Cited by: 128
References: 44
Citations by year: 2026: 8 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 3
FWCI: 5.28
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: American Journal of Alzheimer s Disease & Other Dementias® (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
Keywords: Alzheimer's disease, glutamate, N-acetylaspartate, mild cognitive impairment, excitotoxicity, posterior cingulate cortex, brain metabolites, neuronal loss, magnetic resonance spectroscopy
MeSH terms: Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Alzheimer Disease, Aspartic Acid, Choline, Creatine, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Gyrus Cinguli, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Protons, Severity of Illness Index, Glutamic Acid, Cognitive Dysfunction

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Brain Glutamate Levels Are Decreased in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study

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