The DOI matches its Crossref record; 44 of the 44 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Brain Glutamate Levels Are Decreased in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study
Open accessAbstract
Glutamate (Glu) is the most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS) and is involved in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in which there is an increased excitotoxicity. Biochemical composition of living tissues including the levels of Glu was analyzed by magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Previous reports point to decreased levels of Glu in AD. As Glu plays an important role in memory, we hypothesize that Glu levels are decreased in patients with AD when compared with controls. A consecutive sample of 30 patients with mild-to-moderate AD underwent H-MRS with the voxel placed in the bilateral posterior cingulate gyrus. For comparison purposes, we carried out the same technique in 68 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and in 26 controls. The healthy controls had higher metabolite levels of N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA) than patients with MCI and AD. In turn, patients with MCI and the controls had higher levels of Glu than in patients with AD. The differences were significant in the analysis of variance (ANOVA) test model corrected for age. In the post hoc analysis, the most remarkable differences were seen between patients with AD and the rest (patients with MCI and the controls). In AD, the levels of Glu and NAA are decreased in comparison with MCI and normality, which reflects loss of neurons.
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“Concentrations of Glu were also shown to be lower in the posterior cingulate cortex of AD patients, either when measured alone or as a combined measure of Glu+glutamine (Glx) (Antuono et al. 2001; Fayed et al. 2011; Rupsingh et al. 2011).”
From Alzheimer’s disease: Targeting the glutamatergic system (2020) · cites this paper as Fayed et al. 2011
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Glutamate metabolism and recycling at the excitatory synapse in health and neurodegeneration
Andersen, J. V., Markussen, K. H., Jakobsen, E., Schousboe, A., Waagepetersen, H. S., Rosenberg, P. A., & Aldana, B. I. (2021) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108719 · Cited by 392
Nho, K., Kueider-Paisley, A., Ahmad, S., MahmoudianDehkordi, S., Arnold, M., Risacher, S. L., Louie, G., Blach, C., Baillie, R., Han, X., et al. (2019) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.7978 · Cited by 227
Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Synaptic Transmission Failure in Alzheimer’s Disease
Guo, L., Tian, J., & Du, H. (2017) · Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-160702 · Cited by 211
Alzheimer’s disease: Targeting the glutamatergic system
Conway, M. E. (2020) · Biogerontology · doi:10.1007/s10522-020-09860-4 · Cited by 180
Gorji, N., Moeini, R., & Memariani, Z. (2017) · Pharmacological Research · doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2017.12.003 · Cited by 154
Metadata
- Authors
- Fayed, N., Modrego, P. J., Rojas-Salinas, G., & Aguilar, K.
- Affiliations
- Department of Radiology, Clinica Quirón, Zaragoza, Spain
- Corresponding author
- Modrego, Pedro J.
- ORCID
- Modrego, Pedro J.
- Venue
- American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease & Other Dementias®
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2011-09
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 450-456
- ISSN
- 0888-4897 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-3175
- 1938-2731
- PMC
- PMC10845671
- OpenAlex
- W2066403993
- Cited by
- 128
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 5.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- American Journal of Alzheimer s Disease & Other Dementias® (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- Alzheimer's disease, glutamate, N-acetylaspartate, mild cognitive impairment, excitotoxicity, posterior cingulate cortex, brain metabolites, neuronal loss, magnetic resonance spectroscopy
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Alzheimer Disease, Aspartic Acid, Choline, Creatine, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Gyrus Cinguli, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Protons, Severity of Illness Index, Glutamic Acid, Cognitive Dysfunction
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