The DOI matches its Crossref record; 44 of the 44 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Brain Glutamate Levels Are Decreased in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study
Open accessAbstract
Glutamate (Glu) is the most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS) and is involved in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in which there is an increased excitotoxicity. Biochemical composition of living tissues including the levels of Glu was analyzed by magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Previous reports point to decreased levels of Glu in AD. As Glu plays an important role in memory, we hypothesize that Glu levels are decreased in patients with AD when compared with controls. A consecutive sample of 30 patients with mild-to-moderate AD underwent H-MRS with the voxel placed in the bilateral posterior cingulate gyrus. For comparison purposes, we carried out the same technique in 68 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and in 26 controls. The healthy controls had higher metabolite levels of N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA) than patients with MCI and AD. In turn, patients with MCI and the controls had higher levels of Glu than in patients with AD. The differences were significant in the analysis of variance (ANOVA) test model corrected for age. In the post hoc analysis, the most remarkable differences were seen between patients with AD and the rest (patients with MCI and the controls). In AD, the levels of Glu and NAA are decreased in comparison with MCI and normality, which reflects loss of neurons.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Concentrations of Glu were also shown to be lower in the posterior cingulate cortex of AD patients, either when measured alone or as a combined measure of Glu+glutamine (Glx) (Antuono et al. 2001; Fayed et al. 2011; Rupsingh et al. 2011).”
From Alzheimer’s disease: Targeting the glutamatergic system (2020) · cites this paper as Fayed et al. 2011
Citations
Cites
McKhann, G., Drachman, D., Folstein, M., Katzman, R., Price, D., & Stadlan, E. M. (1984) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.34.7.939 · Cited by 27,915
The Brain's Default Network: Anatomy, Function, and Relevance to Disease
Buckner, R. L., Andrews‐Hanna, J. R., & Schacter, D. L. (2008) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1196/annals.1440.011 · Cited by 9,761
Mild Cognitive Impairment: Clinical Characterization and Outcome
Petersen, R. C., Smith, G. E., Waring, S. C., Ivnik, R. J., Tangalos, E. G., & Kokmen, E. (1999) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.56.3.303 · Cited by 8,980
Estimation of metabolite concentrations from localized in vivo proton NMR spectra
Provencher, S. W. (1993) · Magnetic Resonance in Medicine · doi:10.1002/mrm.1910300604 · Cited by 3,659
Choi, D. W. (1992) · Journal of Neurobiology · doi:10.1002/neu.480230915 · Cited by 2,329
Memantine in Moderate-to-Severe Alzheimer's Disease
Reisberg, B., Doody, R., Stöffler, A., Schmitt, F., Ferris, S., & Möbius, H. J. (2003) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa013128 · Cited by 2,043
McShane, R., Areosa Sastre, A., & Minakaran, N. (2006) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd003154.pub5 · Cited by 1,155
Sperling, R. A., LaViolette, P. S., O'Keefe, K., O'Brien, J., Rentz, D. M., Pihlajamaki, M., Marshall, G., Hyman, B. T., Selkoe, D. J., Hedden, T., et al. (2009) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2009.07.003 · Cited by 1,027
Pharmacology of glutamate neurotoxicity in cortical cell culture: attenuation by NMDA antagonists
Choi, D. W., Koh, J., & Peters, S. (1988) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.08-01-00185.1988 · Cited by 983
Parsons, C. G., Danysz, W., & Quack, G. (1999) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0028-3908(99)00019-2 · Cited by 900
Screening for dementia with the Memory Impairment Screen
Herman Buschke, L., Kuslansky, G., Katz, M., Stewart, W. F., Sliwinski, M. J., Eckholdt, H., & Lipton, R. B. (1999) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.52.2.231 · Cited by 666
Functional Alterations in Memory Networks in Early Alzheimer’s Disease
Sperling, R. A., Dickerson, B. C., Pihlajamaki, M. M., Vannini, P., LaViolette, P. S., Vitolo, O. V., Hedden, T., Becker, J. A., Rentz, D. M., Selkoe, D. J., et al. (2010) · NeuroMolecular Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12017-009-8109-7 · Cited by 617
Mattson, M., Murrain, M., Guthrie, P., & Kater, S. (1989) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.09-11-03728.1989 · Cited by 480
Lipton, S. A. (2004) · Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1602/neurorx.1.1.101 · Cited by 423
Long-term synaptic plasticity in hippocampal interneurons
Kullmann, D. M., & Lamsa, K. P. (2007) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2207 · Cited by 340
Memantine Treatment in Mild to Moderate Alzheimer Disease: A 24-Week Randomized, Controlled Trial
Peskind, E. R., Potkin, S. G., Pomara, N., Ott, B. R., Graham, S. M., Olin, J. T., & McDonald, S. (2006) · American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/01.jgp.0000224350.82719.83 · Cited by 308
Rowland, L. M., Bustillo, J. R., Mullins, P. G., Jung, R. E., Lenroot, R., Landgraf, E., Barrow, R., Yeo, R., Lauriello, J., & Brooks, W. M. (2005) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.162.2.394 · Cited by 304
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Diagnosis of Neurological Diseases
Danielsen, E. R. (1999) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781482270105 · Cited by 303
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy in AD
Valenzuela, M., & Sachdev, P. S. (2001) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.56.5.592 · Cited by 256
Cerebral blood flow and metabolic abnormalities in Alzheimer’s disease
Matsuda, H. (2001) · Annals of Nuclear Medicine · doi:10.1007/bf02988596 · Cited by 233
Longitudinal 1H MRS changes in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease
Kantarci, K., Weigand, S. D., Petersen, R. C., Boeve, B. F., Knopman, D. S., Gunter, J. L., Reyes, D. A., Shiung, M. S., O’Brien, P. C., Smith, G. E., et al. (2006) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2006.06.018 · Cited by 213
Lobo, A., Ezquerra, J., Gómez Burgada, F., Sala, J. M., & Seva Díaz, A. (1979) · PubMed · Cited by 194
β-Amyloid Causes Depletion of Synaptic Vesicles Leading to Neurotransmission Failure
Parodí, J., Sepúlveda, F. J., Roa, J., Opazo, C., Inestrosa, N. C., & Aguayo, L. G. (2009) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m109.030023 · Cited by 181
Reduced hippocampal glutamate in Alzheimer disease
Rupsingh, R., Borrie, M., Smith, M., Wells, J. L., & Bartha, R. (2011) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2009.05.002 · Cited by 177
Ogura, A., Miyamoto, M., & Kudo, Y. (1988) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/bf00406601 · Cited by 176
Kantarci, K., Knopman, D. S., Dickson, D. W., Parisi, J. E., Whitwell, J. L., Weigand, S. D., Josephs, K. A., Boeve, B. F., Petersen, R. C., & Jack, C. R. (2008) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiol.2481071590 · Cited by 163
Kantarci, K., Xu, Y., Shiung, M. M., O’Brien, P. C., Cha, R. H., Smith, G. E., Ivnik, R. J., Boeve, B. F., Edland, S. D., Kokmen, E., et al. (2002) · Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders · doi:10.1159/000066021 · Cited by 159
A metabolomic study of the CRND8 transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease
Salek, R. M., Xia, J., Innes, A. E., Sweatman, B. C., Adalbert, R., Randle, S. J., McGowan, E. M., Emson, P. C., & Griffin, J. L. (2010) · Neurochemistry International · doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2010.04.001 · Cited by 148
Modrego, P. J., Fayed, N., & Pina, M. A. (2005) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.162.4.667 · Cited by 135
Self-citationBakchine, S., & Loft, H. (2007) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-2007-11409 · Cited by 135
Glutamate and the glutamate receptor system: a target for drug action
Bleich, S., R�mer, K., Wiltfang, J., & Kornhuber, J. (2003) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.933 · Cited by 125
Decreased glutamate + glutamine in Alzheimer’s disease detected in vivo with 1 H-MRS at 0.5 T
Antuono, P. G., Jones, J. L., Wang, Y., & Li, S.-J. (2001) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.56.6.737 · Cited by 119
In vivo quantitative proton MRSI study of brain development from childhood to adolescence
Horská, A., Kaufmann, W. E., Brant, L. J., Naidu, S., Harris, J. C., & Barker, P. B. (2002) · Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging · doi:10.1002/jmri.10057 · Cited by 117
Proton MR spectroscopic study at 3 Tesla on glutamate/glutamine in Alzheimer’s disease
Hattori, N., Abe, K., Sakoda, S., & Sawada, T. (2002) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/00001756-200201210-00041 · Cited by 112
Areosa, S. A., Sherriff, F., & McShane, R. H. (2005) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd003154.pub3 · Cited by 103
Liu, S.-J., Gasperini, R., Foa, L., & Small, D. (2010) · Journal of Alzheimer's Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-2010-091654 · Cited by 84
Zahr, N. M., Mayer, D., Adolf Pfefferbaum, A., & Sullivan, E. V. (2008) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhm250 · Cited by 80
Modrego, P. J., Fayed, N., Errea, J. M., Ríos, C., Pina, M. A., & Sarasa, M. (2009) · European Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1111/j.1468-1331.2009.02816.x · Cited by 67
Self-citationFayed, N. M., Dávila, J., Oliveros, A., Castillo, J., & Medrano, J. (2008) · Academic Radiology · doi:10.1016/j.acra.2008.04.008 · Cited by 63
Self-citationModrego, P. J., Fayed, N. M., & Sarasa, M. (2011) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2010-000007 · Cited by 59
Self-citationA Review of 1H MR Spectroscopy Findings in Alzheimer's Disease
Soher, B. J., Doraiswamy, P. M., & Charles, H. C. (2005) · Neuroimaging Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.nic.2005.09.013 · Cited by 35
Fayed, N. M., Modrego, P. J., & Medrano, J. (2009) · Neurological Research · doi:10.1179/174313209x395481 · Cited by 33
Self-citationFayed, N. M., Dávila, J., Oliveros, A., Medrano, J., & Castillo, J. (2010) · Neurological Research · doi:10.1179/174313209x405164 · Cited by 18
Self-citationGlutamato y enfermedad de Alzheimer
Abío, J. G., & Cavero-Nagore, M. (2006) · Revista de Neurología · doi:10.33588/rn.4207.2005223 · Cited by 17
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Areosa SA, 2005, Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 18, CD003154
- Lobo A, 1979, Actas Luso Esp Neurol Psiquiatr Cienc Afines, 7, 189
- Modrego P, BMJ Open 2011
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Glutamate metabolism and recycling at the excitatory synapse in health and neurodegeneration
Andersen, J. V., Markussen, K. H., Jakobsen, E., Schousboe, A., Waagepetersen, H. S., Rosenberg, P. A., & Aldana, B. I. (2021) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108719 · Cited by 392
Nho, K., Kueider-Paisley, A., Ahmad, S., MahmoudianDehkordi, S., Arnold, M., Risacher, S. L., Louie, G., Blach, C., Baillie, R., Han, X., et al. (2019) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.7978 · Cited by 227
Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Synaptic Transmission Failure in Alzheimer’s Disease
Guo, L., Tian, J., & Du, H. (2017) · Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-160702 · Cited by 211
Alzheimer’s disease: Targeting the glutamatergic system
Conway, M. E. (2020) · Biogerontology · doi:10.1007/s10522-020-09860-4 · Cited by 180
Gorji, N., Moeini, R., & Memariani, Z. (2017) · Pharmacological Research · doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2017.12.003 · Cited by 154
Metadata
- Authors
- Fayed, N., Modrego, P. J., Rojas-Salinas, G., & Aguilar, K.
- Affiliations
- Department of Radiology, Clinica Quirón, Zaragoza, Spain
- Corresponding author
- Modrego, Pedro J.
- ORCID
- Modrego, Pedro J.
- Venue
- American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease & Other Dementias®
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2011-09
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 450-456
- ISSN
- 0888-4897 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-3175
- 1938-2731
- PMC
- PMC10845671
- OpenAlex
- W2066403993
- Cited by
- 128
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 5.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- American Journal of Alzheimer s Disease & Other Dementias® (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- Alzheimer's disease, glutamate, N-acetylaspartate, mild cognitive impairment, excitotoxicity, posterior cingulate cortex, brain metabolites, neuronal loss, magnetic resonance spectroscopy
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Alzheimer Disease, Aspartic Acid, Choline, Creatine, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Gyrus Cinguli, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Protons, Severity of Illness Index, Glutamic Acid, Cognitive Dysfunction
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
