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Cited by 169Bullying, Victimization, and AggressionChild Abuse and TraumaChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development

Adolescent Victimization and Early-Adult Psychopathology: Approaching Causal Inference Using a Longitudinal Twin Study to Rule Out Noncausal Explanations

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Schaefer, Jonathan D., Moffitt, Terrie E., Arseneault, Louise, Danese, Andrea, Fisher, Helen L., Houts, Renate, Sheridan, Margaret A., Wertz, Jasmin +1 more·2018·Clinical Psychological Science
DOI 10.1177/2167702617741381PMC PMC5952301
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Abstract

Adolescence is the peak age for both victimization and mental disorder onset. Previous research has reported associations between victimization exposure and many psychiatric conditions. However, causality remains controversial. Within the Environmental Risk Longitudinal Twin Study, we tested whether seven types of adolescent victimization increased risk of multiple psychiatric conditions and approached causal inference by systematically ruling out noncausal explanations. Longitudinal within-individual analyses showed that victimization was followed by increased mental health problems over a childhood baseline of emotional/behavioral problems. Discordant-twin analyses showed that victimization increased risk of mental health problems independent of family background and genetic risk. Both childhood and adolescent victimization made unique contributions to risk. Victimization predicted heightened generalized liability (the “p factor”) to multiple psychiatric spectra, including internalizing, externalizing, and thought disorders. Results recommend violence reduction and identification and treatment of adolescent victims to reduce psychiatric burden.

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  • Negative peer interactions increase emotional symptoms via non-shared environmental pathways, unconfounded by pre-existing genetic dispositions or by features of the familial environment shared by both twins.

    “Furthermore, twin studies show that negative peer interactions increase emotional symptoms via non‐shared environmental pathways, providing evidence that these associations are unconfounded by pre‐existing genetic dispositions or by features of the familial environment shared by both twins (Arseneault et al., 2008; Schaefer et al., 2018; Silberg et al., 2016).”

    From A cross‐lagged twin study of emotional symptoms, social isolation and peer victimisation from early adolescence to emerging adulthood (2023) · cites this paper as Schaefer et al., 2018

    The Results (page unavailable in our copy) find that adolescent poly-victimization remains associated with early-adult general psychopathology within identical-twin pairs, so shared genes and family environment do not fully explain the association. But the Discussion says a nonshared environmental factor could be an unmeasured third variable rather than a causal effect. The study could not test whether peer victimization specifically predicts psychopathology independently of shared genetic and family factors, and its twin analysis did not isolate emotional symptoms. (LLM, conf=0.89)

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  • The finding is in line with studies showing genetic and environmental overlap between emotional symptoms and negative peer experiences but also extends them by providing evidence of these etiological processes at different periods during adolescence and early adulthood.

    “This finding is in line with studies showing genetic and environmental overlap between emotional symptoms and negative peer experiences but also extends them by providing evidence of these etiological processes at different periods during adolescence and early adulthood (Brendgen et al., 2013, 2022; Matthews et al., 2016; Schaefer et al., 2018; Silberg et al., 2016; Smith et al., 2021).”

    From A cross‐lagged twin study of emotional symptoms, social isolation and peer victimisation from early adolescence to emerging adulthood (2023) · cites this paper as Schaefer et al., 2018

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Authors
Schaefer, J. D., Moffitt, T. E., Arseneault, L., Danese, A., Fisher, H. L., Houts, R., Sheridan, M. A., Wertz, J., & Caspi, A.
Affiliations
  • Duke University (US)
  • King's College London (GB)
  • National Health Service (GB)
  • University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
Corresponding author
Schaefer, Jonathan D.
ORCID
Venue
Clinical Psychological Science
Publisher
SAGE Publications
Published
2017-12-12
Volume
6
Issue
3
Pages
352-371
ISSN
  • 2167-7026 (ISSN-L)
  • 2167-7034
DOI
10.1177/2167702617741381
PMC
PMC5952301
OpenAlex
W2771455541
Cited by
169
References
99
Citations by year
2026: 8 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 12
FWCI
22.72
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Clinical Psychological Science (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Research Portal (King's College London) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
  • Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • UNC Libraries
Funders
  • Medical Research Council (G1002190)
  • National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (HD077482, T32-HD007376)
  • MQ: Transforming Mental Health (MQ14F40)
  • National Institute on Aging (T32-AG000139)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Keywords
adolescent victimization, causal inference, p-factor, internalizing disorders, externalizing disorders, thought disorder, child victimization, environmental risk, violence reduction

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Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

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