Cyberbullying, Mental Health, and Violence in Adolescents and Associations With Sex and Race: Data From the 2015 Youth Risk Behavior Survey
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Background. Cyberbullying is a serious issue among adolescents, but little is known about how demographics are associated with mental health conditions and violent behaviors. The present study examined the association of cyberbullying victimization with mental health conditions and violent behaviors among adolescents, specifically examining potential differences by sex and race. Methods. National data obtained from a representative sample of 9th to 12th grade students (N = 15 465) in the United States were examined using bivariate and logistic regression analysis. Results. More than 15% of students reported cyberbullying victimization. Females were twice as likely to report victimization than males, and non-white students were 50% less likely to report cyberbullying victimization. Cyberbullying victimization was significantly more likely in students who reported depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation, suicide planning, carrying a weapon, and engaging in a physical fight. These associations were more pronounced in males. Conclusions. Our findings show that female and white adolescents are at increased risk of being cyberbullied. However, negative mental health outcomes and violent behaviors are more pronounced in males, indicating potential negative effects of being a cyberbullying victim based on sex. We envisage the best way to combat cyberbullying is to develop programs that are sensitive to potential demographic differences to empower students based on individual risks.
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Cyberbullying disproportionately impacts females; in a national survey of US adolescents, females were twice as likely to be victims of cyberbullying compared to males.
“females were twice as likely to be victims of cyberbullying compared to males (Alhajji, Bass, & Dai, 2019)”
From Social Media and Mental Health: Benefits, Risks, and Opportunities for Research and Practice (2020) · cites this paper as Alhajji, Bass, & Dai, 2019
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Feng, Z., Cui, X., Sun, Y., Wei, Z., Yuan, J., Hu, J., Xin, N., & HASAN, M. M. (2026) · International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Big Data (ICAIBD) · doi:10.1109/icaibd69640.2026.11637224
Anichitoae, F. M., Dobrean, A., & Florean, I. S. (2026) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/08862605261462160
Cyberbullying and mental health in adolescents: bidirectional approach
Ferreira, T. R. D. S. C., Avanci, J. Q., Pinto, L. W., & de Assis, S. G. (2026) · Ciência & Saúde Coletiva · doi:10.1590/1413-81232026318.07052026 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Morello, L., Baraldsnes, D., ten Braak, D., & Fandrem, H. (2026) · Social Psychology of Education · doi:10.1007/s11218-026-10273-3
Rahmatika, N. T., Azam, M., Hermawati, B., Fitri, N. N. A., Kurnia, G. M., & Friska, E. (2026) · Journal of Community Health · doi:10.1007/s10900-026-01626-2
- Authors
- Alhajji, M., Bass, S., & Dai, T.
- Affiliations
- Temple University (US)
- University of Illinois Chicago (US)
- Corresponding author
- Alhajji, Mohammed
- Venue
- Global Pediatric Health
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2019-01
- Volume
- 6
- Pages
- 2333794X19868887-2333794X19868887
- ISSN
- 2333-794X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6686314
- OpenAlex
- W2965993129
- Cited by
- 70
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 4
- FWCI
- 11.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Global Pediatric Health (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- TUScholarShare (Temple University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Funders
- temple university
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection
- Keywords
- cyber victimization, adolescents, mental health, violent behavior, sex differences, racial differences, depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation, suicide planning, weapon carrying, physical fighting, Youth Risk Behavior Survey
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