Cyberbullying: A Review of the Literature
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The article is a literature review on cyberbullying from 2007-2013. Topics covered in the review have been categorized starting with definition of cyberbullying; roles of persons involved and statistics of who is being targeted; reasons for cyberbullying; differences between traditional bullying and cyberbullying; and gender comparisons related to cyberbullying. This introduction to cyberbullying will provide a foundation for developing a cyberbullying intervention/prevention program
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Females engage more with cyberbullying as both perpetrators and victims.
“Females engage more with cyberbullying as both perpetrators and victims owing to their higher involvement in indirect forms of aggression133,134 and more frequent use of social networking sites135,136.”
From Umbrella review of meta-analyses on the risk factors, protective factors, consequences and interventions of cyberbullying victimization (2024) · cites this paper as [134]
Section 7, “Gender Differences in Response to Cyberbullying” (page not specified), reports that females were over-represented among cyberbullies and victims. But it also describes gender findings as inconsistent and reports that boys were more inclined to engage in electronic bullying. The source therefore does not support the unqualified claim that females engage more as both perpetrators and victims. (LLM, conf=0.85)
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Cites
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“Smith et al (2008) found in line with Raskauskas and Stoltz (2007), that cyber victims had also often been traditional victims, and cyberbullies had often been traditional bullies; many traditional victims or bullies were not cyber victims or bullies, since cyberbullying is substantially less…”
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“These reviews have focused on the consequences of cyberbullying (8), defining cyberbullying, and reporting its prevalence (9-11).”
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“Prior research has largely applied reviews of the literature to explore the impact of cyberbullying and intervention programs (e.g., Cassidy, Faucher, & Jackson, 2013; Couvillon & Ilieva, 2011; Hong & Espelage, 2012: Notar, Padgett, & Roden, 2013).”
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“For example, some studies have shown that male adolescents often bully each other on the basis of perceived sexual minority status, and that there are gendered differences to perceptions of cyberbullying (Doucette, 2013; Notar et al., 2013).”
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Preservice Teachers’ Perception and Use of Personal Learning Environments (PLEs)
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“Harassment or bullying via technology is being increasingly recognized globally and has been referred to as electronic bullying, online bullying, and/or cyberbullying (7).”
Cyberbullying on social media: Definitions, prevalence, and impact challenges
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Psychological Correlates of Cyberbullying and Cyber-Victimization
Ildırım, E., Çalıcı, C., & Erdoğan, B. (2017) · International Journal of Human and Behavioral Science · doi:10.19148/ijhbs.365829 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Investigating the mechanisms of theory of planned behavior on Cyberbullying among Thai adolescents
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“On the global scale, the prevalence of Cyberbullying is approximately 20–40 percent and is found mostly at the school level[4, 7], especially among middle school students[8, 9].”
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“Some studies show that boys are more involved in cyberbullying than girls [21,22].”
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“Due to the high frequency of cyberbullying, even low severity cyberbullying can cause much distress to victims.(38) Recently, researchers”
BackgroundTechnology at the Service of Pediatric Mental Health: Review and Assessment
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Cyberbullying in text content detection: an analytical review
Azumah, S. W., Elsayed, N., ElSayed, Z., & Ozer, M. (2023) · International Journal of Computers and Applications · doi:10.1080/1206212x.2023.2256048 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“…because they appear to be different in terms of religion, sexual orientation, and disability; retaliators are people using the Internet to payback their bullies for being bullied, and finally, victims of retaliators are people who are being cyberbullied because they ones bullied others [34].”
BackgroundMarinoni, C., Zanetti, M. A., & Caravita, S. C. S. (2023) · Social Sciences & Humanities Open · doi:10.1016/j.ssaho.2023.100731 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Experiences of internet users regarding cyberhate
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Cyber Bullying Detection and Classification using Multinomial Naïve Bayes and Fuzzy Logic
Akhter, A., Uzzal, K. A., & Polash, M. M. A. (2019) · International Journal of Mathematical Sciences and Computing · doi:10.5815/ijmsc.2019.04.01 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“…exert the full power and weight of statistical machine learning and natural language processing involves the analysis of relevant parameters from the fields of sociology, psychiatry, and sociolinguistics, all three of which have been studying the phenomenon of bullying and meanness for decades [6].”
BackgroundThe volume and source of cyberabuse influences victim blame and perceptions of attractiveness
Scott, G. G., Wiencierz, S., & Hand, C. J. (2018) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2018.10.037 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Trainee Teachers’ Perceptions on Cyberbullying in Educational Contexts
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The Law and Psychology of Bullying
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“A prospective victim’s “suitability” (see Navarro & Jasinski, 2012) can be enhanced by the posting of identifiable personal information on profile sites, chat rooms, game rooms, e-mail, and blogs as well as communicating via e-mails, texting, voice messaging and video clips (Notar et al., 2013).”
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Analysis of Tweets Related to Cyberbullying
Alim, S. (2015) · International Journal of Cyber Behavior Psychology and Learning · doi:10.4018/ijcbpl.2015100103 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“Notar, Padgett, and Roden (2013) referred to the importance of working with parents to diffuse cyberbullying situations.”
BackgroundGendertrolls just want to have fun, too
Paananen, A., & Reichl, A. J. (2019) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2019.01.011 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Cyberbullying: A Narrative Review
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A Study on Cyberbullying: Its Forms, Awareness and Moral Reasoning Among Youth
Asanan, Z. Z. T. (2017) · International Journal of Information and Communication Sciences · doi:10.11648/j.ijics.20170205.11 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“The modern technology which creates a borderless world had upgraded bullying into cyberbullying [1] and it is a prevalent issue that happens everywhere regardless of schools or the working world [2].”
BackgroundCyberbullying in the United States
Espelage, D. L., Hong, J. S., & Valido, A. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-73263-3_4 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
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Contributing Factors of Cyberbullying Behavior among Youths During Covid-19
Kusumawaty, I., Yunike, Y., Elviani, Y., & Arifin, H. (2021) · Jurnal NERS · doi:10.20473/jn.v16i1.24751 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“Suicide cases have been reported as a result of cyberbullying (Grunin et al., 2020; Notar et al., 2013) and more than 10% of cases of suicide are due to cyberbullying(Messias et al., 2014).”
BackgroundInfluentialAdolescents' Experiences of Cyberbullying
Gao, M., Zhao, X., & McJunkin, M. (2016) · International Journal of Cyber Behavior Psychology and Learning · doi:10.4018/ijcbpl.2016100102 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Bullying, cyberbullying and Internet usage among young people in post-conflict Belfast
Savoldi, F., & de Abreu, P. F. (2016) · Cogent Social Sciences · doi:10.1080/23311886.2015.1132985 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“Indeed, a large part of the current research suggests that the majority of cyberbullying is a direct extension of face-to-face bullying (Notar et al., 2013).”
BackgroundSamsudin, E. Z., Yaacob, S. S., Chen, X. W., Ruzlin, A. N. M., Azzani, M., Jamil, A. T., Muzaini, K., Ibrahim, K., Suddin, L. S., Selamat, M. I., et al. (2023) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2023-072801 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
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Attitudes to sexting amongst post-primary pupils in Northern Ireland: a liberal feminist approach
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“Online technology is an indispensable part of young people’s lives with many engaging in numerous internet-based activities, such as online gaming, using social media to contact and make new friends, watching films and television programmes (Notar, Padgett, and Roden 2013) – and to sext.”
BackgroundNasier, B., Gibson, K. L., & Trnka, S. H. (2021) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2021.106933 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
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“Regarding cyberbullying, findings are mixed since research did not find a predominant gender involved either as a victim or as a bully [63, 64].”
BackgroundIdentifying the victims of workplace cyberbullying among lecturers
Mirawati, I., Suryana, A., Agustin, H., & Hidayat, M. S. (2019) · Jurnal Studi Komunikasi (Indonesian Journal of Communications Studies) · doi:10.25139/jsk.v3i2.1535 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
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“…have been found to differ significantly across urban vs. rural areas (Whittaker & Kowalski, 2015), gender (Zhou et al., 2013), grades/age (González-Cabrera et al., 2019; Kowalski et al., 2014; Notar et al., 2013), and level of Internet usage (Davis & Koepke, 2016; Zhou et al., 2013).”
BackgroundBullying and cyberbullying: Do personality profiles matter in adolescence?
Favini, A., Gerbino, M., Pastorelli, C., Zuffianò, A., Lunetti, C., Remondi, C., Cirimele, F., Plata, M. G., & Giannini, A. M. (2023) · Telematics and Informatics Reports · doi:10.1016/j.teler.2023.100108 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“Cyberbullying is mostly considered a specific form of traditional “ offline ” bullying that shares the intentionality to damage, offend, or threaten; the repetition of action; and the power imbalance between the perpetrator and the target of the actions [35,41,69].”
BackgroundTHE PSYCHOSOCIAL EFFECTS OF SOCIAL MEDIA CYBERBULLYING ON STUDENTS IN SELECTED AFRICAN COUNTRIES
Chukwuere, P. C., Chukwuere, J. E., & Adom, D. (2021) · Acta Informatica Malaysia · doi:10.26480/aim.02.2021.62.70 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Cyber Harassment and Women of Pakistan: Analysis of Female Victimization
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“Notar et al. (2013) recognized that 90% of the youth participants experienced cyberstalking either as victims or as an eyewitness.”
BackgroundCyberbullying of children: Challenges of victim support
Paunović, N. (2018) · Temida · doi:10.2298/tem1802249p · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Cyberbullying: A Review of the LiteraturePreprint
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Ciberacoso desde la perspectiva docente
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Parents' perception of cyberbullying of their children in Saudi Arabia
Alghamdi, A., Alfakeh, S. A., Kouzaba, K. A., Altaifi, M., Abu-Alamah, S., & Salamah, M. (2021) · Journal of Family and Community Medicine · doi:10.4103/jfcm.jfcm_516_20 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“118 Journal of Family and Community Medicine - Volume 28, Issue 2, May-August 2021 significant amount of attention and discussion in recent years, but little social support.[6]”
BackgroundToward A Collaborative Smart City: A Play-Based Urban Living Laboratory in Boston
Gordon, E., Harlow, J., Teng, M. Q., & Christoferetti, E. (2021) · International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/10447318.2021.2012384 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Web 1.0’dan Web 3.0’a Mahremiyetin Dönüşümü ve Dezavantajlı Gruplar Açısından Muhtemel Sonuçları
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Privacy and Safety in Online Learning
Antobam-Ntekudzi, E., Barborini, C., Brockbank, M., Clarke, S., Cobb, C. M., Dixon, A., Fujarczuk, W., Hall, R., Hamby, J., Higgs, M. A., et al. (2023) · doi:10.56638/mtopb00123 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Adolescent Cyberbullying: A Worldwide Concern
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Cyber Security: Terms, Laws, Threats and Protection
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Family, Bullying and Cyberbullying
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When Cyberbullying and Bullying Meet Gaming: A systemic Review of the Literature
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“Some review studies have begun to address cyberbullying in relationship to bullying [9,10], with increasing amounts of systematic reviews of cyberbullying [11-13].”
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“Data were collected through in-depth interviews, which are standard tools in phenomenological research due to their open-ended nature and depth (Seidman, 2006; Smith et al., 2014).”
Siber Zorbalık İle İlgili Haberlerin Türkiye Yazılı Basınında Çerçevelenişi
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“…sexual or gender identity, COVID-19 1 Decades of research have examined the prevalence of secondary school cyberbullying (Abreu & Kenney, 2018; Notar et al., 2013), but limited research has explored cyberbullying at the university level despite its continuation into higher education (Minor et…”
BackgroundCyberbullying in the World of Teenagers and Social Media
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Mediators of Bullying Victimization and Substance Use Among US High School Students
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A Survey on Cybercrime Using Social Media
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ONLINE AT RISK! ONLINE ACTIVITIES OF CHILDREN IN DORMITORIES: EXPERIENCES IN A CROATIAN COUNTY
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“The term cyberbullying itself did not gain wide currency until the past decade or so; it is now applied to a variety of phenomena (Notar et al., 2013).”
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Stereotypical Beliefs about Cyber Bullying: An Exploratory Study in terms of Myths
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Cyberbullying and cybervictimization among youth with disabilities
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Bullying Scale Development for Higher Education Students: North Cyprus Case
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Cyberbullying and cyberstalking: Parents' role to protect their children
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CYBERBULLYING ON TEENAGE ARTISTS AND ITS IMPLICATIONS ON INCREASING AWARENESS OF BULLYING
Indrayani, S. A., & Johansari, C. A. (2019) · LITERA · doi:10.21831/ltr.v18i2.21670 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Media reporting of cyberbullying
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The Role of Victim’s Resilience and Self-Esteem in Experiencing Internet Hate
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- Authors
- E. Notar, C., Padgett, S., & Roden, J.
- Affiliations
- Jacksonville State University (US)
- ORCID
- Roden, Jessica
- Venue
- Universal Journal of Educational Research
- Published
- 2013-06
- Volume
- 1
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-9
- ISSN
- 2332-3205 (ISSN-L)
- 2332-3213
- OpenAlex
- W2155427315
- Cited by
- 186
- References
- 65
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 1 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 14.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Universal Journal of Educational Research (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Workplace Violence and Bullying
- Keywords
- cyberbullying, definition of cyberbullying, cyberbullying perpetrators, cyberbullying victims, traditional bullying, gender differences, cyberbullying prevention, cyberbullying intervention
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