The DOI matches its Crossref record; 31 of the 32 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Panzaleo Puzzle: Non-Local Pottery in Northern Highland Ecuador
Abstract
One of the most intriguing ceramic wares of the northern Ecuadorian highlands is a distinctive, thin-walled pottery commonly known as Panzaleo. Though widely dispersed throughout the northern highlands, it rarely, if ever, forms the sole or even primary element of archaeological site assemblages in this region. The ubiquity of this ware has led to considerable discussion about its nature and significance. The basic characteristics of this ware are reviewed, along with the results of two separate compositional analyses of Panzaleo sherds from the Guayllabamba-El Quinche region of northern highland Ecuador and the Cosanga region of the eastern montaña. A comparative study of sherds from the two different regions demonstrates a high degree of similarity in the paste composition of pottery samples from the highlands and the eastern montaña. The mineralogy of the ware points to the eastern foothills of the Andes as the probable locus of its production, suggesting the existence of prehistoric relations of exchange between northern highland and eastern lowland groups. Separate morphological and contextual analyses of Panzaleo pottery lead to several hypotheses regarding the significance of the ware that relate, in part, to its association with lowland cuisine and feasting ritual.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
En varios de los sitios con montículos con rampa estudiados se ha registrado, junto a cerámica local, cerámica importada Panzaleo o Cosanga, fina, de paredes delgadas, con mica como desgrasante, cuyo origen se encuentra en las estribaciones occidentales de la cordillera oriental.
“Sobre esto, es interesante el hecho de que en varios de los sitios con montículos con rampa estudiados se ha registrado, a la par de la cerámica de manufactura local, una cerámica importada que se conoce como Panzaleo o Cosanga.Se trata de una alfarería muy fina, de paredes sumamente delgadas y caracterizada por el brillo que le otorga el uso de la mica como desgrasante, y cuyo origen (a juzgar”
From Sociedades heterárquicas en el ecuador preincaico: estudio diacrónico de la organización política caranqui (2017) · cites this paper as Bray 1995
Citations
Cites
Ceramics for the archaeologist
Shepard, A. O. (1956) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 548
国立民族学博物館 (1978) · National Museum of Ethnology eBooks · Cited by 501
Ceramics for the Archaeologist
Gettens, R. J., & Shephard, A. O. (1957) · Studies in Conservation · doi:10.2307/1504935 · Cited by 495
de Sepúlveda, J. G., & Jaén, A. R. D. V. (1987) · Virtual Defense Library (Ministerio de Defensa) · Cited by 447
Slater, E. A., Olin, J. S., & Franklin, A. D. (1984) · Studies in Conservation · doi:10.2307/1506021 · Cited by 372
POTTERY ANALYSIS BY NEUTRON ACTIVATION
Perlman, I., & Asaro, F. (1969) · Archaeometry · doi:10.1111/j.1475-4754.1969.tb00627.x · Cited by 336
Braun, D. P. (1983) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-505980-0.50012-4 · Cited by 306
Native Lords of Quito in the Age of the Incas: The Political Economy of North Andean Chiefdoms
Salomon, F. (1986) · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511558146 · Cited by 304
Lathrap, D. W. (1970) · Cited by 301
León, L. C. R., Torres, F. V., Feijóo, M. S., & Bayly, S. M. (2010) · Cited by 299
Nelson, B. A. (1985) · Cited by 200
Activation analysis in archaeology
Newton, G. W. A., & Harbottle, G. (1976) · Royal Society of Chemistry eBooks · doi:10.1039/9781847556882-00033 · Cited by 195
Lathrap, D. W. (1973) · World Archaeology · doi:10.1080/00438243.1973.9979564 · Cited by 160
The Identification of Vessel Function: A Case Study from Northwest Georgia
Hally, D. J. (1986) · American Antiquity · doi:10.2307/279940 · Cited by 152
Ceramic Form and Function: An Ethnographic Search and an Archeological Application
Henrickson, E. F., & McDonald, M. M. A. (1983) · American Anthropologist · doi:10.1525/aa.1983.85.3.02a00070 · Cited by 136
The Thorny Oyster and the Voice of God: Spondylus and Strombus in Andean Prehistory
Paulsen, A. C. (1974) · American Antiquity · doi:10.2307/278907 · Cited by 126
Discovery of the Chavín Culture in Peru
Tello, J. C. (1943) · American Antiquity · doi:10.2307/275457 · Cited by 93
Mercaderes del valle de Chincha en la época prehispánica: un documento y unos comentarios.
de Díez, M. R. (1970) · Hispana · doi:10.5209/rev_reaa.1970.v5.26679 · Cited by 84
The Formation of Ceramic Analytical Groups: Hopi Pottery Production and Exchange, A. C. 1300-1600
Bishop, R. L., Canouts, V., Atley, S. P. D., Qoyawayma, A. H., & Aikins, C. W. (1988) · Journal of Field Archaeology · doi:10.1179/009346988791974439 · Cited by 58
Renard-Casevitz, F.-M., Saignes, T., & Taylor, A.-C. (1988) · Institut français d’études andines eBooks · doi:10.4000/books.ifea.1631 · Cited by 57
The Andes: a geological review
Reyment, R. A. (1980) · Cretaceous Research · doi:10.1016/0195-6671(80)90031-2 · Cited by 50
Retainers of the Lords or Merchants : A Case of Mistaken Identity?
Ramirez-Horton, S. (1982) · Institutional Repositories DataBase (IRDB) · doi:10.15021/00003383 · Cited by 49
Cumancaya : a Peruvian ceramic tradition
Raymond, J. S., DeBoer, W. R., & Roe, P. G. (1975) · Cited by 28
Arnade, C. W. (1963) · Hispanic American Historical Review · doi:10.1215/00182168-43.4.596 · Cited by 22
El pan de América: Etnohistoria de los alimentos aborígenes en el Ecuador.
Estrella, E. (1986) · Virtual Defense Library (Ministerio de Defensa) · Cited by 13
Athens, J. S. (1992) · Interdisciplinary Contributions to Archaeology/Interdisciplinary contributions to archaeology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-6416-1_9 · Cited by 11
Ethno-histoire équatorienne : un testament indien inédit du XVIe siècle
Caillavet, C. (1983) · Caravelle-cahiers Du Monde Hispanique Et Luso-bresilien · doi:10.3406/carav.1983.1655 · Cited by 7
Papel del Valle del Chota-Mira en la economía interandina de los Andes Septentrionales del Ecuador.
José Echeverría, A., & Uribe, M. V. (2015) · LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) · Cited by 6
Renard-Casevitz, F.-M., Saignes, T., & Taylor, A. (1988) · Cited by 6
Kelley, P., & Carolina Orr, D. (1976) · Americanae (AECID Library) · Cited by 3
(1946)
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 32 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 44
- Almeida Reyes, Eduardo, and Holguer Jara Chavez 1984 El Pucará de Rumicucho. Miscelánea Antropológica Ecuatoriana, Serie Monográfica No. 1. Quito: Museo del Banco Central del Ecuador.
- Anónimo 1965 “La Cibdad de Sant Francisco del Quito [1573],” in Marcos Jiménez de la Espada, ed., Relaciones Geograficas de Indias, Tomo II. Madrid: Ediciones Adas, 205–232.
- Arellano, Jorge 1987 “Estudio Microscópico del Antiplástico de las Fases Cosanga y Cosanga-Píllaro (Períodos de Desarrollo Regional e Integración),” in P. Pedro Porras, ed., Temas de Investigación. Quito: Centro de Investigaciones Arquelógicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, 171–189.
- Athens, John Stephen 1980 El Proceso Evolutivo en las Sociedades Complejasy la Ocupación del Periodo Tardío-Cara en los Andes Septentrionales del Ecuador. Colección Pendoneros No. 2. Otavalo, Ecuador: Instituto Otavaleño de Antropología.
- Bell, Robert 1965 Archaeological Investigations at the Site of El Inga, Ecuador. Quito: Editorial Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana.
- Bishop, Ronald L., Garman Harbottle, and Edward V. Sayre 1982 “Chemical and Mathematical Procedures Employed in the Maya Fine Paste Ceramics Project,” in Jeremy Sabloff, ed., The Analyses of Fine Paste Ceramics. Memoirs of the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology 15 (2). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University, 272–282.
- Blackman, M. James 1986 “Precision in Routine I.N.A.A. Over a Two-Year Period at the NBSR,” in F. J. Shorten, ed., NBS Reactor: Summary of Activities July 1985 Through June 1986. NBS Technical Note 1231. Gaitherburg, MD: National Bureau of Standards, 122–126.
- Borja, Antonio de 1965 “Relación en suma de la doctrina e beneficio de Pimampiro y de las cosas notables que en ella hay, de la cual es beneficiado el P. Antonia Borja. [1582?],” in Marcos Jiménez de la Espada, ed., Relaciones Geográficas de Indias, Tomo II. Madrid: Ediciones Atlas, 248–253.
- Bray, Tamara L. 1991 The Effects of Inca Imperialism on the Northern Frontier: An Archaeological Investigation. Ph.D. dissertation, State University of New York at Binghamton. Ann Arbor: University Microfilms.
- Bruhns Karen 1989 “Intercambio Entre la Costa y la Sierra en el Formativo Tardío: Nuevas Evidencias del Azuay ” in J. F. Bouchard and M. Guinea eds. Relaciones Interculturales en el Área Ecuatorial del Pácifico Durante la Época Precolombiana. 46th International Congress of Americanists Amsterdam. BAR International Series 503. Oxford: B.A.R 57–74.
- Buys, Jozef, and Victoria Domínguez 1988 “Un Cementerio Hace 2000 Años: Jardín del Este,” in Ivan Cruz, ed., Quito Antes de Benalcázar. Monográfica No. 1, Año 1. Quito: Centro Cultural Artes, 31–50.
- Francisco Alice E. de 1969 “An Archaeological Sequence from Carchi Ecuador ” unpublished Ph.D. dissertation Department of Anthropology University of California Berkeley.
- “Factores Culturales en la Historia de las Relaciones entre Sierra y Oriente del Ecuador,” Cuadernos de Historia y Arqueología 21: 202–228. Guayaquil.
- Fritz, Udo, and Uwe Schoenfelder 1987 “New Results Concerning the Integration Period in the Northern Highlands of Ecuador,” Instituto of Archaeology Bulletin 23: 127–150. University College of London.
- Goff, Linda A. 1980 An Art Historical and Archaeological Ceramic Analysis from the Ecuadorian Highlands. Ph.D. dissertation, Washington University, St. Louis. Ann Arbor: University Microfilms.
- Jijón y Caamaño, Jacinto 1920 “Nueva Contribuciones al Conocimiento de los Aborígenes de la Provincia de Imbabura,” Boletín de la Sociedad Ecuatoriana de Estudios Historicos Americanos 4: 1–120, 183–245. Quito.
- Jijón y Caamaño, Jacinto 1952 Antropología Prehispánica del Ecuador. Quito: La Prensa Católica.
- Julien, Catherine 1983 Hatunqolla: A View of Inca Rule from the Lake Titicaca Region. University of California Publications in Anthropology Vol. 15. Berkeley: University of California Press.
- Karsten, Rafael 1935 The Headhunters of Western Amazonas: The Life and Culture of the Jibaro Indians of Eastern Ecuador and Peru. Commentationes Humanarum Litterarum VIII. Helsingfors, Finland: Societas Scientiarum Fenica.
- Lamas, Viviana 1985 “La Alfarería Tradicional Utilitaria en el Area de Otavalo y sus Inmediaciones,” Sarance 10: 79–127. Otavalo, Ecuador.
- Lathrap, Donald 1971 “The Tropical Forest Culture and the Cultural Context of Chavin,” in Elizabeth Benson, ed., Dumbarton Oaks Conference on Chavin. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Press, 73–100.
- Lathrap, Donald 1973b “Gifts of the Cayman: Some Thoughts on the Subsistence Basis of Chavin,” in Donald Lathrap and Jody Douglas, eds., Variations in Anthropology. Urbana: Illinois Archaeological Survey, 91–105.
- Lumbreras, Luis 1990 Cronologia Arqueológica de Cochasquí. Consideraciones Cronológicas y Recomendaciones para el Estudio Arqueológico de Cochasquí (Ecuador) y su Cultura. Quito: H. Consejo Provincial de Pichincha.
- Oberem, Udo 1974 “Trade and Trade Goods in the Ecuadorian Montaña,” in Patricia Lyon, ed., Native South Americans. Boston: Little Brown, 346–357.
- Oberem, Udo 1981 “Los Montículos Funerarios con Pozo,” in Udo Oberem, ed., Cochasquí: Estudios Arqueológicos, Colección Pendoneros No. 3. Otavalo, Ecuador: Instituto Otavaleño de Antropología, 125–142.
- Perez, Aquiles 1947 Las Mitas en la Real Audiencia de Quito. Quito: Imprenta del Ministerio del Tesoro.
- Pollard, G. 1984 “Interregional Relations in the Southern Andes: Evidence and Expectations for Understanding the Late Prehistory of N.W. Argentina and N. Chile,” in David Browman, Richard Burger, and Mario Rivera, eds., Social and Economic Organization in the Prehispanic Andes. BAR International Series 194. Oxford: B.A.R, 205–247.
- Porras, Padre 1961 Contribución al Estudio de la Arqueología e Historia de los Valles Quijos y Misagualli (Alto Napo). Quito: Editorial Fenix.
- Porras, Padre 1970 “Seriación Cerámica de la Fase Cosanga al N.E. del Oriente Ecuatoriana,” Boletín de la Academia Nacional de Historia 116: 236–249. Quito.
- Porras, Padre 1972 “Una Plataforma Convexa de Lajas de Esquisto, Varias de Estas Esculpidas en Forma de Arabescos con Motivos Zoológicos y Asociadas a Cerámica del Carchi y de Cosanga se Descubre en Pimampiro,” Cuadernos de Historia y Arqueologia 22: 210–233. Guayaquil.
- Porras, Padre 1975 Ease Cosanga: Estudios Cientificos sobre el Oriente Ecuatoriana. Quito: Centro de Publicaciones de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador.
- Porras, Padre 1984 Arqueología del Ecuador, 3rd edn. Quito: Artes Gráficas Señal.
- Rostworowski, María de Diez Canseco 1975 “Pescadores, Artesanos y Mercaderes Costeños en el Perú Prehispánico,” Revista del Museo Nacional 41: 311–349. Lima.
- Rubio Orbe, Gonzalo 1956 Punyaro: Estudio de Antropologia Social y Cultural de una Comunidad Indígena y Mestiza. Quito: Editorial Casa de las Cultura Ecuatoriana.
- Salomon, Frank 1978 “Pochteca and Mindalá: A Comparison of Long-distance Traders in Ecuador and Mesoamerica,” Journal of the Steward Anthropological Society 9: 231–247.
- Schoenfelder, Uwe 1981 “Cerámica Fina y Hallazgos Menores,” in Udo Oberem, ed., Cochasquí: Estudios Arqueológicos. Colección Pendoneros No. 4. Otavalo, Ecuador: Instituto Otavaleño de Antropología, 151–267.
- Schoenfelder, Uwe 1989 “Análisis de la Cerámica Fina del Tipo Panzaleo-Cosanga y Hallazagos Menores,” in Udo Oberem and Wolfgang Wurster, eds., Excavaciones en Cochasquí, Ecuador 1964–1965. Mainz am Rhein: Von Zabern, 198–217.
- Uhle, Max 1889 Kultur und Industrie Sudamerikanisher Volker. Berlin: A. Asher & Company.
- Uhle, Max 1926 “Excavaciones Arqueológicas en la Región de Cumbayá,” Anales de la Universidad Central 37: 5–37. Quito.
- Uhle, Max 1933 Estudios Sobre las Civilizaciones del Car chi e Imbabura. Quito: Talleres Tipográficos Nacionales.
- Wentscher, J. 1989 “Hallazgos de Depósitos, Tumbas, y Objetos Aislados (Lugares de Hallazgo 1–70),” in Udo Oberem and Wolfgang Wurster, eds., Excavaciones en Cochasquí, Ecuador 1964–1965. Mainz am Rhein: Von Zabern, 105–176.
- Whitten, Dorothea, and Norman Whitten 1988 From Myth to Creation. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
- Whitten, Norman 1976 Sacha Runa. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
- Zeidler, James 1984 Social Space in Valdivia Society. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign. Ann Arbor: University Microfilms.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Inter-zonal Relationships in Ecuador
Valdez, F. (2008) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-74907-5_43 · Cited by 89
Craft Production, Exchange, and Political Power in the Pre-Incaic Andes
Vaughn, K. J. (2006) · Journal of Archaeological Research · doi:10.1007/s10814-006-9007-2 · Cited by 35
Bray, T. L. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-306-48246-5_5 · Cited by 51
Self-citationConcepts of Ethnicity and Culture in Andean Archaeology
Stovel, E. M. (2013) · Latin American Antiquity · doi:10.7183/1045-6635.24.1.3 · Cited by 18
Multi-Ethnic Settlement and Interregional Exchange in Pimampiro, Ecuador
Bray, T. L. (2005) · Journal of Field Archaeology · doi:10.1179/009346905791072369 · Cited by 23
Self-citationLate Pre-Hispanic Chiefdoms of Highland Ecuador
Bray, T. L. (2008) · The Handbook of South American Archaeology · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-74907-5_27 · Cited by 21
Self-citationKnight, C. L. F., Cuéllar, A. M., Glascock, M. D., Hall, M. L., & Mothes, P. A. (2010) · Journal of Archaeological Science · doi:10.1016/j.jas.2010.12.002 · Cited by 15
Selective Faunal Provisioning in the Southern Highlands of Formative Ecuador
Stahl, P. W. (2005) · Latin American Antiquity · doi:10.2307/30042496 · Cited by 14
Rock Art, Historical Memory, and Ethnic Boundaries
Bray, T. L. (2002) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-0597-6_13 · Cited by 9
Self-citationClasby, R., & Bartra, J. M. (2012) · Arqueología y Sociedad · doi:10.15381/arqueolsoc.2012n25.e12364 · Cited by 8
Tellkamp, M. P. (2014) · Ibis · doi:10.1111/ibi.12179 · Cited by 7
University of York, & Currie, E. J. (2001) · Internet Archaeology · doi:10.11141/ia.10.5 · Cited by 6
Historia de la sal en el Ecuador Precolombino y Colonial
Salazar, E. (2010) · Antropología Cuadernos de investigación · doi:10.26807/ant.v0i10.46 · Cited by 6
Ugalde, M. F., & Landázuri Narváez, C. (2017) · Revista Española de Antropología Americana · doi:10.5209/reaa.58294 · Cited by 5
Dyrdahl, E., & Speakman, R. J. (2013) · ACS Symposium Series · doi:10.1021/bk-2013-1147.ch012 · Cited by 5
Serrano Ayala, S. (2020) · Bulletin De l’Institut Français D’études Andines · doi:10.4000/bifea.11634 · Cited by 3
Objetos distribuídos do Baixo Amazonas: um estudo da cerâmica Konduri
Alves, M. L. (2019) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/d.71.2019.tde-06112019-164008 · Cited by 3
Bray, T. L. (2019) · International Journal of Historical Archaeology · doi:10.1007/s10761-018-0487-9 · Cited by 2
Self-citationCuéllar, A. M. (2015) · INDIANA - Estudios Antropológicos sobre América Latina y el Caribe · doi:10.18441/ind.v28i0.35-57 · Cited by 2
Obsidian acquisition networks in northern Ecuador from 1600 to 750 cal BCE
Dyrdahl, E. (2022) · Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports · doi:10.1016/j.jasrep.2022.103530 · Cited by 1
Herzog, I., & Yépez Noboa, A. M. (2025) · Acta Archaeologica · doi:10.1163/16000390-09501020 · Cited by 1
La industria lítica de Oroloma, Pichincha, Ecuador
Ayala, S. S. (2017) · Antropología Cuadernos de investigación · doi:10.26807/ant.v0i12.75 · Cited by 1
Rock Art, Historical Memory, and Ethnic Boundaries A Study from the Northern Andean Highlands
Bray, T. L. (2002) · Cited by 1
Self-citationArqueología amazónica en el Ecuador
Cabrero, F. (2017) · SATHIRI · doi:10.32645/13906925.168 · Cited by 1
Non‐visible aspects of ceramics: Archaeological science approaches in Andean pottery studies
Martínez-Carrasco, A., & Gajardo‐Araos, J. (2024) · Archaeometry · doi:10.1111/arcm.13053 · Cited by 1
Cárdenas-Arroyo, F. (1996) · Frontera y poblamiento: estudios de historia y antropología de Colombia y Ecuador · doi:10.4000/books.ifea.2498
Metadata
- Authors
- Bray, T. L.
- Venue
- Journal of Field Archaeology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 1995-01
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 137-156
- ISSN
- 0093-4690 (ISSN-L)
- 2042-4582
- OpenAlex
- W2040546256
- Semantic Scholar
- 909256eda9cc0dee9d66759379c265e9e97cc6ba
- Cited by
- 25
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2024: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2017: 3 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 7.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Field Archaeology (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Smithsonian Institution
- Binghamton University
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History › Amazonian Archaeology and Ethnohistory
- Social Sciences › Archeology › Archaeology and ancient environmental studies
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Archeology (arts and humanities) › Cultural Heritage Materials Analysis
- Keywords
- thin-walled pottery, eastern Montana, ceramic paste composition, ceramic mineralogy, prehistoric exchange, ceramic typology
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review