The transcription factor Nfixis essential for normal brain development
Open accessAbstract
Background: The Nuclear Factor I (NFI) multi-gene family encodes site-specific transcription factors essential for the development of a number of organ systems. We showed previously that Nfia -deficient mice exhibit agenesis of the corpus callosum and other forebrain defects; Nfib -deficient mice have defects in lung maturation and show callosal agenesis and forebrain defects resembling those seen in Nfia -deficient animals, while Nfic -deficient mice have defects in tooth root formation. Recently the Nfix gene has been disrupted and these studies indicated that there were largely uncharacterized defects in brain and skeletal development in Nfix -deficient mice. Results: Here we show that disruption of Nfix by Cre-recombinase mediated excision of the 2nd exon results in defects in brain development that differ from those seen in Nfia and Nfib KO mice. In particular, complete callosal agenesis is not seen in Nfix -/- mice but rather there appears to be an overabundance of aberrant Pax6 - and doublecortin-positive cells in the lateral ventricles of Nfix -/- mice, increased brain weight, expansion of the cingulate cortex and entire brain along the dorsal ventral axis, and aberrant formation of the hippocampus. On standard lab chow Nfix -/- animals show a decreased growth rate from ~P8 to P14, lose weight from ~P14 to P22 and die at ~P22. If their food is supplemented with a soft dough chow from P10, Nfix -/- animals show a lag in weight gain from P8 to P20 but then increase their growth rate. A fraction of the animals survive to adulthood and are fertile. The weight loss correlates with delayed eye and ear canal opening and suggests a delay in the development of several epithelial structures in Nfix -/- animals. Conclusion: These data show that Nfix is essential for normal brain development and may be required for neural stem cell homeostasis. The delays seen in eye and ear opening and the brain morphology defects appear independent of the nutritional deprivation, as rescue of perinatal lethality with soft dough does not eliminate these defects.
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Although their loci are not very near to each other, Nfia, Nfib and Nfix regulate cell-type differentiation in many tissues, function as homo- or heterodimers, and bind to largely common targets.
“Although their loci are not very near to each other, Nfia, Nfib and Nfix regulate cell-type differentiation in many tissues94–96, function as homo- or heterodimers, and bind to largely common targets97.”
From A high-resolution transcriptomic and spatial atlas of cell types in the whole mouse brain (2023) · cites this paper as [94]
The Background states that NFI proteins form homo- or heterodimers, and the Discussion says Nfia, Nfib and Nfix have important roles in brain development and that NFI proteins appear to bind the same DNA sequences. But the Discussion explicitly leaves open whether the proteins share target genes, so it does not establish that they bind largely common targets. It also does not establish cell-type differentiation by all three across many tissues. (LLM, conf=0.84)
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Nuclear Factor One X in Development and Disease
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Self-citationNFIX Regulates Proliferation and Migration Within the Murine SVZ Neurogenic Niche
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Silencing Nfix rescues muscular dystrophy by delaying muscle regeneration
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Nfix Induces a Switch in Sox6 Transcriptional Activity to Regulate MyHC-I Expression in Fetal Muscle
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Nfib Regulates Transcriptional Networks That Control the Development of Prostatic Hyperplasia
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Self-citationNuclear Factor I-C Regulates TGF-β-dependent Hair Follicle Cycling*
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Self-citationRadial Glia, the Keystone of the Development of the Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus
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Transcriptional regulation of ependymal cell maturation within the postnatal brain
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Self-citationRhoA and ERK signalling regulate the expression of the myogenic transcription factor Nfix
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Self-citationGenetic Spectrum Identified by Exome Sequencing in a Chinese Pediatric Cerebral Palsy Cohort
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Nuclear Factor I and Cerebellar Granule Neuron Development: An Intrinsic–Extrinsic Interplay
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Self-citationNfix Expression Critically Modulates Early B Lymphopoiesis and Myelopoiesis
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Self-citationDNA-binding specificity and in vivo targets of Caenorhabditis elegans nuclear factor I
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Insights into the Biology and Therapeutic Applications of Neural Stem Cells
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Self-citationConserved and divergent functions of Nfix in skeletal muscle development during vertebrate evolution
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Nuclear factor IX promotes glioblastoma development through transcriptional activation of Ezrin
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Nuclear Factor I Genes Regulate Neuronal Migration
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Self-citationNuclear Factor One X Regulates Bobby Sox During Development of the Mouse Forebrain
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Nanoribbon-Based Electronic Detection of a Glioma-Associated Circular miRNA
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Heterozygosity for Nuclear Factor One X Affects Hippocampal-Dependent Behaviour in Mice
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Détergents: Triton X-100, Tween-20, et autres
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- Authors
- Campbell, C. E., Piper, M., Plachez, C., Yeh, Y.-T., Baizer, J. S., Osinski, J. M., Litwack, E. D., Richards, L. J., & Gronostajski, R. M.
- Affiliations
- University at Buffalo, State University of New York (US)
- The University of Queensland (AU)
- University of Maryland, Baltimore (US)
- Corresponding author
- Gronostajski, Richard M
- ORCID
- Venue
- BMC Developmental Biology
- Published
- 2008-05-13
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 52-52
- ISSN
- 1471-213X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2414869
- OpenAlex
- W2092041178
- Cited by
- 179
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 2.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- BMC Developmental Biology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NNJ06HA59G)
- National Institutes of Health (5r01hl080624-05, HL080624)
- University at Buffalo
- Medical Research Council
- National Health and Medical Research Council (401616)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01-HL080624, HL080624)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS050515, NS050515)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Fetal and Pediatric Neurological Disorders
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
- Keywords
- NFIX, nuclear factor I, transcription factors, brain development, callosal agenesis, Pax6, doublecortin, skeletal development, perinatal lethality, dietary supplementation, NFIA, NFIB
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Brain, Cerebral Cortex, Cerebral Ventricles, Embryo, Mammalian, Female, Hippocampus, Immunohistochemistry, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Phenotype, Blotting, Western, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Mice, Knockout, Gene Targeting, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Genes, Developmental, Mice, NFI Transcription Factors, Embryonic Stem Cells
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