Cited by 67Mitochondrial Function and PathologyNeonatal and fetal brain pathologyAutophagy in Disease and Therapy

Sex differences in mitochondrial biogenesis determine neuronal death and survival in response to oxygen glucose deprivation and reoxygenation

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Sharma, Jaswinder, Johnston, Michael V, Hossain, Mir Ahamed·2014·BMC Neuroscience

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Mitochondrial dysfunction has been linked to neuronal death and a wide array of neurodegenerative diseases. Previously, we have shown sex differences in mitochondria-mediated cell death pathways following hypoxia-ischemia. However, the role of mitochondrial biogenesis in hypoxic-ischemic brain injury between male vs. female has not been studied yet. RESULTS: Primary cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs), isolated from P7 male and female mice (CD-1) segregated based on visual inspection of sex, were exposed to 2 h of oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) followed by 6-24 h of reoxygenation (Reox). Mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and cellular ATP levels were reduced significantly in XX CGNs as compared to XY CGNs. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content was increased (>2-fold) at 2 h OGD in XY CGNs and remained increased up to 24 h of Reox compared to XX neurons and normoxia controls. The expression of mitochondrial transcription factor A (Tfam), the nuclear respiratory factor-1 (NRF-1) and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), a master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis, were up-regulated (2-fold, ***p < 0.001) in XY CGNs but slightly reduced or remained unchanged in XX neurons. Similarly, the TFAM and PGC-1α protein levels and the mitochondrial proteins HSP60 and COXIV were increased in XY neurons only. Supportively, a balanced stimulation of fusion (Mfn 1and Mfn 2) and fission (Fis 1 and Drp 1) genes and enhanced formation of donut-shaped mitochondria were observed in XY CGNs vs. XX neurons (**p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate that OGD/Reox alters mitochondrial biogenesis and morphological changes in a sex-specific way, influencing neuronal injury/survival differently in both sexes.

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  • Sex differences in the regulation of genes controlling mitochondrial dynamics have been reported in mice following ischemic injury, a condition that shares pathophysiological features with TBI.

    “sex differences in the regulation of genes controlling mitochondrial dynamics have been reported in mice following ischemic injury, a condition that shares pathophysiological features with TBI.”
  • Multiple aspects of mitochondrial function appear to be different between males and females under physiological conditions.

    “multiple aspects of mitochondrial function appear to be different between males and females under physiological conditions”
  • Differences in mitochondrial function between males and females may be exacerbated by stress or injury.

    “differences may be exacerbated by stress or injury.”

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Authors
Sharma, J., Johnston, M. V., & Hossain, M. A.
Affiliations
Kennedy Krieger Institute (US)
Corresponding author
Hossain, Mir Ahamed
Venue
BMC Neuroscience
Published
2014-01-10
Volume
15
Issue
1
Pages
9-9
ISSN
1471-2202 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2042796333
Cited by
67
References
46
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 4
FWCI
3.28
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by
Locations
  • BMC Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health
  • National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS046030, R01NS028208)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Neonatal and fetal brain pathology
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Autophagy in Disease and Therapy
Keywords
sex differences, mitochondrial biogenesis, oxygen-glucose deprivation, reoxygenation, neuronal cell death, cerebellar granule cells, mitochondrial DNA, TFAM, PGC-1α, mitochondrial fission and fusion, mitochondrial membrane potential, ATP depletion, hypoxic-ischemic brain injury, mitochondrial dysfunction
MeSH terms
Animals, Brain, Cell Survival, Female, Glucose, Male, Mitochondria, Neurons, Oxygen, Sex Factors, Apoptosis, Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain, Mice, Mitochondrial Turnover

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