Cited by 193Mitochondrial Function and PathologyNeurological Disorders and TreatmentsSex and Gender in Healthcare

Sex differences in mitochondrial (dys)function: Implications for neuroprotection

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Demarest, Tyler G., McCarthy, Margaret M.·2015·Journal of Bioenergetics and Biomembranes

Abstract

Decades of research have revealed numerous differences in brain structure size, connectivity and metabolism between males and females. Sex differences in neurobehavioral and cognitive function after various forms of central nervous system (CNS) injury are observed in clinical practice and animal research studies. Sources of sex differences include early life exposure to gonadal hormones, chromosome compliment and adult hormonal modulation. It is becoming increasingly apparent that mitochondrial metabolism and cell death signaling are also sexually dimorphic. Mitochondrial metabolic dysfunction is a common feature of CNS injury. Evidence suggests males predominantly utilize proteins while females predominantly use lipids as a fuel source within mitochondria and that these differences may significantly affect cellular survival following injury. These fundamental biochemical differences have a profound impact on energy production and many cellular processes in health and disease. This review will focus on the accumulated evidence revealing sex differences in mitochondrial function and cellular signaling pathways in the context of CNS injury mechanisms and the potential implications for neuroprotective therapy development.

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  • Important sex differences exist in mitochondrial function, substrate utilization, insulin sensitivity, immune responses, muscle morphology and body composition, iron metabolism, thermoregulation, hydration, appetite control, and energy availability and endocrine function.

    “important sex differences exist in mitochondrial function [14–16], substrate utilization, and insulin sensitivity [17–24], immune responses [25–28], muscle morphology and body composition [29–32], iron metabolism [33–40], thermoregulation [41–44], hydration [45,46]{Sims, 2008 #55, [47–53], appetite control [54–59], and energy availability and endocrine function [60–65].”

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Authors
Demarest, T. G., & McCarthy, M. M.
Affiliations
University of Maryland, Baltimore (US)
Corresponding author
Demarest, Tyler G.
Venue
Journal of Bioenergetics and Biomembranes
Published
2014-10-08
Volume
47
Issue
1-2
Pages
173-188
ISSN
  • 0145-479X (ISSN-L)
  • 1573-6881
OpenAlex
W1980632245
Cited by
192
References
169
Citations by year
2026: 14 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 1
FWCI
0.50
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Journal of Bioenergetics and Biomembranes (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (P01HD016596)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neurological Disorders and Treatments
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Sex and Gender in Healthcare
Keywords
sex differences, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroprotection, central nervous system injury, brain energy metabolism, cell death signaling, gonadal hormones, sex hormones, neuroprotective therapy
MeSH terms
Adult, Central Nervous System, Central Nervous System Diseases, Energy Metabolism, Female, Humans, Male, Mitochondria, Sex Characteristics, Mitochondrial Diseases

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