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Effects of carbohydrate combined with caffeine on repeated sprint cycling and agility performance in female athletes

Open access
Lee, Chia-Lun, Cheng, Ching-Feng, Astorino, Todd A, Lee, Chia-Jung, Huang, Hsin-Wei, Chang, Wen-Dien·2014·Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition
DOI 10.1186/1550-2783-11-17PMC PMC4012529
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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Caffeine (CAF) has been shown to improve performance during early phase of repeated sprint exercise; however some studies show that CAF also increases the magnitude of physical stress represented by augmented blood lactate, glucose, and cortisol concentrations during latter phase of repeated sprint exercise. No studies have investigated the efficacy of combined carbohydrate (CHO) and CAF consumption during repeated sprint exercise (RSE) in female athletes. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of CAF with CHO supplementation on RSE and agility. METHODS: Eleven female athletes completed four experimental trials performed 7 d apart in a double-blind, randomized, and counter-balanced crossover design. Treatments included CAF + PLA (placebo), CAF + CHO, PLA + CHO, and PLA + PLA. Participants ingested capsules containing 6 mg · kg(-1) of CAF or PLA 60-min prior to RSE, and 0.8 g · kg(-1) of CHO solution or PLA immediately before the RSE, which consisted of ten sets of 5 × 4-s sprints on the cycle ergometer with 20-s active recovery. The agility T-test (AT-test) was performed before and after the RSE. Blood samples were acquired to assess glucose, lactate, testosterone, and cortisol. RESULTS: During Set 6 of RSE, peak power and mean power were significantly higher in PLA + CHO than those in CAF + PLA and PLA + PLA, respectively (p < .05). Total work was significantly increased by 4.8% and 5.9% with PLA + CHO than those of CAF + CHO and CAF + PLA during Set 3. PLA + CHO also increased total work more than CAF + PLA and PLA + PLA did during Set 6 (p < .05). No significant differences in AT-test performance either before or after the RSE were occurred among treatments (p > .05). Blood lactate and glucose concentrations were significantly higher under CAF + CHO, CAF + PLA, and PLA + CHO versus PLA + PLA (p < .05), but no differences in testosterone or cortisol levels were found (p > .05). CONCLUSIONS: Findings indicate that CAF + PLA or CAF + CHO ingestion did not improve repeated sprint performance with short rest intervals or agility. However, CHO ingested immediately prior to exercise provided a small but significant benefit on RSE performance in female athletes.

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  • Eumenorrheic women reportedly experience greater gastrointestinal distress across the early-follicular and late-luteal stages of the menstrual cycle compared to other phases.

    “Eumenorrheic women reportedly experience greater gastrointestinal distress across the early-follicular and late-luteal stages of the menstrual cycle as compared to other phases of the cycle [205].”

    From International society of sports nutrition position stand: nutritional concerns of the female athlete (2023) · cites this paper as [205]

    The Methods (Participants) list gastrointestinal symptoms in a side-effect questionnaire, and the Results (Side effects) report diarrhea and flatulence after caffeine ingestion. Neither passage compares symptoms across menstrual-cycle phases; searches for eumenorrheic women, early-follicular and late-luteal stages, and menstrual-cycle gastrointestinal symptoms found no such comparison in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.76)

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Authors
Lee, C.-L., Cheng, C.-F., Astorino, T. A., Lee, C.-J., Huang, H.-W., & Chang, W.-D.
Affiliations
  • National Taiwan Normal University (TW)
  • California State University, San Marcos (US)
  • China Medical University (TW)
Corresponding author
Cheng, Ching-Feng
ORCID
Venue
Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition
Publisher
Informa UK Limited
Published
2014-08-15
Volume
11
Issue
1
Pages
17-17
ISSN
1550-2783 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1186/1550-2783-11-17
PMC
PMC4012529
OpenAlex
W2116507455
Cited by
50
References
61
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 1
FWCI
2.67
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Sun Yat-sen University
  • National Science Council
  • Sun Yat-sen University
  • Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan
  • National Taiwan Normal University
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Coffee research and impacts
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
Keywords
caffeine, carbohydrate supplementation, repeated sprint performance, agility, female athletes, cycling, blood lactate, blood glucose, cortisol, testosterone, peak power, pre-exercise nutrition

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