Effect of quinolinic acid on human astrocytes morphology and functions: implications in Alzheimer's disease
Open accessAbstract
The excitotoxin quinolinic acid (QUIN) is synthesized through the kynurenine pathway (KP) by activated monocyte lineage cells. QUIN is likely to play a role in the pathogenesis of several major neuroinflammatory diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD). The presence of reactive astrocytes, astrogliosis, increased oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines are important pathological hallmarks of AD. We assessed the stimulatory effects of QUIN at low physiological to high excitotoxic concentrations in comparison with the cytokines commonly associated with AD including IFN-γ and TNF-α on primary human astrocytes. We found that QUIN induces IL-1β expression, a key mediator in AD pathogenesis, in human astrocytes. We also explored the effect of QUIN on astrocyte morphology and functions. At low concentrations, QUIN treatment induced concomitantly a marked increase in glial fibrillary acid protein levels and reduction in vimentin levels compared to controls; features consistent with astrogliosis. At pathophysiological concentrations QUIN induced a switch between structural protein expressions in a dose dependent manner, increasing VIM and concomitantly decreasing GFAP expression. Glutamine synthetase (GS) activity was used as a functional metabolic test for astrocytes. We found a significant dose-dependent reduction in GS activity following QUIN treatment. All together, this study showed that QUIN is an important factor for astroglial activation, dysregulation and cell death with potential relevance to AD and other neuroinflammatory diseases.
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Proinflammatory cytokines reduce neuroplasticity by increasing the levels of quinolinic acid, which is a strong agonist of the NMDA receptor.
“Proinflammatory cytokines reduce neuroplasticity by increasing the levels of quinolinic acid, which is a strong agonist of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor[51] (Figure 2).”
From Neuroinflammation and cytokine abnormality in major depression: cause or consequence in that illness? (2016) · cites this paper as [51]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Ting, K. K., Brew, B. J., & Guillemin, G. J.
- Affiliations
- St Vincent's Hospital Sydney (AU)
- UNSW Sydney (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Guillemin, Gilles J
- Venue
- Journal of Neuroinflammation
- Published
- 2009-12
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 36-36
- ISSN
- 1742-2094 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2797503
- OpenAlex
- W2171668977
- Cited by
- 166
- References
- 70
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 5.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroinflammation (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Judith Jane Mason and Harold Stannett Williams Memorial Foundation
- Rebecca L. Cooper Medical Research Foundation
- University of New South Wales
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Keywords
- quinolinic acid, astrocytes, astrocyte activation, Alzheimer's disease, kynurenine pathway, excitotoxicity, IL-1β, glial fibrillary acidic protein, vimentin, glutamine synthetase, neuroinflammation, astrocyte morphology, astrocyte dysfunction
- MeSH terms
- Alzheimer Disease, Animals, Astrocytes, Cells, Cultured, Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein, Humans, Interferon-gamma, RNA, Messenger, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Vimentin, Transforming Growth Factor alpha, Amyloid beta-Peptides, Quinolinic Acid, Cell Proliferation, Rats, Interleukin-1beta
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