Poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase-1 modulates microglial responses to amyloid β
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Amyloid β (Aβ) accumulates in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain. Microglial activation also occurs in AD, and this inflammatory response may contribute to disease progression. Microglial activation can be induced by Aβ, but the mechanisms by which this occurs have not been defined. The nuclear enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) regulates microglial activation in response to several stimuli through its interactions with the transcription factor, NF-κB. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether PARP-1 activation is involved in Aβ-induced microglial activation, and whether PARP-1 inhibition can modify microglial responses to Aβ. METHODS: hAPP(J20) mice, which accumulate Aβ with ageing, were crossed with PARP-1(-/-) mice to assess the effects of PARP-1 depletion on microglial activation, hippocampal synaptic integrity, and cognitive function. Aβ peptide was also injected into brain of wt and PARP-1(-/-) mice to directly determine the effects of PARP-1 on Aβ-induced microglial activation. The effect of PARP-1 on Aβ-induced microglial cytokine production and neurotoxicity was evaluated in primary microglia cultures and in microglia-neuron co-cultures, utilizing PARP-1(-/-) cells and a PARP-1 inhibitor. NF-κB activation was evaluated in microglia infected with a lentivirus reporter gene. RESULTS: The hAPP(J20) mice developed microglial activation, reduced hippocampal CA1 calbindin expression, and impaired novel object recognition by age 6 months. All of these features were attenuated in hAPP(J20)/PARP-1(-/-) mice. Similarly, Aβ(1-42) injected into mouse brain produced a robust microglial response in wild-type mice, and this was blocked in mice lacking PARP-1 expression or activity. Studies using microglial cultures showed that PARP-1 activity was required for Aβ-induced NF-κB activation, morphological transformation, NO release, TNFα release, and neurotoxicity. Conversely, PARP-1 inhibition increased release of the neurotrophic factors TGFβ and VEGF, and did not impair microglial phagocytosis of Aβ peptide. CONCLUSIONS: These results identify PARP-1 as a requisite and previously unrecognized factor in Aβ-induced microglial activation, and suggest that the effects of PARP-1 are mediated, at least in part, by its interactions with NF-κB. The suppression of Aβ-induced microglial activation and neurotoxicity by PARP-1 inhibition suggests this approach could be useful in AD and other disorders in which microglial neurotoxicity may contribute.
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In vivo studies using various Alzheimer disease and Parkinson disease models have shown that loss of PARP1 protects from brain dysfunctions and cognitive decline.
“In vivo studies using various Alzheimer disease and Parkinson disease models have shown that loss of PARP1 protects from brain dysfunctions and cognitive decline170–174.”
From NAD+ metabolism and its roles in cellular processes during ageing (2021) · cites this paper as [170]
PARP1 activation is associated with Alzheimer disease and Parkinson disease pathogenesis.
“PARP1 activation is also associated with Alzheimer disease170,171 and Parkinson disease172,173 pathogenesis.”
From NAD+ metabolism and its roles in cellular processes during ageing (2021) · cites this paper as [170]
Oxidative damage-induced poly(ADP-ribose) can mediate neuroinflammatory activity in AD.
“can mediate neuroinflammatory activity in AD (Kauppinen et al, 2011)”
From Mechanisms of DNA damage-mediated neurotoxicity in neurodegenerative disease (2022) · cites this paper as Kauppinen et al, 2011
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- Authors
- Kauppinen, T. M., Suh, S., Higashi, Y., Berman, A. E., Escartin, C., Won, S., Wang, C., Cho, S.-H., Gan, L., & Swanson, R. A.
- Affiliations
- San Francisco VA Medical Center (US)
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kauppinen, Tiina M
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Neuroinflammation
- Published
- 2011
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 152
- ISSN
- 1742-2094 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3247192
- OpenAlex
- W2147930131
- Cited by
- 112
- References
- 70
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 3.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroinflammation (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
- American Heart Association (SDG 0835222N)
- National Institutes of Health
- University of California, San Francisco
- National Institute on Aging (R01AG030207, AG030207-A2, R21AG029483, AG029483)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS 041421, R01NS041421)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neurological Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Keywords
- PARP1, amyloid-beta, microglial activation, Alzheimer's disease, NF-κB, PARP1 inhibition, neuroinflammation, neurotoxicity, cognitive impairment, TNF-α, nitric oxide, TGF-beta, vascular endothelial growth factor, microglia-neuron co-culture
- MeSH terms
- Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1, Animals, Behavior, Animal, Cells, Cultured, Hippocampus, Memory, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Neurons, Phagocytosis, Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases, Cytokines, Amyloid beta-Peptides, NF-kappa B, Microglia, Mice, Knockout, Coculture Techniques, Mice, Calbindins, S100 Calcium Binding Protein G
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