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Cited by 531

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 26 of the 26 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Cellular cholesterol delivery, intracellular processing and utilization for biosynthesis of steroid hormones

Open access
Hu, Jie, Zhang, Zhonghua, Shen, Wen-Jun, Azhar, Salman·2010·Nutrition & Metabolism
DOI 10.1186/1743-7075-7-47
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Abstract

Steroid hormones regulate diverse physiological functions such as reproduction, blood salt balance, maintenance of secondary sexual characteristics, response to stress, neuronal function and various metabolic processes. They are synthesized from cholesterol mainly in the adrenal gland and gonads in response to tissue-specific tropic hormones. These steroidogenic tissues are unique in that they require cholesterol not only for membrane biogenesis, maintenance of membrane fluidity and cell signaling, but also as the starting material for the biosynthesis of steroid hormones. It is not surprising, then, that cells of steroidogenic tissues have evolved with multiple pathways to assure the constant supply of cholesterol needed to maintain optimum steroid synthesis. The cholesterol utilized for steroidogenesis is derived from a combination of sources: 1)de novo synthesis in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER); 2) the mobilization of cholesteryl esters (CEs) stored in lipid droplets through cholesteryl ester hydrolase; 3) plasma lipoprotein-derived CEs obtained by either LDL receptor-mediated endocytic and/or SR-BI-mediated selective uptake; and 4) in some cultured cell systems from plasma membrane-associated free cholesterol. Here, we focus on recent insights into the molecules and cellular processes that mediate the uptake of plasma lipoprotein-derived cholesterol, events connected with the intracellular cholesterol processing and the role of crucial proteins that mediate cholesterol transport to mitochondria for its utilization for steroid hormone production. In particular, we discuss the structure and function of SR-BI, the importance of the selective cholesterol transport pathway in providing cholesterol substrate for steroid biosynthesis and the role of two key proteins, StAR and PBR/TSO in facilitating cholesterol delivery to inner mitochondrial membrane sites, where P450scc (CYP11A) is localized and where the conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone (the common steroid precursor) takes place.

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Metadata

Authors
Hu, J., Zhang, Z., Shen, W.-J., & Azhar, S.
Venue
Nutrition & Metabolism
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2010-06-01
Volume
7
Issue
1
Pages
47-47
ISSN
1743-7075 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1186/1743-7075-7-47
OpenAlex
W2114728551
Cited by
531
References
26
FWCI
13.04
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
gold

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