Cited by 98Adrenal Hormones and DisordersStress Responses and CortisolHormonal Regulation and Hypertension

60 YEARS OF POMC: Adrenal and extra-adrenal functions of ACTH

Gallo-Payet, Nicole·2016·Journal of Molecular Endocrinology

Abstract

The pituitary adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) plays a pivotal role in homeostasis and stress response and is thus the major component of the hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenal axis. After a brief summary of ACTH production from proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and on ACTH receptor properties, the first part of the review covers the role of ACTH in steroidogenesis and steroid secretion. We highlight the mechanisms explaining the differential acute vs chronic effects of ACTH on aldosterone and glucocorticoid secretion. The second part summarizes the effects of ACTH on adrenal growth, addressing its role as either a mitogenic or a differentiating factor. We then review the mechanisms involved in steroid secretion, from the classical Cyclic adenosine monophosphate second messenger system to various signaling cascades. We also consider how the interaction between the extracellular matrix and the cytoskeleton may trigger activation of signaling platforms potentially stimulating or repressing the steroidogenic potency of ACTH. Finally, we consider the extra-adrenal actions of ACTH, in particular its role in differentiation in a variety of cell types, in addition to its known lipolytic effects on adipocytes. In each section, we endeavor to correlate basic mechanisms of ACTH function with the pathological consequences of ACTH signaling deficiency and of overproduction of ACTH.

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Crossref · 10.1530/jme-15-0257

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226 of 226 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • Previously, direct receptor-mediated anti-inflammatory effects of ACTH and succinate on immune cells associated with blockages of pro-inflammatory polarization have been shown.

    “Previously, the direct receptor-mediated anti-inflammatory effects of ACTH and succinate on immune cells associated with blockages of pro-inflammatory polarization have been shown [51,52,89].”
  • The drugs' abilities to exert neurotrophic effects may be mediated by activation of specific receptors: SUCNR1 for Mexidol and MCRs for Semax.

    “The drugs’ abilities to exert neurotrophic effects may be mediated by the activation of specific receptors: SUCNR1 for Mexidol and receptors of the melanocortin family MCRs for Semax [51,52,59,60].”
  • Treatment with Mexidol and Semax, especially Mexidol, prolonged the period of PGC-1α activation, which may be related to receptor-mediated (by SUCNR1 and MCRs) initiation of calcium signaling cascades in neurons.

    “The treatment with Mexidol and Semax, especially Mexidol, prolonged the period of PGC-1α activation, which may be related to the receptor-mediated (by SUCNR1 and MCRs) initiation of calcium signaling cascades in neurons [51,52,59,60].”

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Authors
Gallo-Payet, N.
Affiliations
1Division of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medicine, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
Venue
Journal of Molecular Endocrinology
Published
2016-05
Volume
56
Issue
4
Pages
T135-T156
ISSN
  • 0952-5041 (ISSN-L)
  • 1479-6813
OpenAlex
W2412941099
Cited by
98
References
227
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 8
FWCI
1.85
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Journal of Molecular Endocrinology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Université de Sherbrooke
  • King's College London
  • Canada Research Chairs
  • Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London
  • Canadian Institutes of Health Research (MOP-10998)
  • Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adrenal Hormones and Disorders
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal Regulation and Hypertension
Keywords
ACTH, proopiomelanocortin, ACTH receptor, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, steroidogenesis, aldosterone secretion, glucocorticoid secretion, adrenal growth, cAMP signaling, extracellular matrix, cytoskeleton, cell differentiation, lipolysis, ACTH deficiency, ACTH excess, Cushing's disease
MeSH terms
Adrenal Cortex, Adrenal Cortex Hormones, Adrenal Glands, Adrenocorticotropic Hormone, Aldosterone, Animals, Cytoskeleton, Disease Susceptibility, Extracellular Matrix, Gene Expression Regulation, Humans, Periodicity, Protein Binding, Steroids, Signal Transduction, Reactive Oxygen Species, Adipocytes, MAP Kinase Signaling System, Genomics, Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 2

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